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Moringa oleifera L., commonly known as Kelor in Indonesia and miracle tree in English, has a rich history of utilization for medicinal, nutritional, and water treatment purposes dating back to ancient times. The plant is renowned for its abundance of vitamins, minerals, and various chemical constituents, making it a valuable resource. Among its notable pharmacological properties are its effectiveness as an anti-diabetic, anti-diarrheal, anti-helmintic, anti-leishmanial, anti-fungal, anti-bacterial, anti-allergic, anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, and anti-oxidant agent. In this comprehensive review, we delve into the extensive pharmacological applications and phytochemical constituents of M. oleifera and its application in dental health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moringa oleifera Leaf Meal (MOLM) has the potential as a protein source that might replace soybean meal. In Indonesia, soybean meal is an imported commodity whose price is high. This study aimed to analyze the use of MOLM to substitute soybean meal in complete ration on the consumption of nutrients, digested nutrients, digestibility nutrients, N balance, hematology, and ADG of Javanese Thin-Tailed Ewes (JTTE). Fifteen JTTE 2-3 years old were divided into three different levels of MOLM treatment with 5 replications. The complete ration consists of 60% concentrate and 40% Dried Ipomea Aquatica Straw (DIAS) as a source of fiber. The concentrates used are soybean meal, corn meal, pollard, copra meal, and MOLM. The composition of the treatment rations: (T1) 0% MOLM + 60% concentrate + 40% DIAS, (T2) 10% MOLM + 50% concentrate + 40% DIAS. (T3) 20% MOLM + 40% concentrate + 40% DIAS. Treatment feed was given for 2 months as much as 4% of body weight/day, and drinking water was given ad libitum. The collected data included feed consumption, feed refusal, blood, faeces, urine, and body weight. The results showed that sheep received 10% MOLM levels of increase (P<0.05) DM, OM, CF, ETN, and TDN consumption compared to controls. However, the levels of 20% decrease (P<0.05) DM, OM, CF, ETN, and TDN consumption compared to controls. Compared to controls, the 10% MOLM increase (P<0.05) digested nutrients DM, OM, ETN, and TDN. Compared to controls, the level of 10% MOLM increase (P<0.05) ETN, and TDN digestibility coefficient. Sheep that received a 10% MOLM increase (P>0.05) balance N and nitrogen retention compared to control. The 10% MOLM level increase (P<0.05) ADG compared to the 20% level and control (120 vs. 106 vs. 112 g/head/day). Sheep treated with 10% MOLM increased (P<0.05) white blood cells (WBC) than controls and those treated with 20% MOLM (10.5 vs. 6.40 vs. 7.20). It could be concluded that the level of 10% MOLM (20% soybean meal substitution) in a complete ration based on Dried Ipomea Aquatica Straw (DIAS) has a better effect on nutrient consumption, digested nutrients, retention N, hematology and ADG of JTTE. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Moringa plants from the Moringa oleifera species are widely cultivated and used by residents in tropical regions, including Indonesia. Indonesians generally in rural areas use this plant as food and traditional medicine. The development of knowledge followed by the results of recent experiments, shows that all moringa organs contain secondary metabolite compounds that are beneficial to humans, especially as a source of good nutritious nutrition, anti-allergic, anti-inflammatory, antihistamine, anticancer, and able to increase the body's immunity. The cultivation of moringa as yard plants in housing is still not popularly carried out by urban residents. In addition to functioning as a source of food, medicine, it is also able to function ecologically for the surrounding environment. The adaptation of growing moringa in an altitude area is quite wide, ranging from 0-1000 m above sea level. This study, conducted in March-April 2022, aimed to analyze the type of diversity and concentration of secondary metabolite compounds in the moringa leaf organs planted at two different altitudes, including the origin of housing in Turangga Village, Bandung City at an altitude of 696 masl and the origin of housing in Kenjeran Village, Surabaya City at an altitude of 4 masl in Indonesia. The analyses of moringa leaf extract through a QP-2010 type chromatography tool identified more phytochemical diversity than those from Bandung, including carbinol, methyl cyclopentane, n-Hexane, neophytadiene, hexa decane, pronalol alaniol, methyl palmitate, and eicosyne. Meanwhile, moringa leaf extract from Surabaya, the dominant type of carbinol was identified, followed by acetic acid, and methyl hydroxylate. The results of the analysis recommend that moringa is effectively used as urban farming to meet food sources, while improving the ecological quality of the surrounding environment. Meanwhile, to improve the quality of phytochemical diversity, it is recommended that the cultivation of moringa should be in moderate rainfall areas with average daily air temperatures ranging from 20 ºC to 30 ºC and high soil moisture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Among the traditional herbal medicines and products, very few have been marketed for conventional use in dental care because of limited publication data. Moringa oleifera (MO), an indigenous plant from Indonesia, exhibits antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory properties, rendering it beneficial in the treatment of gingival diseases. Objective: The objective of the study is to assess and compare the effectiveness of 4% MO gel and 1% chlorhexidine (CHX) gel as an adjunct to scaling and root planing (SRP) in the treatment of moderate-to-severe gingivitis. Materials and Methods: Thirty individuals, aged between 18 and 55 years, who presented with moderate-to-severe gingivitis, were randomly allocated into two groups: the test group (MO) and the control group (CHX). Following the completion of SRP, the test group received 4% MO gel, while the control group received 1% CHX gel for local application twice daily over a span of 15 days. Clinical parameters including the plaque index, gingival index, and papillary bleeding index were assessed and recorded at baseline, on the 15th day, and on the 30th day. Results: Statistical analysis was done using Student's t-test. On intragroup comparison, statistically significant difference was observed in the parameters while on intergroup comparison, no significant difference was observed both on the 15th and 30th day. Conclusion: MO gel when applied along with SRP in cases of gingivitis, it exhibits effects that are comparable to those of CHX gel, indicating that it may be utilized as an herbal substitute for CHX. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Consumed fructose enters enterocytes of the intestinal epithelial apical membrane mediated by glucose transporter 5 (GLUT5). Aim: To determine the effects of Lombok Island's local Moringa leaf powder on reducing liver fructose levels and GLUT5 expression in the small intestine of albino rats (Rattus novergicus) fed a high-fructose diet. Methods: Moringa leaf (Moringa oleifera) was obtained from Lombok Island, Indonesia. Subsequently, 30 male albino rats (R. novergicus) were used, divided into the normal group (NG), treatment group 1 (T1G), treatment group 2 (T2G), Quercetin group (QG), Moringa group (MG). Quercetin and moringa leaf powder (M. oleifera) was administered at 50 and 500 mg/kgbw for 28 days. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (Elisa) method was used to examine liver fructose levels. The observation of GLUT5 expression in the small intestine was performed by the Immunofluorescence method. Results: The ANOVA test proved that there are significant differences (p < 0.005) in liver fructose levels in all groups. Further post hoc tests show no significant difference (p > 0.005) in liver fructose levels in rats fed a high fructose diet in T1G and T2G with QG and MG rats. However, Moringa leaf powder reduces liver fructose levels by 32.1% and 17.2% in T1G and T2G rats, respectively. The ANOVA test showed a significant difference (p < 0.005) in the expression of GLUT5 in all groups. Further post hoc tests showed a significant difference (p < 0.005) in the expression of GLUT5 in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum between the NG and the T1G rats. Meanwhile, in T2G rats, significant differences were only found in the jejunum. Moringa leaf powder reduces GLUT5 expression in T1G rats by 44.5%, 59.5%, and 57.2% in the duodenum, jejunum, and ileum, whereas in T2G rats is by 33.5%, 50.2%, and 48.1%, respectively. Conclusion: The administration of local moringa (M. oleifera) leaf powder in Lombok Island had an effect on reducing GLUT5 expression in the small intestine, however, did not in liver fructose levels of albino rats (R. novergicus) fed a high-fructose diet. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Indonesia is a country with high biodiversity of more than 20,000 plant species, and 35% of them are identified as having health benefits. Moringa oleifera is one plant that almost all of its parts have been used as nutritional supplements and traditional medicines. Moringa leaves contain nutrients, antioxidants, and bioactive substances that have anti-inflammatory, wound healing, and anti-anemia properties.Purpose: This study aimed to investigate the hematological effect of Moringa leaf powder in male Wistar rats under normal conditions.Methods: Twenty-four male Wistar rats strain (Rattus norvegicus) 9− 10 weeks old and 250− 275 grams were divided into four groups (n=6), normal as a control group and three other groups were given Moringa leaf powder at doses 200, 400, and 800 mg/kgBW during 12 weeks. Blood samples at week 12 were administered to determine blood count.Results: The results of this study showed differences between the various doses of Moringa leaf powder for each hematological profile. These differences were more significant for MCH parameters that indicated a decrease in the D800 group compared with the control group.Conclusion: In conclusion, this study revealed that the consumption of Moringa leaf powder for 12 weeks did not have a significant change in the hematological profile, except for the MCH value that revealed a modification. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The moringa plant (Moringa oleifera Lam.) is a member of the Moringaceae family that grows in Indonesia. The use of moringa plants in food production, animal feed, pharmaceutical manufacturing, and the cosmetics industry are just a few of their many advantages. The development of moringa plants in Indonesia has not been carried out because it is still constrained by the absence of a mother tree and a source of moringa seed gardens. This study aims to identify morphological characters and production potential in two populations of moringa plants. The research was conducted in August 2021 in East Flores District, East Nusa Tenggara Province. The research was conducted by determining the selected mother tree (SMT), observing morphological characters, and seed production. Exploration of selected parent trees was carried out using a survey method on two moringa plant populations in Tiwatobi and Harubala villages. Observations of plant morphological characters were carried out on quantitative and qualitative characters. The production potential is carried out by estimating the production of moringa seeds in each population. The results showed that there were 19 SMTs in the first population and 29 SMTs in the second population. 27 morphological characters have been observed, with the potential for seed production in each population of 314,554 seeds and 529,538 seeds per year. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Soil chemical components from different locations produce different macro-micro nutrients, phytochemicals compounds, and biological activities of the plant. This study aims to see whether soil chemistry from three different areas namely coastal, geothermal, and urban areas affect the phytochemical components and chemical compounds contained in Moringa (Moringa oleifera) leaves Soil chemical analysis showed that the coastal area had the highest macro-micro nutrients and the best phytochemical and chemical compounds of moringa leaves than those of the other two locations. The moringa leaves phytochemical compounds of the coastal area consisting of alkaloids, saponins, flavonoids, steroids, and phenolics. The GC-MS profile of moringa leaves from the coastal area contained 28 compounds, a geothermal area of 27 compounds, and an urban area of 24 compounds. Of all these chemical compounds, there are six similarities with the highest order namely Linolenic acid, 9,12,15-octadecatrienoic acid, Ethyl ester, Vitamin E hexadecanoic acid, Phytol, and neophytadiene. In conclusion, Moringa leaf from the coastal area has the highest concentration of soil chemical components, phytochemicals, and a number of compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: According to WHO, stunting is a state of heightfor- age index below minus two standard deviation. However, the condition could be prevented by giving suitable complementary food to babies and toddlers. Moringa leaves are rich in vitamins A, C, B6, as well as calcium, potassium, iron, as well as protein, and are therefore used as complementary foods for breast milk, in baby feeding. Design and Methods: Instant porridge was developed using three formulas. Each formula comprised Moringa leaf flour (5, 6 and 7 grams each) combined with 30 grams of oatmeal powder, 40 grams of powdered formula, 10 grams of refined sugar, and 5 grams of banana flour. Results: Based on the organoleptic test, Formula 3 (created with 5 grams of Moringa leaf flour) was discovered to be the best. The organoleptic evaluation panel consisted of 3 trained and 30 untrained participants, while the statistical results showed the parameters of colour, texture, and taste, have no significant effect on panellists’ acceptance. Conclusions: The flavour parameter has a significant effect on panellists’ acceptance, with a p-value <0.05. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Oral cancer as a malignancy ranks the fifth most common cause of death in Indonesia and is one of the six incidents in the Asian continent with 274,300 new cases each year. Oral cancer is the second largest in the world with an incidence of 7.6 million deaths in 2014. One of the herbal ingredients is Moringa oleifera which has high nutritional content in all parts. This material makes them effective as a treatment for cancer, including oral cancer. Objective: To explore the benefits of Moringa oleifera as a herbal treatment for oral cancer. Methods: In this systematic review, the articles search was performed on Google Search and Pubmed. Studies published on 2010-2020. 130 were articles assessed, including 115 articles from the electronic databases, 0 from the manual hand search. 60 records screened, 50 records excluded, 40 full-text articles assessed for eligibility and 15 full text articles included. Result: There are 15 articles about Moringa oleifera as a herbal treatment for oral cancer. Conclusion: Based on 15 articles show that Moringa oleifera has potential as herbal treatment for oral cancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nowadays, stunting is one of the main focuses of the national development priorities in the health sector. The prevalence of stunting in Indonesia is 30.7% (Riskesdas, 2018) and the prevalence is above tolerance by WHO, which is ≤ 20%. According to the results of the South East Asia Nutrition Surveys (SEANUTS, 2017), around 24.1% of boys and 24.3% of girls in Indonesia are stunting. The prevalence of stunting in West Sulawesi Province is 38.2%, the second-highest in Indonesia, and the District of Mamuju at 47.26% based on the results of Monitoring Nutrition Status in 2017. One of the efforts to prevent stunting is developed food products, such as the potential of Moringa Oleifera seeds as a supplement for children and will be developed into PMT for children under five. As basic research, the aim of this study was to analyze water and microbe contents of Moringa Oleifera seeds flour and cookies with Moringa Oleifera seeds flour substitutions of 10% and 15%. This research is Randomized design by grouping the experimental units into homogeneous groups. The manufacture of flour and Moringa Oleifera seeds cookies was carried out in the laboratory of Health Polytechnic of Mamuju and the examination of water and microbe contents was carried out at the Makassar Health Laboratory Center. Water and microbial contents of Moringa Oleifera seeds flour and cookies with 10% and 15% substitution of Moringa Oleifera seeds flour were in accordance with SNI standards. Further research is needed to analyze the effect of complementary food with substitution of Moringa Oleifera seeds flour on the nutritional status of children under five. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: As an extraordinary plant, moringa oleifera is nutritios plant which is also a source of medicine having content different from other common plants. Moringa also contains all elements of essential amino acids. Moringa is believed to have potential to decrease malnutrition, hunger, increase breast milk volume as well as prevent and heal various diseases due to its nutritious content. Objective: This literature study aims to obtain input regarding the effect of moringa oleifera on the life outcome of the pregnant and breastfeeding mothers in Indonesia. Method: The literature review was conducted through Google scholar and electronic database of PubMed, Clinical Key and Springer. The keywords of Moringa oleifera, pregnancy, galactogogue, breastfeeding, nutrition, health and diseases were used to search original research or literature review on both open access English national and international journal. As many as 24 articles published in 2009 to 2019 were reviewed and synthesized using unsystematic narrative review, obtaining suitable 26 articles and unsuitable 14 articles. Results: This research found that moringa oleifera is good for pregnant and breast feeding mothers. Conclusion: As one of alternative plants, Moringa oleifera is believed to have potential in decreasing malnutrition, hunger, preventing BBLR, increasing breast milk volume and quality, increasing HB level and preventing anaemia which commonly happens among the pregnant mothers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia is endowed with an immense biodiversity that can be used as protein sources. One of these is Moringa oleifera tree that is locally known as Kelor. The seeds of this plant can be used as a protein source, an effective coagulant for water purification, a natural absorbent, and an antimicrobial treatment. Kelor seeds are known to contain fibers, proteins, carbohydrates, and vitamins. The objectives of this study were to identify the optimal solution concentration, determine the yield percentage, and determine the optimal protein content from hydrolytic processes of Moringa seed extraction using Sodium Hydroxide (NaOH) and Hydrochloric Acid (HCl). The hydrolysis took place for 30 minutes at 60o C. The proteins extracted from Moringa seeds were identified with biuret and Braford tests. The NaOH extractions resulted in the highest yield of 12.1% and protein content of 0.43% with 2% NaOH. Whereas those of HCl produced the highest yield of 11.1% and protein content of 9.63% with 1% HCl. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The polyphenols, carotenoids, ascorbic acid, and protein were determined in 24 underutilized medicinal vegetables from Indonesia. Anacardium occidentale, Sauropus androgynus (L.) Merr., and Moringa pterygosperma Gaertn. leaves were rich sources of flavonoids, with 118–144mg/100g fresh weight. Quercetin, kaempferol, and chlorogenic acid were the predominant polyphenols among those measured in vegetables. Polyscias pinnata leaves and Solanum torvum Swartz fruits had the most phenolic acids, with 53 and 36mg/100g, respectively. Moringa pterygosperma had the most carotenoids among vegetables, with 14mg β-carotene equivalents (βCE)/100g. Ascorbic acid content of fresh vegetables was 12.03–494.43mg/100g. A. occidentale, S. androgynus, Ocimum americanum L., Cosmos caudatus H.B.K., and Carica papaya L. (papaya) leaves had more than 100mg ascorbic acid/100g. Thus, a number of underutilized vegetables from Indonesia may be rich sources of functional components including polyphenols and ascorbic acid. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: Teenagers are the second phase in life after the children's phase. The adolescent phase is called the transitional or transitional phase because in this phase it has not gained status as an adult but is no longer a childhood. The adolescent phase is called the critical period, a phase where there are many problems in growth and development, both physically, mentally, and in activities so that the need for food containing nutrients is large enough. Therefore, intervention efforts to improve adolescent nutrition are very necessary. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Moringa Oleifera leaf capsules on eating patterns in school drop-out adolescent girls aged 12-18 years in Polobangkeng sub-district, Takalar Regency, South Sulawesi Province., Methods: The study was a quasi experiment, the design used was Randomized Controlled Double-Blind Pre-Posttest. This research was conducted in Polobangkeng Utara Subdistrict, Takalar Regency, South Sulawesi on March 15, 2020 to May 23, 2020. The population in this study was all young women breaking up schools aged 12-18 years in Polobangkeng Utara District, Takalar Regency, South Sulawesi Province as many as 75 people. The sampling technique uses simple random sampling. Data were analyzed using the McNemar and Man Whitney tests., Results: Moringa leaf extract capsules of respondents who had a good diet before the intervention were 40% and less than 60% but after the intervention had a good diet as much as 100%. The Mc Nemar test p value was 0.004 which the p value α value (0.05) which shows that there is no difference in eating patterns before and after TTD capsule intervention., Conclusion: There is an effect of giving Moringa leaf extract capsules to the diet seen from the average median value in the Moringa leaf extract capsule group is greater than 23 of the TTD capsule group which is 8 in teenage girls dropping out of school age 12-18 years in the North Polongbangkeng region Regency. Takalar, South Sulawesi., (Copyright © 2021 SESPAS. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Objective: The study aimed to assess the composition of MO and honey from different areas in South Sulawesi., Methods: This was a laboratory examination study. Several macro and micronutrients were measured including water, crude protein, crude lipid, Ca, Mg, Na, P, and K. Also, polyphenol and flavonoid were measured., Result: The results showed that variation of water, protein, and lipid in MO were 9.2-9.4%, 24.2-29.8%, and 8.43-9.6% respectively. Meanwhile, the variation of Ca, Mg, Na, P, K in MO were 1.63-2.2%, 0.36-0.53%, 0.18-0.43%, 012-0.22% and 0.67-0.76%, respectively. The variation of polyphenol and flavonoid of MO were 0.24-0.34% and 192-209ppm, respectively. On the other hand, the variation of water, protein, and lipid in different types of honey were 21.1-25.4%, 1.1-1.6%, and 0.01-0.09% respectively. Meanwhile, the variation of Ca, Mg, Na, P, K in honey were 632-1040%, 216-378%, 361-555%, 20-57% and 1570-2848%, respectively. Polyphenol and flavonoids from three different kinds of honey were also varied at 0.06-011% and 14.4-35.8ppm, respectively., Conclusion: We conclude that chemical compositions in MO from three areas were almost similar but they were varied enough in honey which was higher in Trigona sp., (Copyright © 2021 SESPAS. Publicado por Elsevier España, S.L.U. All rights reserved.)

Background: Polyherbal formula (PHF) contains extract of Sauropus androgynous (L.) Merr., Trigonella foenum-graceum L., and Moringa oleifera Lam. considered to induce galactagogue activity. This research aimed to evaluate the galactagogue activity of PHF and its effects on α-lactalbumin (LALBA) as well as aquaporin (AQP) gene expression at messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) levels in mammary glands of lactating rats., Methods: Thirty lactating Wistar rats were randomly divided into five groups (n = 6), each has 7 pups. Group I was treated orally with distilled water as negative control. Groups II, III, and IV were orally administered with PHF at 26.25, 52.5 and 105 mg/kg/day, respectively. Group V was treated with domperidone 2.7 mg/kg/day, orally as positive control. The treatment was performed at third day until fifteenth day of parturition. The observed parameters include the galactagogue activity indicating by milk yield of lactating rats, the pup weight changes and lactating rats body weight changes during lactating period, mRNA expression of LALBA and AQP using quantitative Real Time Polymerase Chain Reaction (qRT-PCR) and histopathological analysis of mammary glands at the end of treatment period., Result: The result showed that the PHF groups (52.5 and 105 mg/kg/day) and domperidone were significantly increased milk production of lactating rats (p < 0.05). The levels of mRNA expression of LALBA and AQPs were significantly upregulated by 105 mg/kg/day of PHF or 2.7 mg/kg of domperidone administration (p < 0.0001). Histopathological analysis of mammary glands shows that alveoli diameter was increase 14.59 and 19.33% at 105 mg/kg of PHF and 2.7 mg/kg of domperidone treatment, respectively., Conclusion: The study suggested that PHF has potentially to induce galactagogue activity on lactating period through upregulation of LALBA and AQP genes at the mRNA level.