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The Etawah crossbreed goat is a dual-purpose type of goat that can adapt well to tropical regions in Indonesia. The current research aimed to evaluate the effects of adding coconut water to citrate egg yolk diluent on the spermatozoa quality parameters (motility, viability, and abnormality) of the Etawah crossbred goat at the physiology and reproduction laboratory of animal husbandry, Jambi University (Indonesia). The research employed a randomized block design on Etawa crossbreed goats aged around 2-3 years with an average weight of 12 kg per head in six groups. The treatments included 100% citrate diluent of egg yolk without adding coconut water (P0) as a control, 90% citrate diluent of egg yolk + 10% coconut water (P1), 80% citrate diluent of egg yolk + 20% coconut water (P2), 70% citrate diluent of egg yolk + 30% coconut water (P3), 60% citrate diluent of egg yolk + 40% coconut water (P4). The parameters evaluated in this study included viability of spermatozoa, spermatozoa motility, and spermatozoa abnormalities. The five treatment tubes were stored in a refrigerated cabinet at 5°C for 2 days. After this period, semen quality assessment was assessed microscopically. The percentage of live spermatozoa was determined using a staining technique. The spermatozoa motility was assessed based on their ability to move. Abnormal spermatozoa were calculated based on the number of abnormal spermatozoa compared to the total number of spermatozoa. The results of the study showed that the addition of 20% coconut water to the 80% citrate diluent of egg yolk (P2 treatment) reduced the rate of decline in spermatozoa viability and did not increase the number of spermatozoa abnormalities significantly, compared to other groups. There was no decrease in the viability of Etawah crossbreed goat spermatozoa during 2 days of storage at 5°C in all groups. Therefore, it was concluded that coconut water could be added up to 20% into the egg yolk without any significant negative effects on spermatozoa quality parameters evaluated in the current study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

As an export commodity, rubber is a major contributor to Indonesia's foreign exchange. Regarding the increase in rubber production, a study on combinations of growth regulators and rubber clones has been carried out based on plant growth and anatomical characteristics during the immature plant period. This research is conducted for eighteen months at the KSO Karang Inong plantations, PTPN-I, and PTPN-III, East Aceh District, using five clones. This study adopts a nested design with three factors: clones, Growth Regulators (GRs), and paclobutrazol. The clones used are PB 260, IRR 104, IRR 112, IRR 39, and 105. The GRs combination factor between IAA and Kinetin consists of seven levels and three levels of paclobutrazol. The results show that the rubber clones PB260 and IRR105 give higher stem girth and plant height than the other clones when applied with GRs at six different levels. The most expansive leaf area is found in clone IRR 104 compared to other clones. In addition, paclobutrazol affects plant height. Applying paclobutrazol can reduce plant height for all clones but increases stem girth, skin thickness, number and diameter of latex vessels, and total chlorophyll at 46 months after treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Controversies surrounding the handling of corpses have been amplified during the present COVID-19 pandemic. According to Indonesian scholars, certain perspectives driving these controversies inhibit the implementation of health protocols issued by the government. This study comprehensively explores the diverse perceptions and responses of religious leaders regarding COVID-19 funeral management. Participants comprised six scholars from major Islamic religious organizations, two community leaders, and two families representing COVID-19 patients. Furthermore, content analysis was used to analyze the data. The results showed that the religious leaders, all men aged over 50 years, supported the health directives designed to reduce high transmission risk. However, there were substantial disparities in corpse preparation processes, potentially due to organizational beliefs around burial rites. Some religious leaders aligned their protocols with their religious beliefs. Conversely, families of the deceased insisted that the approved protocol for handling corpses went against their religious and cultural values. Therefore, promotion of protocols and coordination among the government, religious leaders, and the community are needed to decrease the misperceptions and misinformation surrounding the new COVID-19 funeral protocols. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Heart failure has been one of the emerging diseases in terms of prevalence, morbidity, and mortality, which cause a physical and psychological impact on society. Anxiety was found as the most common issue among them. Inadequate anxiety management leads to the treatment compliance, aggravate functional status, prolonge hospitalization and increase mortality rate, thus effective management is essential. The present study was to investigate the impact of a safety exercise of the six-minute walk in reducing anxiety level among heart failure patients. A quasi-experimental study was performed at a cardiovascular outpatient of the acute care setting in Indonesia. The anxiety level of respondents was measured by using the Zung Self-rating Anxiety Scale. A descriptive and paired t-test was performed for data analysis. Fifteen heart failure outpatients enrolled in the study, most were male with the maximum age of 78 years. More than half of respondents experienced anxiety during pre-test in the first week of this program, then their anxiety level reduced after a moth implementation of the six-minute walk. This study provides baseline information reflecting the effectiveness of the six-minute walk in reducing anxiety level among heart failure patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dengue virus (DENV) infection is a major cause of acute febrile illness in Indonesia. Diagnostic inaccuracy may occur due to its varied and non-specific presentation. Characterization of DENV epidemiology, clinical presentation, and virology will facilitate appropriate clinical management and public health policy. A multicenter observational cohort study was conducted in Indonesia to assess causes of acute fever requiring hospitalization. Clinical information and specimens were collected at enrollment, 14–28 days, and 3 months from 1,486 children and adults. Total of 468 (31.9%) cases of DENV infection were confirmed by reference laboratory assays. Of these, 414 (88.5%) were accurately diagnosed and 54 had been misdiagnosed as another infection by sites. One hundred initially suspected dengue cases were finally classified as 'non-dengue'; other pathogens were identified in 58 of those cases. Mortality of DENV infection was low (0.6%). Prior DENV exposure was found in 92.3% of subjects >12 years. DENV circulated year-round in all cities, with higher incidence from January to March. DENV-3 and DENV-1 were the predominant serotypes. This study identified DENV-1 with TS119(C→T) substitution in the serotyping primer annealing site, leading to failure of serotype determination. DENV is a common etiology of acute febrile illness requiring hospitalization in Indonesia. Diagnostic accuracy at clinical sites merits optimization since misdiagnosis of DENV infection and over-estimation of dengue can negatively impact management and outcomes. Mutation at the annealing site of the serotyping primer may confound diagnosis. Clinicians should consider following diagnostic algorithms that include DENV confirmatory testing. Policy-makers should prioritize development of laboratory capacity for diagnosis of DENV. Dengue is a mosquito-borne viral disease whose global incidence has increased dramatically in recent decades. Infection with any of the four serotypes can cause subclinical to life-threatening illness. Indonesia and other subtropical regions are hyper-endemic, thus are at increased risk of disease impact. We conducted a multicenter observational cohort study of acute febrile illness requiring hospitalization in children and adults in Indonesia from 2013–2016. Epidemiology, clinical course, and virology of dengue were assessed. Dengue infection is the main cause of hospitalized acute febrile illness in Indonesia. DENV serotypes 1–4 circulated throughout the study period, with highest overall rates in January to March. We observed DENV-1 with TS119(C→T) substitution in the serotyping primer annealing site that caused failure of routine detection. Diagnostic accuracy at clinical sites merits optimization. Clinicians should consider following diagnostic algorithms that include DENV confirmatory testing, while policy-makers should prioritize development of laboratory capacity for diagnosis of DENV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aims and objectives: To examine the level of perception of the quality of discharge teaching and its associations with the readiness for hospital discharge among surgical patients in acute care hospitals. Background: Discharge teaching is a primary strategy to facilitate patients' readiness for hospital discharge. The extent to which the surgical ward was perceived as providing patient‐focused education when discharged has never been explored. Its impact on a patient's readiness is also unknown in the Indonesian context. Design: A correlational descriptive study was used to collect data from four hospitals in Indonesia. Methods: Ninety‐six surgical patients who were in the discharge process enrolled in this study. The demographic form, the quality of discharge teaching scale (QDTS) and the readiness for hospital discharge scale (RHDS) were utilised for data collection. Data were collected from January–February 2018. Descriptive statistics and Spearman rank‐order correlation were applied for data analysis. Results: The discharge teaching quality was perceived as being at a low level. The readiness for hospital discharge was reported to be at a moderate level. Overall, the discharge teaching quality was not statistically associated with the patients' readiness. However, positive correlations were found in QDTS and RHDS subscales such as content received and delivery, knowledge, coping ability and expected support. Patient's readiness for hospital discharge was also greater for those who had a caregiver, a short hospital stay, a health insurance and occupation. Conclusions: Surgical patients perceived a low quality of discharge teaching, which may decrease their readiness for hospital discharge. Relevance to clinical practice: This study provides baseline information reflecting the patient learning needs in discharge preparation to guide surgical nurses for improving the discharge teaching quality and enhancing the patients' readiness for hospital discharge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Earlier discharged from hospital in the intermediate state leads nurses play a vital role in preparing patients's readiness for discharge. Patient education is important and often requires the discharge teaching quality. However, only few studies have focused on nurse's perception towards the discharge teaching quality particularly in surgical ward. Aims: To examine the perception of surgical nurses toward the quality of discharge teaching. Methodology: A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in surgical nurses who were purposively selected from general surgical units of four public hospitals in Indonesia. The quality of discharge teaching scale was used for data collection. Descriptive statistics were applied for data analysis. Results: The quality of discharge teaching perceived by surgical nurses was at a moderate level both in the content and delivery subscale. Most of participants had completed a diploma. Their experience in nursing practice was almost a decade with experience in discharging patients was about seven cases per day. A verbal and teach-back instruction was the main method used with an average teaching time of a half hour. Conclusion: This study indicated an area for discharge teaching improvement. An association between discharge teaching quality and patient's readiness is required for further study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The prevalence of cigarette smoking among adults is persistently high, and among youth is increasing in Indonesia., Objective: This study aims to examine the association between youth smoking behavior and outdoor tobacco adverts near home in Indonesia., Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional survey of 3,557 students in North Sumatera during September-November 2020. The main independent variables include seeing tobacco advertisements near home, near school, on social media. The outcome variables included ever smoked and smoked in the last ten days., Results: We found significant associations between exposure to outdoor tobacco adverts near home and youth smoking. High school students who reported seeing tobacco adverts near home were 1.42 times more likely to smoke and 2.29 times more likely to smoke in the last ten days. Moreover, students at private schools (a proxy for higher income) exposed to tobacco adverts near home were 1.56 times more likely to smoke and 2.93 times more likely to smoke in the last ten days., Conclusion: Exposure to outdoor tobacco advertisements near home is associated with smoking among youth in Indonesia. Comprehensive tobacco control efforts are needed, including through a ban of outdoor tobacco adverts.