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Indonesia's transmigration areas are recognized for failing to fulfill advancement necessities, particularly spearheading progress in remote rural regions. Despite the dynamic characteristics, Village Community Organizations (VCOs) have made transmigration village development more progressive and promising. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the engagement of VCOs, such as economic, women, and youth organizations, in developing transmigration areas. This study uses qualitative methods with data collection techniques in the form of observation and in-depth interviews in nine villages in Indonesia. A community-driven development approach was used to analyze the development of transmigration villages. The study further identified three main factors: social capital, education, and support from the village government for VCO initiatives. These factors significantly influenced the actions to foster development within each transmigration village. The results provided significant insights into the crucial role of VCOs in empowering transmigration areas. This study recommends that policymakers apply this model to encourage greater community involvement, where strengthening resources in VCOs will increase community participation in sustaining rural development. The study further complemented previous publications by examining the role of VCOs, which was neglected in developing countries such as Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ponggok Village located in Klaten-Central Java is one of the villages that has been named the Best National Tourism Village in 2017 in the category of Community Empowerment from the Ministry of Villages, Development of Disadvantaged Regions and Transmigration, besides being named one of the richest villages in Indonesia with revenues reaching 14.5 billion in 2019 (goodnewsindonesia.com) of course, this achievement cannot be separated from the role of the local champion of Ponggok Village, Thanks to the initiation of the local champion of Ponggok village to be very successful and prosper its community, ponggok village also applies Community based tourism, local people are not only spectators, but as tourism actors and enjoy the impact directly, this article discusses the role of local champions seen from the concept of TALC butler (1980), analyzes each phase of the development of Ponggok village tourism and the involvement of local champions in it, In addition, it divides the role of local champions into 3 categories, namely facilitators, mediators and mobilizers [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The development policies implemented in Jambi Province, Indonesia, since the New Order era, have encouraged transformations in demography, regional paradigms, growth base sectors, and growth actors. This study aims to understand how the central government's demographic policies and plantation development program have impacted regional land cover change, rural development transformation, and economic development in Sumatra Island's biodiversity-rich rainforest region (Jambi Province). This study explores the shifts in village typology that have occurred. Descriptive analysis and cluster analysis were applied to collect data at the provincial level that included population, poverty rate, levels of education, HDI, GRDP, Gini index, and land cover. Village Potential Data at the village level was then used to build an infrastructure index and a diversity of activities index. The results of this study indicated that macro development indicators are in a positive trend: HDI, educational levels, GRDP per capita, and the proportion of the tertiary sector in GRDP have all increased. The growth of the tertiary sector was largely driven by the trade and motorized-vehicle repair sectors. The provincial landscape has changed significantly due to the expansion of oil palm plantations. At the village level, the infrastructure index and diversity index show an increase in the number of facilities and variations in economic activity in most villages. Some shifts in rural typology are highlighted: the increase in urban villages and in villages that specialize in oil palm plantation or other industrial plantation crops. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Controversial transmigration programs have moved millions of people from the cores of domestic economies to national geographical peripheries to ostensibly facilitate a more equitable resource distribution. However, it is not well understood how transmigrants become accepted and how they position themselves within the local networks of migrant-receiving rural communities. We examine how ethnicity and transmigratory experience affect informal knowledge-sharing networks in 16 coffee and cocoa farmer groups in Lampung, Indonesia. Drawing on these social networks and key socio-economic characteristics of 315 farming group members, we examine core-periphery network structures and centrality distributions within these farming groups. We show that individuals from the majority ethnomigration group who are the descendants of Javanese migrants tend to form the core of the local farmers' knowledge networks, apparently benefiting both from strong cultural links to the central regions of the country in Java as well as strong embeddedness in local communities. Our findings also call attention to possible marginalization of original members of peripheral rural communities in central government-sponsored transmigration and export-oriented agricultural extension programs. • Examined the position of transmigrants and local inhabitants in the social networks of rural communities in Indonesia. • The descendants of transmigrants tend to form the core in smallholder farmers' agricultural knowledge networks. • They benefit from strong cultural links to the country's central regions and strong embeddedness in the local communities. • Policies need to consider possible marginalization of native inhabitants in government-sponsored transmigration programs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, I explore approaches in establishing cross‐cultural relations between indigenous people and internal migrants in the district of West Seram (Maluku, Indonesia). According to current data, the number of people from other islands exceeds the local population but the district government neglects the ethnic issues. Emerging inequalities are becoming a challenge for internal migrants, especially in the areas of leadership and land tenure. I argue that the sense of exclusion among 'outsiders' impacts on growing social tensions and creates immobility within the social structures, giving less room for negotiations and dialogue. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The migrants in Barito Kuala Regency developed the art of dance originating fromtheir area. However, the art performances they show are one of the reinforcements for their social integration with the local community. This paper aims to: (1) describe the reasons for the migrants to develop their performing arts. (2) analyzing the role of performing arts as a medium for social integration of migrants with local communities. This research uses qualitative research methods and has been carried out in Sidomulyo Village and Dandan Jaya Village, Barito Kuala Regency, South Kalimantan Province. 10 Informants were interviewed. Data was carried out by observation, in-depth interviews, and diaries and was analyzed by ethnographic analysis. This study found that (1) the reason of migrants to develop art is to always remember their original identity. (2) Art becomes a medium for social integration through (a) adapting the art of the migrant community to the art of the local community (b) Performing arts As a means of public entertainment (c) social interactions that are developed among all residents during performing arts performances. Based on the research findings, this study suggests strengthening arts that adapt local arts to strengthen social integration, especially in multi-ethnic communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Transmigration processes in Indonesia have heavily influenced incoming and hosting communities' sense of identity and belonging. However, the social and cultural aspects of building a new life elsewhere are still an unexplored topic. In this article, I would like to show how modern descendants of Javanese transmigrants living in the village of Waemital in West Seram, part of the Moluccas, sustain links with Java in their everyday lives. Despite their extended residence, internal migrants struggle with the stigma of being outsiders. This article also explores how resistance to local adaptation has fostered social tensions between transmigrant and indigenous communities, hindering mutual understanding. How might a description of Waemital inhabitants' everyday lives help us understand the impact of organized migrations in Indonesia? [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to shed light on the impacts of peri‐urbanisation processes across two case studies in Port Numbay within the Province of Papua. Five methods were used to gather data: focus group discussions, semi‐structured interviews, archival research, ethnographic observations, and remote sensing imagery and geospatial analysis tools. The results generated insights into: (1) the lasting legacy of historical transmigration and decentralisation policies that have influenced the processes of peri‐urbanisation in shaping the social and economic conditions within peripheral communities; (2) how peri‐urbanisation has impacted biophysical environments including social‐ecological systems and environmental health systems; (3) a range of peri‐urbanisation trends (land clearing, deforestation and expansion of settlements over time). The article tests an interdisciplinary method for monitoring processes of peri‐urbanisation. It concludes that approaches to decentralisation, health service delivery and sustainable development interventions into peri‐urban zones should consider local conditions. Recommendations for policy and further research are also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This contribution examines the intergenerational effects of oil palm expansion in Indonesia at two scales. First, I use a broad brush and selected examples from different parts of Indonesia to highlight the long-term, intergenerational dynamics of displacement from the land, and the linked problem of displacement from opportunities to find decent work. In the second part I draw on primary data from my research in a plantation zone in West Kalimantan to examine intergenerational dynamics in households and communities tucked around the borders of plantations, where access to residual pockets of land is the key to secure to secure and prosperous futures. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

ABSTRACT Long-tailed macaques ( Macaca fascicularis) at temple sites in Bali may be considered sacred because of the presence of monkeys in Hindu texts or through their association with sacred temple spaces. Using an ethnoprimatological approach, our research goal was to further explain how primates become sacred by exploring differences in perceptions of primate sacredness between Balinese Hindus living in Bali and those living in transmigrant communities in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Structured face-to-face interviews were conducted with 100 individuals from three transmigrant communities regarding their relationship with local booted macaques ( Macaca ochreata). We found that the majority of transmigrants did not consider booted macaques sacred. Reasons given for this lack of sacredness included the absence of macaques in and around transmigrant temple sites, as well as generally unhabituated and destructive behavior. Our research also helps explain perceptions of macaque sacredness in Bali. We demonstrate how macaque sacredness cannot be viewed through a singular lens; rather, it is multifaceted, deriving from the convergence of multiple factors and contexts. The presence of long-tailed macaques in temple sites during rituals, their habituated (i.e., peaceful) behavior during those rituals, and a landscape of social engagement between humans and macaques in Bali contribute to their perceived sacredness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Challenging conventional wisdom, this article argues that Indonesia — long home to both large-scale transmigration programmes and a range of conflicts — has not witnessed transmigrant conflicts. The vast majority of Indonesian transmigrants were resettled in parts of Sumatra which have remained peaceful. In some conflicts, the role of transmigration has been exaggerated. In others, interethnic violence has involved spontaneous migrants rather than state-led transmigrants. We conclude with a discussion of two potential outliers, where violence has been directed towards transmigrants, but only those from disaster-affected regions who arrived en masse. This article argues for a more nuanced understanding of the distinctions between different forms of internal migration, some of which have the potential to spark future violence in recipient areas and communities. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

A series of surveys and interviews were conducted with families relocated from the site of the Bili-Bili Dam project in South Sulawesi, Indonesia, to remote transmigration areas in the same province. At the time of the survey, all families had received their full amount of cash compensation for relocation. In addition, they had been given an opportunity to join the Transmigration Programme (TP) to receive land and houses for free; however, many suffered from hardships and their strong attachment to their homeland forced them to return. The results of this survey show that families who joined the TP did in fact use their compensation money to purchase small pieces of land and homes close to their original village. Those who were successful and saved money while living in TP areas, as well as those who sold their land in the TP areas, mostly returned to the dam vicinity and were able to purchase land and homes in that area. It is therefore concluded that this resettlement scheme was successful. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Transmigration from Java to rural areas of the 'outer islands' appeared finished in Indonesia after the fall of the Suharto regime in 1998 and decentralisation in 2001. However, the rapid growth of oil palm plantations in the past decade has led to a renewed call for transmigrants by district heads seeking an expanded labour force. A new system has evolved on a district-to-district basis with applicants in 'sending districts' (in Java, Bali and the poorer provinces of East and West Nusa Tenggara) being matched to requests from 'receiving districts' (in Sumatra, Kalimantan, Sulawesi and Papua), which largely depend on levels of plantation investment near proposed new transmigration sites. Coordination is in the hands of a rebranded central Ministry of Manpower and Transmigration. Integral to the 'spatial' organisation of the new transmigration will be the creation of towns or cities, known as Kota Terpadu Mandiri ('Integrated self-sufficient city'). A new transmigration region (with its oil palm plantations) will form the 'embryo' for the city's growth. Although these arrangements will aim to reduce poverty, their social and environmental costs have not been evaluated. Examples of these new schemes in parts of Central Kalimantan are discussed, with brief comparisons of earlier transmigration projects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using the drivers-pressures-state-impact-responses (DPSIR) analytical framework, local stakeholder respondents and experts were interviewed to construct and prioritize a causality network that links ecosystem state of the coastal waters of Berau (East Kalimantan, Indonesia) with societal drivers of change. Particularly on the perceived top priority drivers and pressures, consensus among respondents was considerable. The constructed network was found to be consistent with literature findings from elsewhere in SE Asia. This causality network was then confronted with a local articulation of the SRES scenarios (IPCCs Special Report on Emissions Scenarios: A1, A2, B1, B2), and four plausible trajectories of future change were deduced over a period of 20 years, until 2030. Our scenario articulations differed greatly in the projected immigration influx into the region, in local economic growth and in institutional strength of governance. Under business-as-usual conditions, it is foreseen that fisheries will continue to overexploit the resource, and inland and mangrove deforestation, as well as sediment and sewage loading of the coastal waters, will increase, leading to declines in coral and seagrass extent and depleted fisheries. Scenarios with continued immigration (~A1, A2) will probably aggravate this pattern, whereas those with reduced immigration (~B1, B2) would appear to lead to considerable improvements in the state of the coastal waters of Berau. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

George Monbiot is a prominent writer, environmentalist and campaigner for social justice whose columns for the British newspaper, The Guardian, are widely read across the world. In this interview he speaks candidly about the experiences that led to the publication of his first three books: Poisoned Arrows: An Investigative Journey through Indonesia, Amazon Watershed: The New Environmental Investigation and No Man's Land: An Investigative Journey through Kenya and Tanzania. Significantly, whilst each of these volumes is a work of investigative travel, Monbiot states that he never saw himself as a travel writer. Indeed, Monbiot is rather dismissive of recent British travel writing in general, with the notable exception of figures such as Bruce Chatwin, Charles Nicholl and Wilfred Thesiger, whom he met in Kenya in 1994. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In addition to well-documented negative effects (e.g., environmental degradation and ethnic conflict) Indonesia's central government programs of transmigration and industrial forest management subvert indigenous rights (even if unintentionally) through appropriation of forested land and migrant subsidies. Although central control can be an effective strategy for resource management, Indonesia's programs have undercut their own objectives and may interact synergistically to increase population pressure, reduce available land, and intensify land use conflicts on the outer islands. Empirical data are needed to evaluate the interactions between transmigration and forest conversion and to design appropriate management strategies that incorporate local as well as central controls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]