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Rabbits, which are commonly raised as livestock in many rural areas of Asian countries, produce liquid waste called urine that can have negative environmental impacts. In order to tackle this issue, the development of technology is necessary to effectively process this waste into a form that can be utilized without causing harm to the environment. Urine contains valuable organic compounds that can be used as raw materials for the production of liquid organic fertilizer (LOF). The quality of this fertilizer is dependent on the availability of microorganism substrates and the duration of fermentation. The objective of this study is to investigate the influence of different substrates and fermentation periods on the properties of liquid organic fertilizer. The raw material used in this research is locally sourced rabbit urine. The experiments were conducted in a laboratory at the Faculty of Animal Science, Hasanuddin University, Indonesia. Three types of substrates were employed: bioactivator animal substrate (BAsb), bioactivator plant substrate (BPsb), and commercial microorganism (C-mic) as the control. Two different fermentation periods were tested: 2 weeks and 4 weeks. The data were analyzed using a completely randomized design (CRD) with factorial patterns. The results revealed that the type of bioactivator substrate had a significant impact (p < 0.05) on the N-organic, C/N ratio, P2O5, and K2O content. However, pH and C-organic showed no significant effect (p > 0.05). Additionally, fermentation time had a significant effect (p < 0.05) on C-organic, N-organic, and the C/N ratio, but pH did not have a significant effect (p > 0.05). Moreover, there was a significant interaction (p < 0.05) between the substrate type and fermentation time in the LOF-RU process. The production of N-organic content from local rabbit urine yielded promising results. For the LOF-RU production process with BAsb or BPsb, fermentation periods of up to 4 weeks can be applied. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sorghum is an alternative food ingredient that contains high levels of carbohydrates and calories so it can be a solution to food security problems. This research aims to evaluate the suitability of land for sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L.) in Tolitoli Regency, Indonesia. This research was conducted in Lampasio District, Tolitoli Regency using purposive sampling and survey methods on five land map units (SPL). The results of the research show that the area is classified as quite suitable land class (S2) with limiting factors for drainage and nutrient retention (oa, nr) with a land area of 3,652.7 ha spread over 5 SPL, namely SPL 1,2,3 and 5 while class The land (S3) is SPL 4. However, this can be overcome by adding fertilizer and adding organic material. So that it can improve the status of each land to be very suitable (S1) and quite suitable (S2). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inefficiency is a problem in the production process, including in the organic farming sector. Over a long term period, this problem can disrupt the productivity of agricultural crops. This research aims to analyze the production and marketing efficiency of organic cabbage farming in the Kopeng agropolitan area, Indonesia. We utilized a Cobb–Douglas production efficiency analysis with the Stochastic Frontier Analysis (SFA) approach. The variables in this study include organic cabbage production, land area, seedlings, organic fertilizers, organic pesticides, and labor. We conducted in-depth interviews with 60 organic cabbage farmers in Kopeng, Indonesia, from January to August 2023. The research results showed that organic cabbage cultivation was economically inefficient in production, technical, and marketing. The use of organic fertilizers, the ability to diversify products on limited land, and the use of pesticides, have not been utilized optimally yet. The results of the marketing efficiency analysis showed that it was efficient. Organic plants were believed to have their market share and to have a higher selling value than non-organic ones. The implication was that the government needed to provide training in producing organic fertilizers and pesticides to reduce production costs so that organic farming could be technically and financially efficient. This research enriched the discussion regarding the need to analyze production and marketing efficiency to find strategies to increase organic cabbage productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sappan wood plants are one of the medicinal plants in Indonesia. Considering the potential of Sappan wood plants in the health and industrial sectors, special cultivation techniques are required to ensure that Sappan wood plants can grow with a large stem diameter. A large stem diameter can be achieved by using the appropriate planting distance. The right planting distance requires land with sufficient organic content. This research aims to determine the optimum planting distance and the appropriate type of organic material to produce Sappan wood plants with a large diameter. The experimental design used was a Split Plot Design, with planting distance (J) as the main plot and organic fertilizer (P) as the sub-plot. The planting distance factor levels were J1 = 1m x 1m, J2 = 2mx2m cm, J3 = 3m x3m. The organic fertilizer factor levels were P1 = Cow Manure Fertilizer, P2 = Chicken Manure Fertilizer, and P3 = Sheep Manure Fertilizer. The results showed an interaction between the planting distance treatment and the use of manure fertilizer on the parameters of stem diameter and soil pH of Sappan wood plants at 3 MAP (months after planting). The planting distance treatment independently influenced the results, with a 1m x 1m planting distance providing the best results for plant height and stem diameter. In general, the application of different types of manure did not significantly affect the growth of Sappan wood plants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Coastal acid-sulfate soils are crucial for producing crops and thus, for food security. However, over time, these soil resources experience degradation, leading to higher agro-input, lower yields, and environmental hazards that finally threaten food security. The optimal use of this fragile resource is only attained by implementing vigorous integrated water–soil–crop management technologies amid the climate change impact. This study aimed to review the distribution, properties, use, and management of acid-sulfate soils in Kalimantan, Indonesia. Acid-sulfate soils cover about 3.5 Mha of the coastal area in Kalimantan and have high acidity, high-risk iron and aluminum toxicity, and low fertility, requiring precise water management, amelioration and fertilizer application, crop variety selection, and rice cultivation technologies. Lime, biochar, organic fertilizer, compost, ash, and fly ash are ameliorants that raise pH, reduce iron and aluminum toxicity, and improve crop yield. Rice cultivation has developed from traditional to modern but needs re-designing to fit local conditions. Depending on the soil nutrient status, rice cultivation requires 80–200 kg ha−1 of urea, 50–150 kg ha−1 of SP36, 50–150 kg ha−1 of KCl, and 125–400 kg ha−1 of NPK compound fertilizer, but is affected by CH4 and CO2 emissions. Good water management impacts the effective implementation of amelioration and fertilizer application technologies. The remaining challenges and future directions for water management, amelioration, fertilizer application, crop varieties, cultivation techniques, land use optimization, climate change adaptation and mitigation, technology adoption and implementation, and resource conservation are outlined. Acid-sulfate soils remain a resource capital that supports food security regionally and nationally in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Indonesia's soybean production is insufficient to meet the demand for domestic soybean consumption as 86.4% demand is met from imports. Climatic conditions strongly influence soybean production and its quality in Indonesia, so the agroforestry system are used to to boost soybean production. However, the weakness of the agroforestry system is the low light intensity resulting in lower production. This study examines the effect of various organic fertilizers on nutrient uptake and soybean yields in teak-based agroforestry systems. Methods: The study used a complete randomized block design with one factor, namely the type of fertilizer with seven levels, namely inorganic fertilizer (Urea 50 kg/ha, SP36 100 kg/ha and KCl 100 kg/ha), Indigofera tinctoria compost, corncob compost, peanut green manure, chicken manure, goat manure and cow manure (dose of 5 tons/ha) and repeated three times. Result: The type of fertilizer affects nitrogen and potassium uptake, root length and biomass, number of leaves, plant biomass and 1 ha soybean yield in a teak-based agroforestry system. Indigofera tinctoria compost produced the highest nitrogen and potassium uptake, 13.83g and 2.77 g. Nitrogen uptake is positively correlated with root length and plant biomass. The highest soybean yield in the peanut green manure treatment was 1.6 tons. Organic fertilizers increased nutrient uptake and soybean yields under teak stands compared to inorganic fertilizers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study investigates actor relationships in subsidized fertilizer programs within Indonesian rice production hubs. It aims to comprehend roles and interactions among actors in budget allocation, fertilizer distribution, policy oversight, and farmer involvement. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, analyzing how institutional practices and hierarchies impact the subsidized fertilizer market. The study focuses on Indramayu and Karawang Regencies in West Java and Sidenreng Rappang (Sidrap) and Wajo Regencies in South Sulawesi, all significant rice production centers. Data was gathered through in-depth interviews involving central, regional, distributor, store actors, and farmers. Results reveal collaboration and competition as primary relationship modes in the subsidized fertilizer program. Cooperation exists among institutional players at the central level during budget deliberations, while relationships emerge when actors unite to advocate for budget adjustments or specific fertilizer types. Factors like discourse, institutional practices, and capitalist interests shape these inter- actions. Discourse might favor chemical or organic fertilizers. Farmers occupy a relatively marginalized position in actor conflicts, warranting increased policymaker attention. Although the government seeks improvements, farmers still face challenges such as inadequate doses, delays in distribution, and financial constraints. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Volcanic material sedimentation of Mt. Merapi causes changes in surface soil's physical and chemical properties that reduce soil fertility. The eruption of the mountain also builds volcanic soil layers, which are generally porous and have a low water-holding capacity. The chemical properties of this layer have low nutrient content and organic matter. Solid human feces composted for 30 days has a water content of 51.62%, carbon 15.62%, nitrogen 1.50%, and phosphorus 6.45%. The potential of nutrients possessed by human feces compost has the opportunity to be used as a source of fertilizer for plants because the plant, animal biomass, and human excreta are essential components of material and energy flow in ecosystems. However, the human feces compost as an organic fertilizer has not yet been widely utilized. Therefore, the research aims are to study the potential of sanitized human feces composts to improve the fertility of volcanic soil from Mt. Merapi Indonesia and find its optimum dosage for sweet corn cultivation. Volcanic soil from Mt Merapi was brought to the greenhouse from the mountain area and used as media to cultivate sweet corn plants. The research was conducted using a completely randomized design (CRD) with five treatments consisting of four dosages of human feces compost and one control treatment using cattle manure. The four dosages of composted human feces were applied in the volcanic soil with the dose of 5, 10, 15, and 20 tons/hectare. Organic fertilizer from cattle manure with a dose of 20 tons/hectare was used as a control. The result showed that human feces compost has similar potential as cattle manure (control treatment) in increasing the growth and yield of sweet corn. Furthermore, the result also showed that the optimum dosage of organic fertilizer from human feces compost to increase sweet corn's productivity was 15 tons per hectare. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice-fish cultivation, also known as Manipadi in Indonesia, is one of the many integrated farming systems where fish are grown concurrently with rice. However, this integrated system needs to be optimized by organic fertilizer. The application of organic fertilizers, such as compost and local biofertilizers, when implemented into this integrated system, can optimize the yield per land for both rice and fish. However, this combination must be evaluated systematically by multiple evaluation criteria and statistical analyses. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the combination of compost doses and/or local liquid organic fertilizer concentrations, based on multiple evaluation criteria, that supports the productivity of rice-fish integration agriculture. The experiment was carried out in the Wanuae farmer group of the Barebbo District, Bone Regency, Indonesia, between September 2018 and January 2019. The experiment employed a split plot design with a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The main plot consisted of compost (four levels), and the subplot was the local biofertilizer source (four levels). The results demonstrated that the number of fill grains was significantly affected by the compost treatment and the type of local biofiller. The effect of the compost dosing was more dominant in comparison with the local liquid organic fertilizer character and its interactions. A compost dosage of four tons ha−1 and a local liquid organic fertilizer, sourced from soaked coconut fiber with cow urine, has been recommended as the combination treatment to optimize the rice and fish yield potential. The Minapadi (rice fish) with additional high composting effectively increased the farmer's outcome with a 2-point R/C ratio, more so than those without composting. Moreover, the compost dosage in this Minapadi study requires further exploration for a better understanding. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Corn is a promising commodity economically for cultivation. A part from not requiring a long harvest time, sweet corn has a high selling value, without a long post-harvest process. The location of the research was conducted in rice fields in Tawangargo Village, Karangploso District, Malang Regency. Altitude ± 749 m above sea level, Inceptisol soil type and moderate tropical climate. The implementation was carried out from December 2019 to July 2020. The research design was carried out using a Complete Randomized Block Design, with 2 factors. Factor 1, is the recommended fertilizer dosage of 3 doses (0, ½ and 1 dose), the second factor is the dose of liquids fertilizer organic (0, 4, 8, and 12 g / l) with 4 repetitions, with intervals once every 7-10 days. Giving 4 ml / l dose of inorganic fertilizer at an interval of once a week, together with 1 recommended dosage of Macro fertilizer affects the growth and yield of sweet corn plants. The highest production per ha in this treatment was 13,339 kg. The highest RAE value is 325.6% in the recommended 1 dose of NPK treatment plus 4 g / l of "liquids fertilizer organic". The economic approach is by calculating the R/C ratio, the treatment with the highest RAE is the R/C ratio of 8.59 with a net income of Rp. 176,785,041. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose The current use of pesticides and chemical fertilizers harms the environment, alternative substitutions using organic materials are needed. One of them is utilizing the dairy industry sludge waste to become a Super Liquid Fertilizer (SLF). This study aimed to analyze the nutrient quality of SLF (a dairy industry sludge waste that was added to some the microbial activators). Method The types of microbes and the number of nutrients in pure sludge were identified, followed by composed SLF and applied to the larvae of Spodoptera litura to see the pathogenicity. Data were analyzed using SPSS.26 software. Results The types of microbes that exist in the pure sludge waste of the dairy industry are dominated by Pseudomonas bacteria, as much as 50%. The nutrient content of SLF is appropriate to Indonesia's national standard for liquid organic fertilizer. Analysis of varian (ANOVA) analysis shows that the addition of activator microbe at P3 is the best. The number of microbes in SLF is significantly different (P < 0.05) at each treatment, where P3 is the best treatment. The pathogenicity of SLF is also good, as evidenced by the motility of the Spodoptera litura reaching 98% in the P5 treatment for 96 hours. Conclusion This research has succeeded in producing SLF with the nutritional value of nutrients that are close to the Indonesian Ministry of Agriculture. The number of bacterial colonies in SLF is more than 106 CFU/mL, especially in the P3 treatment. SLF can kill Spodoptera litura caterpillars in a time period of 46 hours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research identifies the use of Chemical Fertilizers will increase sharply during 2022 and create tension between supply and demand. This is not in line with the company's offer to buy community agricultural products. In the Lemoe sub-district, Parepare City, one of the reasons for the scarcity of fertilizer is the increasing amount of community agricultural land for corn production. Therefore, this research-based assistance aims to overcome community problems and assist the community through the farming community in solving the problem of scarcity of chemical fertilizers by utilizing corn husk waste in locations to become material for making organic fertilizer. The service method uses the Asset Based Community Development (ABCD) approach. The presence of this approach makes the community through the community as the agent of change itself. The results of the assistance are in the form of Organic Fertilizer products that are ready to be used by the community. In the future research-based assistance, assistance is needed to the farming community in the marketing process for organic corn products produced, so that they can reach Indonesia and abroad. This research based mentoring activity is important for public health. With market value which of course will be proportional to the level of health obtained by the buying community or consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peanut is a plant food with high economic value because of their nutritional content, especially protein, and high fat. The nut land needs from year to year continue to increase in line with the increase in number population, nutritional needs of the community, food diversification, and increasing feed and food industry capacity. The present study aimed to determine the effectiveness of bio-organic fertilizers in producing local peanuts (Wadaga) from Muna Island, Indonesia. The randomized block design (RBD) was done with 12 bio-organic fertilizer treatments (T1 to T12) based on arbuscular mycorrhiza fungi (AMF) and cow manure fertilizer (CMF). The variables were viz. pod weight, total pod number, filled pod number, percentage of empty pods, seed number, the weight of 100 seeds, dry seed weight, and productivity were observed. The results of the study showed that the highest average pod weight (55.0 g), total pod number (50.3 pods), filled pod number (46.3 pods), and seed number (84.3 seeds) occurred with the treatment of T8: A2B1 ( AMF 10 g per plant + CMF 3 kg per plot). The highest average productivity was obtained with T3: A0B2 (without AMF + CMF 6 kg per plot) as 3.97 tons ha-1. The use of mycorrhizal fungi combined with organic fertilizers can improve the growth of peanut plants which has a positive impact on their production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia's corn harvest area is decreasing so that corn production is also decreasing. The use of suboptimal land can be done to increase the harvested corn area by adding nutrients with organic fertilizers. One of the organic fertilizer ingredients is corn cob waste. The aim of the study was to examine the role of corn cob fertilizer on the growth, yield and nutrient uptake of corn. The study used a completely randomized block design with one fertilization factor with six levels, namely chemical fertilizers and corn cob organic fertilizer at a dose of 2.5, 5, 7.5, 10 or 12.5 tons/ha. Corn cob organic fertilizer has met the standard as an organic fertilizer with an organic C content of 62.21% and organic matter of 85.71%, ranking it in the high category. The total nitrogen is 1.44%, total phosphate is 1.43% and total potassium is 2.17%. Corn cob organic fertilizer had an effect on the leaf area index, root length, levels of chlorophyll a and chlorophyll b, weight of 100 seeds, cob diameter and phosphate uptake. Doses of 12.5 tons/ha produced the highest changes in chlorophyll a and b, root length and phosphate uptake. Phosphate and potassium uptake correlated with plant biomass and root length. Therefore, the results of the present study suggest that corn cob organic fertilizer is able to support the growth, yield and nutrient uptake of corn in sub-optimum land. Several gaps and research priorities in soil fertility have been identified, which need to be addressed in the future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Buah Ketakasi is a cooperative founded by a community of coffee farmers in Jember district. Initially, the cooperative business unit involved was coffee agribusiness with 64 permanent members and 12 extraordinary members. The cooperative business unit expanded into coffee industrial agriculture, chicken and goat farm, dragon fruit cultivation, and organic fertilizer production. The number of permanent members has also increased to 182 people and extraordinary members to 300 people. This cooperative had problems including planning work programs, organizing resources, division of work, implementing work programs, monitoring and evaluating them. The offered solution to solving managerial problems of the cooperative was a mentoring program on how to plan a work program; how to organize resources, division of work, strategies for implementing work programs and monitoringevaluation up to the reporting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Indonesian rice production balance has managed to show a slightly consistent surplus recently, in the period of 2010 to 2021, but the country has continued to import rice to secure its rice reserve. The country has also made some efforts to increase its domestic rice production and, at the same time, faced ecological, socio-cultural, economic, institutional, and technological sustainability challenges. Previous studies on rice sustainability have shown varied results on the sustainability statuses and sensitive factors in Indonesia, yet there have been limited studies identifying key factors systematically. To provide more solid empirical evidence on this subject, a study to expand the scope to other sites with an additional analysis of the key factors is perceivably needed. This study aims to verify the sustainability status and identify sensitive factors as well as key factors for increasing rice production. The primary data were collected by interviewing officials from various agencies at the central and regional levels and several discussion groups of 40 participants, including farmers. In addition, secondary data were also collected from various ministries/agencies at the central and regional levels. Data analyses use a set of indicators, i.e., the Multidimensional Scaling (MDS) approach and the Matrix of Cross Impact Multiplications Applied to Classification (MICMAC) approach. The results show that the multidimensional sustainability status of increasing rice production in Bandung district is moderate, whereas sustainability status per dimension shows variations from poor to moderate. Fourteen out of 50 attributes are identified as sensitive factors influencing the sustainability of rice production. Six key factors are found to influence the sustainability of rice production. The study concludes that the sustainability status of increasing rice production in Bandung district is moderate, with variation across dimensions. The sustainability of increasing rice production in the study site is influenced by those 14 sensitive factors and those six key factors. This study recommends a number of major policies/programs to increase the sustainability of rice production, which are as follows: implementation of the Regional Spatial Plan, promotion of the application of best practices of farming management (organic fertilizers and pesticides), promotion of the use of agricultural machinery, and provision of farmer assistance for pre-harvest and postharvest production facilities, as well as farm financing. Future research should expand study sites to some other rice production centers with different attributes to enrich our understanding of the subject of rice sustainability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many farmers use organic fertilizers to preserve the environment, but unfortunately, it's not as effective as chemical fertilizers. In recent years, the discovery of plant growth-promoting rhizobacteria (PGPR) has gained some attraction. PGPR have abilities to promote plant growth efficiently, including corn plants. Corn (Zea mays L.) is a staple food needed in large quantities. Our results show that some bacteria may have the potential to become PGPR for corn. Corn plant samples were obtained from maize plantations in Bunulrejo district, Blimbing, Malang (Republic of Indonesia). The potential of bacterial isolates obtained from the rhizosphere and endophyte area of corn as PGPR was determined based on several in vitro screening results, including the siderophore production test, indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) phytohormone production test, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) deaminase production test, and phosphate dissolution test. Five isolates contained the best potential to become PGPR, namely E6.2, E3.1, E4.2, R4.2, and R2.1. Later, E6.2 and E3.1 were known to be able to fix nitrogen and produce siderophores, IAA and ACC deaminase. Based on the sequencing results, the R2.1 isolate was considered Bordetella muralis, the E3.1 isolate was identified as Cellulosimicrobium cellulans, while the R4.2, E4.2, and E6.2 isolates belonged to Serratia nematodiphila. These isolates could be used as potential inoculants for biofertilizers for better agricultural practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The agricultural sector in Indonesia is famous for its abundant natural products and soil fertility. The agricultural sector provides the largest contribution as a supporter of food security. The socio-economic condition of the community is one of the determining factors in supporting the agricultural sector. Sheep is one of the potential animal natural resources cultivated by the people on Kisar Island. Breeders are expected to always be able to improve their knowledge in carrying out various business activities, especially in utilizing the production of sheep dung to be used as organic fertilizer for plants. The purpose of this study was to determine the socioeconomic conditions of farmers, to determine the production of maize using sheep dung, to determine the relationship between the use of sheep dung and maize production on Kisar Island, and to determine the relationship between maize waste feed consumption and sheep productivity on Kisar Island. The results showed that sheep farmers on Kisar Island had low bargaining power, limited capital, and information, but the social conditions of the community in a participatory manner were very good in livestock business activities in the area. Sheep farmers on Kisar Island are always in a low bargaining position in marketing their products, due to capital constraints, long distances from marketing locations, lack of accurate information and pressure on family needs. corn production of 2.98 tons/ha/year. The relationship between the utilization of manure and production shows a nonsignificant relationship (P>0.05) where the use of sheep manure has not contributed significantly to the growth and production of maize, Consumption of corn waste feed with sheep productivity on Kisar Island showed a very significant relationship (P < 0.01) with the contribution of straw waste feed consumption to sheep productivity of 83.70%. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biochar is an important material for soil mineral supply and amendment. Root nodule formation in leguminous plants is also stimulated by biochar. Biochar contains carbon which can be used as an energy source by microbes and contains pores which are suitable for microbial habitat, and it temporarily increases activity of free-living nitrogen-fixing bacteria. Coconut shell biochar can be used as an ameliorant, but the use of single coconut shell biochar can cause a problem such as the use of high dose that will lead into high cost. One of the solutions to solve the problem is to improved coconut shell biochar into formulated biochar (FB) by managing the composition and enrich it with chemical fertilizer's such as dolomite, organic fertilizer compost of sugarcane bagasse and guano. Mixture of formulated biochar (FB) gave better results than single biochar alone on black soybean. When this FB is applied in the field, it can make efficient use of an organic fertilizers in increasing grain yields. This research was conducted to determine the effect of Formulated Biochar (FB) on nodule production, dry matter and productivity of black soybean seeds. The study was conducted for one season in an experiment field in Winaya Mukti University, Sumedang-Indonesia at 850 m above sea level (m ASL). Detam I seed cultivar was used because it has a wide adaptability in Indonesia and has high nutrient composition and yield potential. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design consisting of 5 treatment doses of FB (0, 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 tons ha-1) and replicated 5 times. The responses observed were the number of effective nodules, growth characteristics, production components and productivity of black soybeans. The results showed that the application of FB had a significant effect on increasing the effectiveness of nodule production, dry matter, and productivity of black soybean seeds. The formulated biochar dose of 2.0 tons ha-1 increased the effectiveness of nodule production up to 100% and 44.87% of soybean productivity, while the formulated biochar dose of 1.5 tons ha-1 increased soybean productivity by 38.46% compared to the control. It is therefore concluded that formulated biochar as soil conditioner and soil booster could be used to improve the growth and grain yield of black soybean. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Jarak towo is one of the local varieties of cassava that has uniqueness and characteristics, including a fluffier and more savory taste, a more expensive price and better market opportunities compared to other types of cassava. However, this cassava requires special land criteria to produce abundant and quality tubers. This is related to the land suitability factor. This study aimed to assess land suitability to obtain potential land for the development of jarak towo. It was carried out in Tawangmangu and Ngargoyoso Sub-districts, Karanganyar Regency. This research was explorative-descriptive with a land survey approach. The survey was carried out in four land map units (LMU) based on land use and altitude. The altitude of each area is 1,400 masl (LMU 1), 1,200 masl (LMU 2), 1,000 masl (LMU 3) and 800 masl (LMU 4). Land suitability was obtained by matching soil and land characteristics with the optimum growth requirements of jarak towo cassava. The results showed that not all land in the Ngargoyoso and Tawangmangu Sub-district was suitable for the development of jarak towo. Some land and soil parameters were at a marginal level, making them a limiting factor for land suitability and affect the growth, quantity and quality of cassava tubers. The limiting factor will reduce production or double the required input. Land in the study area was marginally suitable (S3) and not suitable (N) for jarak towo. The limiting parameters for cassava cultivation were low temperature, low organic C, steep slopes, low P2O5 and K2O and shallow soil. Several locations that had the potential for the development of jarak towo cassava were LMU 2, 3, and 4 in Tawangmangu and LMU 3 and 4 in Ngargoyoso with additional improvement efforts. Improvements that could be made were the application of a well-constructed bench terrace and the addition of organic fertilizers combined with P and K fertilizers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil fertility is the most crucial aspect of the sustainability of agricultural land productivity. As an agricultural country, Indonesia is closely related to agricultural activities and soil fertility. This scientific paper analyzed the boundary of subak, soil fertility condition, which will later be used as a guide for agriculture land conservation. Subak is a traditional Balinese farmer organization that aims to manage water irrigation and rice cropping patterns in paddy fields. Boundary subak agricultural land is determined by participatory mapping method, involving farmers. Soil fertility data were analyzed through field and laboratory surveys. The condition of the limiting factors for soil fertility in each mapping unit is then used as the basis for managing and conserving agricultural land. The result showed that area of subak in agriculture land is 2,177.33 ha divided into 65 Subaks. Soil fertility status in each Subak is grouped into two soil fertility statuses (medium and high). Therefore, it is necessary to carry out integrated soil conservation, such as returning plant residues into the soil periodically and adding organic matter and fertilizers containing P and K elements in single fertilizers and compound fertilizers. Adding P and K compound fertilizers is needed to support optimal land productivity and increase the CEC value of the soil. Types of organic matter can be applied to the soil by returning crop residues, manure, and composting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Increasing soybean (Glycine max L.) production in dry land can be done through intensification using organic and inorganic fertilizer. The aim of the study was to evaluate the optimization use of organic and inorganic NPK fertilizers on soil and soybean productivity on dry land. The experiment was arranged in a randomized complete block design with three replications on dry land in Gresik, East Java, Indonesia. The treatments evaluated were 12 dosage combinations of ZA (ammonium sulphate), SP-18 (super phosphate-18), KCl (potassium chloride), and chicken manure. The study was conducted on dry land without and with 5,000 kg cow manure/ha. The soybean seed used in this research was Argomulyo. The results showed that (1) application of 5,000 kg cow manure/ha increased the yield of Argomulyo soybean variety by 0.21 t/ha (9%), (2) application of 100 kg KCl/ha + 50 kg ZA/ha + 100 kg SP-18/ha + 5,000 kg cow manure/ha, and 50 kg ZA/ha + 2,500 kg chicken manure/ha + 5,000 kg cow manure/ha increased soybean yield by 0.95-1.38 t/ha (50-74%), (3) application of 100 kg KCl/ha increased P uptake by 68%, Ca uptake by 60%, and Mg uptake by 54% compared to without fertilizer, (4) application of 50 kg KCl/ha + 2,500 kg chicken manure/ha increased N uptake by 48%, application of 50 kg ZA/ha + 100 kg SP-18/ha increased K uptake by 117%, and application of 50 kg ZA/ha increased Ca uptake by 60% compared without fertilizer, and (5) application of 5,000 kg cow manure/ha improved the physical properties of the soil by reducing soil bulk density by 7% and soil penetration by 37% and increasing soil permeability of 2.20 cm/hour from 1.78 cm/hour to 3.98 cm/hour. Soybean cultivation of the Argomulyo variety on dry land in Gresik requires the addition of organic cow manure 5000 kg/ha plus ZA fertilizer 50 kg/ha + chicken manure 2500 kg/ha or ZA fertilizer 50 kg/ha + SP-18 100 kg/ha + KCl 100 kg/ha to increase yield 0.95–1.38 t/ha and improve soil physical fertility. This study gives the information that the use of organic and inorganic fertilizer is an alternative technology that is required to maintain and increase the productivity of soybean and soils in dry land to support sustainable soybean cultivation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Every country in the world, including Indonesia, is confronted with the problem of waste and is attempting to find viable solutions. The majority of recycled waste is inorganic waste, while there is also organic recycled waste, and the remaining 60-75% of waste is dumped in a landfill. By utilizing waste and by-products, bioconversion with black soldier fly (BSF) larvae could be a solution to help overcome the problem of organic waste; these larvae can also be used as a protein source in animal feed and in organic fertilizers rich in nutrients. The use of BSF as a decomposer of organic waste, specifically Black Soldier Fly Fertilizer (BSF Frass), and the liquid resulting from the bioconversion process, called micro bio stimulant (MBS), can be used to promote plant growth. The goal of this study was to assess how BSF Frass affected plant growth when compared to Synthetic fertilizers. Corn and Pak Choiwere the test plants that were planted in the field. The results showed that giving 50% BSF Frass to the tested plants resulted in better growth and development than the control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aimed to investigate an effect of organic fertilizer applied to rice in the first planting season for unfertilized soybean as second crop followed by inorganic and biofertilizer applied in the third season on soybean growth and yield under the rice-soybean-soybean cropping pattern in 2016/2017. The main plot was organic: (1) without organic amendment, (2) 10 t·ha−1 of chicken manure, and (3) 10 t·ha−1 precomposted rice straw. The subplot was inorganic N and P fertilizers and commercial biofertilizer (consisting of Rhizobium, nitrogen-fixing bacteria, and P-solubilizing bacteria) applied at planting of soybeans in the second dry season: (1) control (no inorganic and biofertilizer), (2) 50 kg urea ha−1, (3) 100 kg SP36·ha−1, (4) 50 kg urea + 100 kg SP36 ha−1, (5) biofertilizer, (6) biofertilizer + 25 kg urea ha−1, (7) biofertilizer + 75 kg SP36 ha 1, and (8) biofertilizer + 25 kg urea + 75 kg SP36 ha−1. Soybean planted on the first dry season after rice harvested was not fertilized (untreated). The results showed that the chicken manure amendment increased grain yield of soybean in the second season, i.e., from 1.03 t·ha−1 (without organic amendment) to 1.27 t·ha−1, an increase of 23%. There was no effect of rice straw on soybean grain yield. In the third season, however, the residual effect of straw compost or chicken manure increased soybean grain yield by 8% and 20%, respectively. Both straw compost and chicken manure also showed a positive effect on the use of inorganic and biofertilizers in increasing soybean productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Oil palm industrial waste has caused serious pollution to the environment, especially to the air environment, due to the release of Nitrogen oxide (N2O), methane (CH4) and carbon dioxide (CO2) gas. In addition to polluting the air, these three gases have caused global warming, which increased the average temperature of the earth's surface due to excessive concentrations of greenhouse gases. This study aims to analyze the effect of using Empty Fruit Bunches(EFB) compost on the cost of fertilizer use at PT Eastern Sumatra Indonesia, the effect of using EFB compost on productivity at PT Eastern Sumatra Indonesia and the effect of using EFB compost on GHG values at PT Eastern Sumatra Indonesia. This study uses secondary data. The data needed is the cost of using organic and inorganic fertilizers, oil palm productivity, GHG values from 2014-2019 per semester. The results showed that the use of EFB compost as organic fertilizer had a significant effect on the cost of using fertilizer at PT Eastern Sumatra Indonesia. However, it has no significant effect on productivity. Yet, the use of EFB compost as organic fertilizer has a significant effect on GHG values in PT Eastern Sumatra Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to identify the optimum rice stem cutting size combined with the application of Seprint liquid organic fertilizer (SLOF) to promote the growth and yield of ratoon rice. This research was conducted in a greenhouse at the Faculty of Agriculture, University of Muhammadiyah Sumatera Utara, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia, from January to August 2018. The experiment was set up as a completely randomized design factorial with four replications. The first factor consisted of the cutting sizes of the rice stem (R1 = 5 cm, R2 = 10 cm, and R3 = 15 cm) and the second factor involved the SLOF dosage (S1 = 5 mL L−1, S2 = 10 mL L−1, and S3 = 15 mL L−1). The parameters were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA), and the means were determined by Duncan’s multiple range test (DMRT). the results showed that the R2 treatment significantly increased the ratoon rice height at 10 to 30 days after cutting (DAC), the number of tillers at 40 to 60 DAC, the number of productive tillers, and the yield per hectare. The S2 and S3 applications at significantly increased the yield per hill and ratoon rice height at 20 DAC. The R2S1 and R2S2 combination treatments significantly increased the number of filled grains per panicle and the ratoon rice height at 10 DAC. Cutting the stems at 10 cm combined with various dosages of SLOF resulted in greater growth and yield of ratoon rice for achieving an adequate food supply. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rice plants are commonly cultivated in a grid system with a plant spacing of 25 cm x 25 cm. The modification of spacing to increase nutrient uptake by providing plant free area (PFA) for better air circulation and sunlight distribution needs to be further studied. This study examined the differences in NPK uptake and rice growth in organic farming using the grid system and the cropping system with longitudinal rows given space in between. The distance between plants within a row is 12.5 cm, and the distance between rows is 25 cm. A PFA of 50 cm is given for every two rows of rice plants. The before-mentioned cropping system is called Jarwo 2:1. The fertilization treatment for both rice cropping systems was the same, which is a mixture of cow manure and neem compost (1:1) at doses of 0, 3, 6, and 9 ton ha-1. The research data are presented in tables and graphs to show the effects of modification of the rice cropping system on the nutrient uptake. The results showed that the Jarwo 2:1 provided a higher N, P, K uptake compared to the Grid system. The provision of PFA had an impact on increasing the number of tillers, the number of productive tillers, and the number of panicles. The best fertilizer application was at a dose of 9 tons/ha-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Erosion is one of problem threatens the soil resource caused soil degradation. Applying the ridges system and organic fertilizer contributes to suppressing runoff and erosion. This study aims to determine the effect of applying different ridges system and the organic fertilizer on the runoff, soil erosion, nutrients loss of soil, nutrient enrichment ratio, starch content, growth, and yield of cassava on 12.5% slope land. The research was conducted at the field experiment, University of Lampung, under a humid tropical climate. This study used a Randomized Complete Block Design, which was arranged factorially with two factors, ridges system and organic fertilizer (organonitrofos) and four replications. Factor one is consists of G1 (ridges in the same direction with the slope) and G2 (ridges in the opposite direction with the slope), while factor two is consists of P0 (Organonitrofos 0 tons/ha) and P1 (Orgononitrofos 20 tons/ha). The results showed that the application of the ridges in the opposite direction with the slope significantly reduces the runoff 42.63%, soil erosion 61.68%, and suppress nutrient loss of N-total by 61.85%, P-available by 57.92%, K-total by 80.41% and C-organic by 61.22%, compared to ridges in the same direction with the slope. However, ridges systems do not give a significant difference to starch content, growth, and cassava yield. Physical obstacles formed by ridges in the opposite direction with the slope will force water to infiltrate into the soil so that the runoff rate, erosion, and nutrients loss can be reduced significantly. In reverse, the organic fertilizers do not affect all variables. The ridges system and the organic fertilizer did not significantly affect the starch content, growth, and yield of cassava. That caused by the application of synthetic fertilizers at the same dose (standard dose for planting cassava) in each experimental unit that fertilizer already enough to grow optimally. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia contributes 2% of maize (Zea mays L.) production on the global scale, making it the sixth largest producer in the world. Maize is grown mainly (89%) in rainfed areas. In agriculture management, rainfed areas have problems, such as lack of water and nutrient availability. This study aims to identify the role of organic amendments and NPK fertilizer in rainfed land management. The research was conducted in Karanganyar regency, Central Java, Indonesia, with an average temperature of 30 - 31 °C, relative humidity of 86%, and rainfall around 2100 mm year-1. The experiment was carried out during May - August (dry season). The experiment consisted of 5 treatments: (i) control (CO); (ii) compost fertilizer (CF); (iii) straw mulch (MC); (iv) legume cover crop (CC), and (v) NPK fertilizer (AF), and was arranged in a randomized complete block design with 4 replicates. The results showed compost and mulch can increase soil organic carbon (62 and 9.8%, respectively), organic matter (62 and 9.8%, respectively), plant height, cob weight, and biomass (30 and 18%, respectively). On the other hand, legume cover crops have an adverse effect on the growth and yield of maize, due to nutrient competition between them. NPK fertilizer treatment has the highest value for growth and yield of corn crop, at 179.6 cm and 83.4 g, respectively, followed by compost, mulch, control, and legume cover crop, because NPK fertilizer can supply all nutrients, which are easy for the plants to absorb. Treatment compost 20 t.ha-1 can give the same result as NPK fertilizer 15-15-15 200 kg.ha-1 in plant growth and production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In 2020 the volume of waste in Indonesia will increase fivefold. Approximately 91.83% of the people in the Astambul village was still throwing garbage in the river. Also, the organic waste produced by fruit trees reaches 500 kg/day even though almost all household did not have garbage disposal outside the house, which is 74 households (87.06%). Wrong littering behavior is due to the lack of management specifically that handle the garbage problem in Astambul and Kelampayan Ilir Village. This study aims to create a sustainable integrated management program for the community, namely the hydrokura method which is the development of organic compost as a local potential by utilizing waste to be effective and developing the life skills of the Astambul's people by performing organic compost as fertilizer for hydoponic plants such as vegetables and fruit. The results that have been achieved are already carried out counselling in the Astambul village with the theme of making organic compost and manufacture of bio-activator and activities of composting with takakura and planting hydroponic techniques from simple composting activity results. The output of this activity is increased knowledge by 78% and self-management commitment and formation of cadre organizational structures to increase life skills of the hydrokura [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Green waste (GW) is an important fraction of municipal solid waste (MSW). The composting of lignocellulosic GW is challenging due to its low decomposition rate. Therefore the use of fungi inoculum as a decomposer inducer on GW composting needs to study. The purpose of this study was to explore the potential of the compost induced by cellulolytic (Aspergillus fumigatus) and ligninolytic fungi (Geotrichum sp.) inoculum application on vegetative growth of red chilly plants (Capsicum annuum L.). This research was conducted in the green house of the Faculty of Agriculture the University of Lampung, Indonesia. Completely Randomized Design was adopted with five treatment dose of cellulolytic and ligninolytic compost amandmend of 0%, 10%, and 20% each (K= control, S1= Cellulose 10%, S2= cellulose 20%, L1= Ligninolytic 10% and L2= ligninolytic 20%). Parameters observed were plant height, dry weight, relative water content and chlorophyll of a, b and total. The results demonstrated that compost induced by cellulolytic fungi (Aspergilus fumigatus) and ligninolytic (Geotrichum sp) produced the optimal effect on growth parameters across all treatments. The compost application could increase significantly plant height, dry weight, relative water content. But not the chlorophyll content of a, b and total. The maximum measurements of plant height, dry weight, relative water content was achieved by S2, L2, L2, K and L2 treatments respectively. These results suggest that the inoculum induced compost has bene cial impacts for the use as organic fertilizer to enhance vegetative growth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia is the fifth largest cocoa-producing country in the world, and an increase in cocoa farming efficiency can help farmers to increase their per capita income and reduce poverty in rural areas of this country. This research evaluated the efficiency of Indonesian cocoa farms using a non-parametric approach. The results revealed that the majority of cocoa farms are operated relatively inefficiently. The average technical and allocative efficiencies (0.82 and 0.46, respectively) of these cocoa farms demonstrated that there is potential for improvement. The potential cost reductions range from 36 to 76%, with an average of 60%, if farmers practice efficiently. The technical and allocative efficiencies and cocoa farm economies are affected by the use of quality seeds, organic fertilizers, frequency of extension and training of farm managers, access to bank credit and the market, the participation of women, and the farm manager’s gender. An increase in the output would increase farmers’ income and reduce poverty in rural areas. This research suggests that the availability of extension and training provided to farmers as well as support for women farmer groups should be increased. Credit programs are also important for cocoa farmers, so policymakers should develop programs that make production credit more accessible for farmers, especially through cooperatives and banks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, environmental preservation and the back-to-nature approach to living have become a great lifestyle. The conditions for making organic rice have received a significant amount of attention in the rice market. The study of production efficiency will become substantial to the improvement of organic rice farming to fulfill rice demand. This study investigates the relevant variables which affect the production efficiency of organic rice. The Sumber Ngepoh is one of the largest districts in the rice-producing province of Indonesia. The production stochastic frontier function and the cost stochastic dual frontier is utilized to analyze the data. The technical, economic and allocative efficiency is analyzed to determine the significant variables. Moreover, the socio-economic variables are also investigated. The averages of the technical, allocative and economic efficiencies are 54.3%, 52%, and 31.3%, respectively, which are categorized as inefficient production. The averages indicate that organic rice farming in the Sumber Ngepoh District is not optimal and needs to be optimized. The results show that land, seed, organic fertilizer, organic pesticide, and hand tractor variables have a significant effect on organic rice production. The socio-economic variables which significantly affect all efficiency levels are farm size, experience, and family member. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides that can disrupt health and environment has encouraged the development of organic cultivation systems. The objectives of the study are to identify the effectiveness of the implementation of the Standard Operational Procedure (SOP) of organic rice. In addition, it also aims to analyze the technical efficiency and the factors that affect the technical inefficiency of organic rice farming. The research was conducted under a survey design located in Bantul, Special Region of Yogyakarta. Census sampling was applied to all organic rice farmers who joined the union farmer group named ‘Mitra Pertanian’ as the respondents. The Cobb-douglass frontier production function was used to analyze the technical efficiency. The results show that the level of effectiveness of SOP implementation of organic rice farming by farmers was high that equals to 71.26%. Factors production area of land, seed and manure have significant effect on the production of organic rice with positive coefficient, while petroganic fertilizer has significant effect with the negative coefficient. The average level of technical efficiency of organic rice farming in Bantul Regency is 0.71, which means that the organic rice farming in Bantul Regency is efficient enough. To improve the technical efficiency of organic rice farming, farmers are suggested to use more organic fertilizer. Meanwhile, the level of farmers’ education shows significant effect on technical inefficiency in the organic rice farming. On the other hand, farmers’ age, farming experience and the land status do not significantly affect the technical inefficiency. Therefore, in organic rice farming, it is necessary to increase knowledge and skills through non-formal education rather than that of through formal one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The impact of excessive use of chemical fertilizers and pesticides that can disrupt health and environment has encouraged the development of organic cultivation systems. The objectives of the study are to identify the effectiveness of the implementation of the Standard Operational Procedure (SOP) of organic rice. In addition, it also aims to analyze the technical efficiency and the factors that affect the technical inefficiency of organic rice farming. The research was conducted under a survey design located in Bantul, Special Region of Yogyakarta. Census sampling was applied to all organic rice farmers who joined the union farmer group named ‘Mitra Pertanian’ as the respondents. The Cobb-douglass frontier production function was used to analyze the technical efficiency. The results show that the level of effectiveness of SOP implementation of organic rice farming by farmers was high that equals to 71.26%. Factors production area of land, seed and manure have significant effect on the production of organic rice with positive coefficient, while petroganic fertilizer has significant effect with the negative coefficient. The average level of technical efficiency of organic rice farming in Bantul Regency is 0.71, which means that the organic rice farming in Bantul Regency is efficient enough. To improve the technical efficiency of organic rice farming, farmers are suggested to use more organic fertilizer. Meanwhile, the level of farmers’ education shows significant effect on technical inefficiency in the organic rice farming. On the other hand, farmers’ age, farming experience and the land status do not significantly affect the technical inefficiency. Therefore, in organic rice farming, it is necessary to increase knowledge and skills through non-formal education rather than that of through formal one. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]