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Objective: To investigate Indonesian pregnant women's experiences in seeking and receiving nutrition information., Design: Qualitative semi-structured interviews analysed with thematic analysis., Setting and Participants: Twenty-three pregnant women in Malang City, Indonesia were interviewed between December 2018 and January 2019., Findings: Four key themes emerged concerning pregnant women's nutrition information-seeking behaviour: (i) Most women passively received nutrition information rather than actively seeking it; (ii) Women sought and received nutrition information from multiple sources including health professionals, social networks and the Internet, with varying levels of trust; (iii) Health professionals, including doctors, midwives and nutritionists, did not provide consistent and timely information; and (iv) Most women could identify gaps between nutrition information provided by health professionals and their expectations., Key Conclusions and Implications for Practice: This study identified opportunities for Indonesian health authorities to enhance their nutrition education services. This study suggests improvements that could extend the systematic provision of nutrition education to meet the needs of pregnant women in developing countries., Competing Interests: Declaration of Competing Interest The authors declare no conflict of interest., (Copyright © 2021 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Objective: Adequate and appropriate nutrition education is expected to contribute towards preventing risk of child stunting and maternal overweight/obesity. Understanding women's information-seeking behaviours is an important key step for health professionals and departments of health in order to improve the development of optimal and targeted nutrition education during pregnancy. This study investigated the experience of Indonesian women in seeking and receiving nutritional information during pregnancy and its relationship to women's socio-demographic and pregnancy characteristics., Design: An online cross-sectional study., Setting: Malang City, Indonesia., Participants: Women who had given birth within the past 2 years (n 335)., Results: All women in this study sought or received food and nutrition information from multiple sources, including social and health professional contacts and media sources. The women frequently discussed nutrition issues with their family, particularly their husband (98·2 %) and mother or mother-in-law (91·6 %). This study identified four groups of sources based on women's search habits. Women from high socio-economic strata were more likely to discuss food and nutrition issues or received nutrition information from obstetricians, their family or online sources (adjusted R2 = 26·3 %). Women from low socio-economic strata were more likely to receive nutrition information from midwives, health volunteers or Maternal and Child Health books (adjusted R2 = 14·5 %)., Conclusions: A variety of nutrition information sources needs to be provided for women from different socio-economic strata. Involvement of family members in antenatal nutrition education may improve the communication and effectiveness of young mothers' dietary and nutrition education.

Background: Early lifestyle intervention, including antenatal nutrition education, is required to reduce the triple burden of malnutrition. Understanding healthcare professionals' views and experiences is essential for improving future nutrition education programmes for Indonesian pregnant women. This study aimed to investigate the views of Indonesian antenatal healthcare professionals regarding nutrition education for pregnant women and the improvements required to provide more effective antenatal nutrition education., Methods: A descriptive qualitative study involved semi-structured interviews was conducted with 24 healthcare professionals, including nutritionists ( n  = 10), midwives ( n  = 9) and obstetricians ( n  = 5) in Malang, Indonesia, between December 2018 and January 2019. Data were analysed using thematic analysis., Results: The study identified four main themes. First, healthcare professionals were aware of the importance of providing antenatal nutrition education, which included supporting its targeted delivery. Second, there were differing views on who should provide nutrition education. Most midwives and obstetricians viewed nutritionists as the prime nutrition education provider. Nutritionists were confident in their capability to provide nutrition education. However, some nutritionists reported that only a few women visited primary health centres and received nutrition counselling via this pathway. Third, healthcare professionals revealed some barriers in providing education for women. These barriers included a limited number of nutritionists, lack of consistent guidelines, lack of healthcare professionals' nutrition knowledge and lack of time during antenatal care services. Fourth, participants expressed the need to strengthen some system elements, including reinforcing collaboration, developing guidelines, and enhancing capacity building to improve future antenatal nutrition education., Conclusions: Healthcare professionals play a central role in the provision of antenatal nutrition education. This study highlighted the importance of educational models that incorporate various antenatal nutrition education delivery strategies. These methods include maximizing referral systems and optimizing education through multiple delivery methods, from digital modes to traditional face-to-face nutrition education in pregnancy classes and community-based health services.