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Indonesia governs the post-entry observation through the Animal Quarantine Installation (AQI) as a precautionary measure to minimize the risk of the entrance and the spread of animal infectious organism and disease of import animals. However, wastes generated from their activities are potentially pollute the environment. This research aimed to evaluate the pollution from AQI activity on its receiving water body. The study was conducted at 5 companies as follow: PT. A, PT. B, PT. C, PT. D, and PT. E. The samples were taken from their wastewater and the river where the waste was discarded with two replications. Direct measurement was carried out in the field by using water quality equipment to analyze pH, temperature, DO, and TDS. For other analysis, samples collected were preserved in refrigerator at 4 °C before laboratory testing was carried out to minimize microbiological decomposition of solids. Pollution variabels were analyzed by analysis of variance test (ANOVA) with 95% confidence level followed by turkey test. The results showed that there was no difference in pollution from temperature, DO, TDS, TSS, COD, and ammonia variables from 5 companies. In contrast, two variables i.e., pH and BOD indicating the difference among 5 companies (P<0.05). In conclusion, the results of wastewater variables from large-ruminant AQI activity were generally exceeding the Quality Standard of Wastewater for cattle-farming. Thus there is a pollution of water bodies in the environment around AQI due to their activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highly pathogenic avian influenza A(H5N1) clade 2.3.4.4b viruses were isolated from domestic ducks in South Kalimantan, Indonesia, during April 2022. The viruses were genetically similar to those detected in East Asia during 2021-2022. Molecular surveillance of wild birds is needed to detect potential pandemic threats from avian influenza virus.

Dog-mediated rabies is endemic in much of Indonesia, including Bali. Most dogs in Bali are free-roaming and often inaccessible for parenteral vaccination without special effort. Oral rabies vaccination (ORV) is considered a promising alternative to increase vaccination coverage in these dogs. This study assessed immunogenicity in local dogs in Bali after oral administration of the highly attenuated third-generation rabies virus vaccine strain SPBN GASGAS. Dogs received the oral rabies vaccine either directly or by being offered an egg-flavored bait that contained a vaccine-loaded sachet. The humoral immune response was then compared with two further groups of dogs: a group that received a parenteral inactivated rabies vaccine and an unvaccinated control group. The animals were bled prior to vaccination and between 27 and 32 days after vaccination. The blood samples were tested for the presence of virus-binding antibodies using ELISA. The seroconversion rate in the three groups of vaccinated dogs did not differ significantly: bait: 88.9%; direct-oral: 94.1%; parenteral: 90.9%; control: 0%. There was no significant quantitative difference in the level of antibodies between orally and parenterally vaccinated dogs. This study confirms that SPBN GASGAS is capable of inducing an adequate immune response comparable to a parenteral vaccine under field conditions in Indonesia.