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A new, moderately large shell of a fossil species from the family Fasciolariidae Gray, 1853 is described from the Middle Miocene at Bengbreng Hill, West Java, Indonesia. The shell of this new species is related to species of the genus Clavilithes Swainson, 1840. The characteristics of a globular body whorl, low spire, and moderately long siphonal canal, distinguish it from species of the genus Clavilithes that have a fusiform shape, high spire, and usually long siphonal canal. This leads to its placement in a new genus Indolithes new genus. The new fossil species is compared with two other fossil species of Fasciolariidae from Java, Clavilithes fennemai (K. Martin, 1906) and C. verbeeki (K. Martin, 1895). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Macrozoobenthos communities play significant ecological roles in coral reef ecosystems. However, they are frequently overlooked due to their cryptic appearance, and their diversity remains undiscovered, particularly in Indonesia. This comprehensive review of publications on the macrozoobenthos in the coral reef ecosystems of Java - the most populated island in Indonesia, was conducted to compile a species list and gain an overview of its community composition. We also assessed the existence of species that are frequently reported, endemic, protected, and threatened. Data analysis was performed with data from 53 publications appearing from the 1980s to 2022. In total, 482 species belonging to 4 phyla and 9 classes have been recorded. Mollusca is the most speciose phylum (n = 321), followed by Echinodermata (n = 106), Arthropoda (n = 49), and Platyhelminthes (n = 6). Generally, the northern part of Java is well studied and has larger numbers of recorded phyla and species. The highest species number (n = 266) has been recorded off the northern coast of West Java, while there are around 25–99 species in other regions. Echinoderms species such as Culcita novaeguineae, Diadema setosum, Echinothrix calamaris, and Holothuria atra had relatively higher occurrences than other taxa. We also noted the occurrence of giant clam Hippopus hippopus, which is protected by Indonesian law. This review provides fundamental knowledge of macrozoobenthic diversity in the coral reefs of Java, making it available to global audiences. However, it revealed a lack of research on benthic fauna in several areas with moderate to good coral cover conditions. Further research is needed to explore macrozoobenthic species richness in this region thoroughly, and periodic monitoring is essential to provide early warnings of possible changes and biodiversity loss. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Poor prognosis and higher mortality of chronic kidney disease are linked with cultural beliefs and practices. This study explored cultural beliefs and practices of Javanese people with end-stage renal disease undergoing hemodialysis for ≥5 years. Methods: A qualitative narrative inquiry was applied in this study. Data were collected through in-depth narrative interviews, followed by text messages, calls, and audio-visual calls for 6 weeks. Results: There were 14 participants; their mean age was 51.15 years and hemodialysis duration was 5 years and 2 months up to 10 years and 9 months. Four themes emerged: life-and-death acceptance, expectation of end-of-life care, contemplation of withdrawal from hemodialysis, and wishing for a good death. Discussion: Life values guided the ability to survive for the individual. Adherence to renal disease management regimen clashed with cultural values on occasions, such as social gatherings. Therefore, the unmet needs of patients should be addressed with a transcultural approach to modify personal health behaviors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two moderate earthquakes struck the South-Central part of Java Island (in Indonesia's archipelago) with Mw 5.7 and Mw 5.9 on June 06 and June 30, 2023, respectively. Both earthquakes were followed by ~100 aftershocks with widespread and strong impacts along Java Island where some regions suffered several damages. In this study, both earthquake mechanisms were derived from the Bayesian moment tensor inversion and configure a unique faulting with a thrusting mechanism that is striking perpendicularly with the trench in the N–S direction. The results of the hypocenter relocation, using an updated 1-D velocity model, show that the aftershocks of the Mw 5.9 occurred deeper than the interface zone, while the aftershocks of the Mw 5.7 were located shallower above the slab. Both earthquakes can robustly confirm possible evidence of different faulting vertically clustered above the intraslab zone. The Mw 5.9 can be assumed as the backstop system dipping to the east–west direction, while Mw 5.7 is the backthrust system with south-dipping. Furthermore, a broad impact of both earthquakes on the resilience of MMI VI intensity with PGA value > 100 gal can be used to update the mitigation plan for the intraslab earthquake in the near future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines the human toll of the 1944–1945 famine in Java, Indonesia's main island. It estimates birth and death rates for the Indonesian population in Java during 1941–1951. Using the net population loss method, the article approximates a net loss of 3.3 million people during the 1942–1945 Japanese occupation period. This includes 1.8 million excess deaths; 0.7 million during 1944 and 1.1 million during 1945. The remainder are 1.4 million missing births in 1944 and 1945, associated with the malnutrition of women of childbearing ages and physical separation of wives from husbands recruited by Japanese authorities for forced labour. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Rosewoods are among the most valuable traded hardwoods, and there is a significant illegal trade. From 2017 onwards the international trade in all species of Dalbergia rosewood is regulated through the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora. I focus on two species of rosewood that occur in parts of Indonesia, Dalbergia latifolia and D. sissoo, to assess the extent of the illegal trade and to analyse geographical and temporal patterns of wildlife crime. Based on 67 seizure reports from 2014 to 2022 I show that (a) 117 logs of D. sissoo and 4,285 logs of D. latifolia were confiscated, (b) seizures occurred on the islands of Sumatra (16 seizures; 1,190 logs), Java (43; 1,780 logs), and Bali, Lombok, Sumbawa and Timor (8; 1,408 logs), (c) while there was an increase in the number of seizures per year, there were no seasonal differences in seizure activities. For 10% of the logs there was supporting evidence that they were taken from State managed forests and 18% was taken from conservation areas, thus causing more damage than just the removal of individual trees. Seizures in Indonesia over this period equals 0.12 ± 0.04% of the legal rosewood export. The illegal trade is dominated by Indonesians rather than foreign nationals and the direction of trade is towards Java from where > 95% will be exported to China. While policies are in place concerning rosewood seizures and stockpiling (including auctioning or destruction) in practise it is unclear where seized rosewood ends up. When used with caution, analysis of seizure data offers a valuable means to gain insights in illicit activities that normally remain hidden from view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Esensia: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Ushuluddin is the property of Esensia: Jurnal Ilmu-Ilmu Ushuluddin and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The genus Neosimnia P. Fisher, 1884, is reported for the first time from Indonesia in the form of several fossil species, recovered together from the Miocene deposits of Tasikmalaya, West Java. The species described closely resemble their current Atlantic counterparts, of which they exhibit all the modern characteristics. Nevertheless, they are undoubtedly new to science, as no living or fossil specimens of this genus are known from the Indian Ocean or the Western Pacific Region. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper is situated within the discussion of mega-urbanization, a particular urbanization process that entails a large-scale agglomeration. In this paper, our focus is on urbanization in Java, Indonesia's most dynamic region. We add to the literature by investigating the change and prediction of the land use/land cover (LULC) of mega-urbanization in Java. This research uses a vector machine approach to support the classification of land cover change dynamics, cellular automata-Markov (CA Markov), and the Klassen typology technique. This paper indicates that major metropolitan areas are still expanding in terms of built-up areas, generating a larger urban agglomeration. However, attention should be also given to the urbanization process outside existing metropolis' boundaries given that more than half of the built-up land coverage in Java is located in non-metropolitan areas. In terms of future direction, the projection results for 2032 show that the Conservative scenario can reduce and slow down the increase in built-up land on the island of Java. On the other hand, the Spatial Plan (RTRW) scenario facilitates a rapid increase in the LULC of built-up land from 2019. The urban spatial dynamics in Java raises challenges for urban and regional planning as the process is taking place across multiple administrative authorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new species of Bistolida Cossmann, 1920 is described fromthe Miocene of theCibalong area, Tasikmalaya Regency of western Java, Indonesia. Morphological analyses of theshell dimensions, outline, extremities, aperture shape, and apertural teeth shows a combinationofcharacters that are typical of the genus Bistolida. Although the genus has not previouslybeenreported from Java, its presence in the Miocene fossil record is supported by the six specimens that are shown here. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesia is the country with the largest archipelago in the world, with a total of seventeen thousand islands. The term 'maritime nation' has actually been surging through stories of local wisdom (culture), but during the colonial period, the term lost its original significance and Indonesia came to be treated as if it were an agrarian country. This paper shows that Indonesian maritime society contains various inherited values of religiosity, including myths, legends, folklore, and oral traditions about marine cosmology. Folklore, myths, and legends have an important position in society, not only referring to cultural traditions but also containing religious or theological values that are closely related to the identity of the Indonesian nation. This paper studies the mythical figure of Nyi Roro Kidul who is considered the sea guardian. The legend surrounding the figure of Nyi Roro Kidul can serve as an important trope to develop a contextual Javanese eco-pneumatology [Holy Spirit] and help address some of the contemporary ecological issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Sunan Kudus is one of the Walisongo (the nine revered saints of Islam in Indonesia) figures with a particular way of delivering his teachings. To adapt to the community when conveying the teachings of Islam, he employed art and culture as a medium, established architectural foundations, and established social harmony, so much so that the people of Kudus became relatively untouched by horizontal conflicts. This article aims to explore the cultural adaptation models carried out by Sunan Kudus, find the underlying life principles he utilized, and analyze the thoughts and value principles he maintained within the conceptual framework of self-relationship and self-other relationship. The current research is a field study supported by literary data. The research results of this study indicate that he carried out approaches to the community by emphasizing attitudes of mutual respect, humility, and capacity to benefit the surrounding environment. He demonstrated ways of gaining public sympathy through caution and gradual progress. He entered the community's life, approached the community members, and understood the things they needed. He applied a cultural approach and technology to help the community fulfil its needs. Prioritizing fostering tolerance among them, he highly encouraged the promotion of community approach that avoided the use of violent means. This study complements the literature on Sunan Kudus about the concept of self-other. This is a new finding concerning the life concepts of Sunan Kudus in his relationship with others, with these concepts functioning as a means for him to win the hearts and minds of the people of Kudus to follow the teachings of Islam and to consider him as a role model. The study results have yet to reveal the concept of self-other in terms of the relationship between human beings (Sunan Kudus) and other creatures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

"The Continuity of Pre-Islamic Motifs in Javanese Mosque Ornamentation, Indonesia" by Hee Sook Lee-Niinioja explores the transition between Hindu-Buddhist and Islamic eras in Java, Indonesia, focusing on the persistence and adaptation of architectural ornaments. The research reveals that the process of adopting Islam in Java did not replace previous identities but rather retained Javanese identity while incorporating Islamic traditions. The book emphasizes the concept of "local genius," which refers to the ability to adapt foreign cultural elements to local conditions and create novel cultural identities. The volume provides a quantitative and qualitative analysis of Javanese Islamic ornamentation and serves as a valuable resource for art historians and those interested in Southeast Asian architectural design. [Extracted from the article]

Currently, gall rust is the most important disease of Falcataria moluccana in Indonesia. The gall rust pathogen was identified as Uromycladium falcatariae, in a recent study using molecular approaches. However, the molecular study of the F. moluccana gall rust pathogen from Indonesia has not been reported. Therefore, the study aimed to analyse this through molecular phylogenetic of the internal transcribed spacer‐5.8S rDNA (ITS), the cytochrome oxidase 3 (CO3) gene and the gene encoding the large ribosomal subunit (LSU) as well as analyses of its spore dimensions and number of striae. For this purpose, isolates of the gall rust pathogen of F. moluccana were collected from three provinces in Java and one province in Sumatra. The average of spore lengths and the widths varies, with the isolate from Bengkulu, having the largest spore dimension. For the number of striae, isolate from Central Java had a wider range compared with other isolates. Phylogenetic analysis of ITS, LSU and CO3 sequences using maximum likelihood revealed a genetically distinct group of the gall rust pathogen of F. moluccana originating from the various provinces in Indonesia with isolates from the Philippines and Timor Leste. The gall rust pathogens may have evolved to adapt to a populations of F. moluccana in Java. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article calls attention to problematic effects of the so-called "ontological turn" that now gains ground in academic anthropology, especially the entailments of perspectival multi-naturalism. I argue that a consistent embrace of this approach challenges public anthropology at its core. The irrealist grounding of perspectival multi-naturalism encourages withdrawal from both analysis and engagement, rendering the application of anthropological knowledge dubious. In order to counter this development, I suggest a reorientation in terms of realist principles, notably those of Roy Bhaskar's critical realism. The diverging theoretical and ethical implications of these approaches are exemplified through a discussion of threats to health and life in Java, Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Time Geography is a boundary-oriented approach to understanding human activity in space and time. In this study, this concept is implemented to identify the daily activities of Women Headed Household (WHH) and their survival strategies in drought disasters and to understand their root causes through analysing capability, coupling, and authority constraints. This research starts to fill the gap in knowledge of the Time Geography in "Gender and Disaster". The combination of Time Geography's daily diary technique with in-depth interviews is used to understand the constraining and enabling conditions in local contexts. The results show that the socio-economic characteristics of WHH in Gunung Butak Hamlet, Java, Indonesia, tended to be homogeneous and formed a pattern of daily activity with low variation. Likewise, their strategy in dealing with drought. The three geographical constraints faced by WHH in this hamlet are interrelated and do not stand alone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This contribution explores a specific form of knowledge used by a pilgrim leader on the island of Java which constitutes the basis of his religious legitimacy and political agency. By locating the source of his knowledge in his personal relationships with the ancient kings of Pajajaran, the pilgrim leader creates a position from where he can criticise the contemporary political and religious leadership of Indonesia. He builds the authority for this position on his direct communication with the ancestors, and by demonstrating his ability to infuse various objects and material forms with powers to obscure the distinction between past and present. The pilgrim leader's knowledge facilitates access to the power of water for pilgrims in various ways. Relationships with specific ancestors are established and validated through nocturnal 'possessions' and detailed knowledge about the spiritual landscape of Sancang, including the powerful springs of Sumur Tujuh. The ethnography is based on several pilgrimages in West Java, but especially focuses on one occasion when water played a crucial role in blurring the demarcation between the living and the dead, between humans and spirits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Following the discovery of hominin fossils at Trinil (Java, Indonesia) in 1891 and 1892, Eugène Dubois named a new species, now known as Homo erectus. Although the main historical events are well-known, there appears to be no consensus regarding two important aspects of the naming of the species, including what constitutes the original publication of the name, and what is the name-bearing type specimen. These issues are addressed in this paper with reference to original sources and the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature. Our review confirms earlier studies that cite the published quarterly fieldwork report covering the 3rd quarter of 1892 as the original publication naming the species erectus. However, until recently, the correct publication year of 1893 has consistently been cited as 1892, and it has rarely been recognized that the author of the publication was anonymous, even though the author of the species is specifically named. Importantly, Dubois assigns all three hominin fossils found at Trinil up to that moment to the new species, explicitly stating that they belong to a single individual. The three fossils, a molar, a calotte, and a femur, therefore jointly constitute the original holotype. However, the femur most likely derives from younger strata than the other hominins and shows fully modern human-like morphology, unlike subsequently discovered H. erectus femora. Moreover, there is no consensus over the affinities of the molar, and if it is H. erectus rather than an extinct ape, there is no evidence that it belongs to the same individual as the calotte. Excluding these two fossils from the holotype, the calotte is the appropriate fossil to retain the role as name-bearing specimen. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article compares contract farming with share tenancy, another labour regime in which smallholder farmers are bound by contract to deliver produce to another, usually more powerful party. Based on research in the Javanese village of Kaliloro, we explore contracting and sharecropping as labour regimes, each with their own specific mechanisms of surplus transfer from producers to non‐producers. The cases compared are sharecropping of irrigated rice, contract farming of watermelon, and contract farming of poultry. There are important differences in how labour inputs are organized, how decisions are made, how costs are divided between landowner/contractor and farmer, and in the mechanisms of surplus transfer between the contracting parties. Exploring these differences allows us to understand and compare the role of the two labour regimes in the penetration of capital into the rural economy. Neither contract farming nor share tenancy are in themselves "win‐win" or "win‐lose" relationships, good or bad for small‐scale cultivators. The actual balance of burdens and benefits—often contravening the provisions of written contracts or state regulation—is determined by power relations between the contracting parties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Marasmius jasingensis (Agaricales, Marasmiaceae), is described as a new species from Haurbentes, the artificial Dipterocarpaceae forest in West Java, Indonesia. The new species is distinguished by having a small basidiomata with orbicular, pale orange pileus, distant lamellae, a stipe being absent or rudimentary, Rotalis-type cheilocystidia, pleurocystidia, and pileipellis cells. Morphologically, it is similar to M. sejunctus, M. conchiformis, M. spaniophyllus Berk., M. sessiliaffinis and M. griseoroseus. Comprehensive descriptions, illustrations, and comparisons with similar taxa are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To overcome various problems, the practice of shamanism has gained popularity in Javanese society. The belief of the society in this practice is increasing, mainly because of the involvement of the kyai (an honorific title of the Muslim clergy), who serves as a shaman. The kyai, in this regard, uses Qur'anic verses in his mantra. This study aims to reveal how the use of the Qur'anic verses is interpreted and legitimised in the practice of shamanism amongst the Javanese community. This article concluded that what people understand about the heresy practice of shamanism as it is considered contrary to religious law or shirk (idolatry) is not proven. The practice of shamanism carried out by santri or kyai has normative arguments and theological legitimacy from the Qur'an and books of salaf scholars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Indonesian seismicity provides important insights into the tectonics and hazards of a region that is, characterized by a remarkable diversity in faulting, including subduction, extension, thrusting, and strike‐slip faulting. We present a synthesis of Indonesian seismotectonics by documenting the distributions of hypocenters (≥M 4.6) and focal mechanisms (≥M 5.0) over ∼20 years, quantifying seismicity rates, and comparing observed seismicity trends with recent tectonic and tomography models. Of the 20,622 events ≥M 4.6 observed in the study region, ∼77% are shallow (≤70 km depth) and of magnitudes 70 km depth traces subducting slabs with geometry consistent with tomography models. Seismicity rates increase in the Mantle Transition ZoneShallow seismicity generated by diverse faulting is consistent with regional tectonic and faulting models, posing seismic hazards [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Jurnal Ilmiah Islam Futura is the property of Jurnal Ilmiah Islam Futura and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This paper examines the influence of animism and SufiIslam in Java. It will show that the accomodating approach of Sufism and its tolerance of syncretism was a factor in the spread of Islam in Java. It will be argued that this syncretism also opens a place for certain local forms of interreligious tolerance and prepares for what is known in Indonesia as pancasila. Many modern versions of secularism while porporting to be accomodating to religion have become hostile to religious belief. But Indonesian forms of secularism and pancasila emerge from these deeper religious roots, which are often overlooked. Nowadays, with greater global influence, this syncretism and religious tolerance is under threat. This paper will suggest that an appreciation of the Sufi and syncretic origins of Indonesian thought can serve to strengthen modern understandings of pancasila and secularism. This can work to mitigate hostility and sectarianism. By maintaining itself as an approach which harmonizes with Western concepts of secularism, yet with a deeper religious framework, Indonesia can maintain a tradition of toleration, which respects multiculturalism and religious pluralism in resistance to more intolerant relgious movements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Irrigation & Drainage is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Indonesia is home to the Javan Leopard (Panthera pardus melas) and the Sunda Clouded Leopard (Neofelis diardi), both of which are threatened by habitat loss, human-wildlife conflict issues and the illegal wildlife trade. Leopards and clouded leopards are threatened by the illegal wildlife trade across their range, however, very little is known of the illegal trade in these two species in Indonesia, or of the efforts made to tackle this crime. Both the Javan Leopard and Sunda Clouded Leopard are protected species in Indonesia and both species are listed in Appendix I of the Convention on International Trade in Endangered Species of Wild Fauna and Flora (CITES), meaning commercial international trade is generally prohibited. To better understand the trade, and efforts to end this trade, we collected records of seizures and prosecutions relating to Javan Leopards and Sunda Clouded Leopards in Indonesia for the period 2011-2019. Despite both species being protected by law, this study reveals the prevalence of extensive poaching, illegal domestic trade and international trafficking of both species. A total of 41 seizure records were obtained from 2011 to 2019, which was estimated to amount to approximately 83 animals, which likely represents only a fraction of the total number of cases and therefore the risk may be substantially greater. Approximately half of the cases resulted in successful prosecution and of these, the highest sentence given was 2 years in jail and a fine of IDR50mil (~USD3300). The majority of the penalties handed down for these crimes were far below the maximum potential penalties and are unlikely to be effective deterrents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Given the ecological crisis in Indonesia, the churches must implement an ecclesiological reconstruction based on the church as an ecological community and on the understanding that the churches are an inseparable part of Indonesian society and cultures which emphasise respect for nature, while at the same time reconstructing their identity in the Christian faith tradition rooted in the Triune God, faith in Christ as Saviour, and an eschatological dimension. Ecclesial praxis will promote ecological awareness among church members, involvement in conservation efforts and in making public policies related to ecological issues. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Both migratory Oriental Honey-buzzard (Pernis ptilorhynchus orientalis) and migratory giant honeybee (A pis dorsata dorsata) can be found in South-east Asia. The Oriental Honey-buzzard is the main predator of the giant honeybee, prey upon its honeycomb, larvae, and honey. Its existence always follows the migration of the giant honeybee. They stay on Java island during the migratory season. The giant honeybee lives in a large colony and has a powerful sting that is useful for defence against its predators. The bee is among the most dangerous animals since its threatening defensive behavior causes severe impact on the eagle and is even frequently fatal for human beings. Data collections on hunting behavior of the Oriental Honey-buzzard were based on irregular observations and interviews between the year 2003 to 2019. We categorized five hunting behaviors during data collections: flying orientation around the bee's nest, attack on living nest, failure to collect the living nest, preying upon the newly empty nest, and transferring attack of the angry bee to people nearby. The safest hunting for the Oriental Honey-buzzard is to prey upon newly empty nest left by the honeybee. When the nest was still occupied by the bee colonies, the eagle should develop a strategy to avoid and reduce the risk of being attacked. It sometimes transfers the attack to people nearby. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emerging from two periods of fieldwork in Java, Indonesia, this article draws on participant observation and in-depth, semi-structured interviews to address the co-production of queer Muslim spaces and subjectivities through the everyday practices of queer Muslims. What do queer religious geographies mean in this context? Approximations to this question are offered through an exploration of the lived realities of queer Indonesian Muslims who move between their queerness and religion engaging in commute and integration processes. By studying the domestic sphere, religious spaces and participation in LGBTIQ-rights NGOs, I reflect on the possibility to conceptualize agency from within certain degrees of submission to norms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper investigates social vulnerability to floods at the municipality level on Java. First, we selected a set of social vulnerability indicators and aggregated into two indices; the socioeconomic vulnerability index (SEVI) and the built environment vulnerability index (BEVI). Second, we mapped two indices to identify the most vulnerable municipalities and examined in their spatial patterns using cluster analysis. The distribution of the SEVI and BEVI revealed municipalities with high scores, thereby identifying the places that should be given the most attention. Third, we analyzed the relationship between the economic losses from floods and the vulnerability indicators using a multiple regression model. This analysis has revealed that socioeconomic status and accessibility to basic infrastructure were associated with the economic losses from floods. Finally, we presented practical adaptation options based on the identified vulnerability characteristics and subsequent areas. This study contributes to strategic and informed decisions for emergency preparedness by integrating both index and regression methods to present local-level adaptation measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The new serranid fish Chelidoperca flavolineata is described on the basis of 22 specimens from Indonesia (southern coast of Java, eastern Indian Ocean), in depths of 115–210 m. Literature records indicate that the species also occurs off northern Australia. The new species is most similar to Chelidoperca investigatoris (Alcock 1890) (known from the Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal) in having the head and body entirely pinkish with a distinct yellow stripe from the snout tip to the caudal-fin base when fresh. However, C. flavolineata can be readily distinguished from the latter, having 4 (3 full-sized plus 1 half-sized) scale rows between the lateral line and middle of the spinous dorsal-fin base [vs. 3 (2 full-sized plus 1 half-sized) in the latter]; the lower and upper lobes of the caudal fin reddish and yellowish, respectively, and ca. 4 small reddish blotches on the dorsal margin near the caudal-fin base when fresh (retained as dark brown blotches in preserved specimens) (vs. both lobes uniformly yellowish to reddish without blotches). Moreover, C. investigatoris is characterized by an extremely large head, its length 45.0–46.5% of SL (vs. 37.2–39.8% of SL in C. flavolineata); longer upper-jaw, its length 20.1–20.2% of SL (vs. 16.8–19.3% of SL); longer postorbital, its length 26.2–27.0% of SL (vs. 17.9–19.9%); and a broader interopercular spine, its width 5.5–5.7% of SL (vs. 3.6–4.8% of SL). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new species of the clawed lobster genus Nephropsis Wood-Mason, 1872, collected recently by the South Java Deep-Sea Biodiversity Expedition (SJADES 2018) off the southern coast of Java in Indonesia, is described. The new species is closely related to Nephropsis carpenteri Wood-Mason, 1885, but differs in the shapes of the carinae and groove on the carapace, as well as in the spination and relative length of the pereopods. The large sequence divergence in the barcoding gene COI also supports the recognition of the new species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We have investigated the local shear wave splitting of 30–300 km depth earthquakes from 38 BMKG stations between 2009 and 2020 to determine upper mantle dynamics beneath the Central and East Java (CEJ) region, Indonesia. A total of 2338 measurements is obtained and divided the analysis into two focal depths, i.e., shallow (≤ 100 km) and deep (100 – 300 km) events. (1) Both individual station measurements and spatially averaged data using shallow events (≤ 100 km) show the trench-perpendicular fast direction in the northern CEJ region. Thus, anisotropy in this domain may be associated with the downdip subduction-induced 2-D corner flow in the mantle wedge allowing A-type olivine fabric to develop. Meanwhile, the trench-parallel fast directions in the southern CEJ region may reflect some possible causes of anisotropy: the presence of a serpentinized mantle wedge that promotes the development of B-type olivine fabric and anisotropy through alignment of the melt pockets. We also suggest a change in the hydration state of the subducting slab can cause the predominant trench-perpendicular fast directions in the eastern CEJ region. (2) For deep events (100 – 300 km), fast directions are relatively trench-parallel in the eastern CEJ region and trench-perpendicular in the western CEJ region, suggesting the presence of fossilized anisotropy and 2-D mantle flow-induced anisotropy, respectively. • Upper mantle anisotropy in the CEJ region is derived from local SWS analysis. • Trench-perpendicular ϕ -s in the north correlate with the mantle flow direction. • Trench-parallel ϕ -s in the south indicate changes in olivine fabric geometry. • Stress and structural effects lead the high anisotropy near the subducted seamount. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A post-event survey of an extreme swell was conducted along the south coast of Java, Indonesia, where swells in the high wave season are likely to intensify in the long term. The measured runup heights varied from 4 to 6 m along the long straight coastline, which were comparable to those observed during the 2006 Pangandaran earthquake tsunami. The damage to the coastal communities was, however, found to be of a minor to moderate level as coastal inundation was confined to a narrow strip on the shore due to the steep subaerial topography of the coastal areas. The characteristics of the extreme swell event were analyzed using the long-term wave reanalysis dataset created by the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The results suggested that the extreme event was the highest one over the past 40 years, whose return period is approximately 100 years even though the long-term increasing trend was taken into account. Through a cross-correlation analysis of the wave data, the primary swell source area was identified in the extra-tropical region of the southern Indian Ocean, where strong westerlies developed energetic swells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study analyzes PHBM (Pengelolaan Sumberdaya Hutan Bersama Masyarakat), a joint forest management mechanism implemented by the State Forest Corporation (SFC) and village-level committees (LMDHs) in Java, Indonesia, in terms of forest administration systems. SFC had maintained conventional organizational structures and staffing systems, and frontline foresters mostly focused on their conventional tasks, including patrolling and policing, and were not structurally functioning as the interface of or facilitators for PHBM. SFC appears to have separated existing forestry operations and PHBM matters. As a result, PHBM matters such as the use of benefit sharing inside villages were simply entrusted to executive members of LMDHs with room for elite capture. A whole-organizational approach, in which general frontline foresters’ tasks are more integrated into participatory approach, would be recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At present, a great deal of the scholarly research on Indonesia focuses on the processes of Islamisation. This paper will discuss a phenomenon that seems to point in a different direction, namely the contemporary reconfiguration of dukun /spiritual experts called paranormal. These mystics indicate a peculiar form of pluralism. They are an assemblage of tradition and modernity, locality and translocality, religion and mysticism, spirituality and business, and global esotericism and popular psychology. Most of them belong to the urban middle class, are highly professional, and make extensive use of modern mass media to advertise their supernatural skills. Yet, how do they position themselves in Indonesian and global cultural contexts? This paper identifies the ongoing ambivalence between cosmopolitan ideas and their rupture in polarising, orientalist, and occidentalist imaginaries. Finally, a new understanding of cosmopolitanism is suggested that expands the reference beyond the world of humans by also including a plurality of supernatural powers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The myriapod fauna of the mega-diverse country of Indonesia is so far insufficiently known, with no species lists or determination keys. In order to obtain an overview of the faunal composition of the Myriapoda in an Indonesian forest system, the fauna of the Halimun- Salak National Park in western Java was explored during the dry season (September-October 2015) in the framework of the German-Indonesian INDOBIOSYS project (Indonesian Biodiversity Discovery and Information System). A total of 980 Myriapoda specimens were collected by hand by 3-4 researchers from three different sites in the national park, from which 796 specimens were determined to a higher taxonomic level (class, order, family) and 617 specimens were determined to morphospecies. Among these, 27 were Symphyla (4%) (excluded from further analyses), 226 Chilopoda (28%) and 543 Diplopoda (68%). The Scolopendromorpha (64% of all identified centipedes) and Polydesmida (69% of all identified Diplopoda) were the most represented orders in our samples. Twenty-four morphospecies of Chilopoda were determined: one each of Scutigeromorpha and Lithobiomorpha, six Scolopendromorpha and sixteen Geophilomorpha. Nine orders of diplopods were present, with a total of 47 morphospecies: one each of Polyxenida, Glomeridesmida and Chordeumatida, two each of Glomerida, Spirobolida and Siphonophorida, seven of Sphaerotheriida, ten of Spirostreptida and 21 of Polydesmida. Two species curves were obtained to have a first idea about the myriapod diversity in the Halimun-Salak National Park and to compare the three individual collecting sites. Our results depict the Scolopendromorpha as the most common centipedes in Javanese rainforests and the Geophilomorpha as the most species-rich order. In contrast, the Polydesmida were the most dominant millipede group with 167 specimens and with 13 morphospecies the family Paradoxosomatidae was the most diverse. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new species of Tenuibaetis Kang & Yang is described and illustrated based on larvae collected in Java in 2010, which is the most southeastern report of this genus to date. The total number of Tenuibaetis species is thereby augmented to seven. The morphological differences of all other species are discussed and summarised in tabular form. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Six species of vampire crabs, Geosesarma noduliferum (De Man, 1892), G. confertum (Ortmann, 1894), G. rouxi (Serène, 1968a), G. bicolor Ng & Davie, 1995, G. dennerle Ng, Schubart & Lukhaup, 2015, and G. hagen Ng, Schubart & Lukhaup, 2015, are known thus far from Java, Indonesia. All are endemic to the island. Surveys in and around Mount Halimun Salak National Park in West Java showed that the sesarmid crab fauna for the island is much richer, and five new species are described. The new taxa are described, figured, and compared with their closest congeners. Two poorly known species, G. confertum and G. rouxi are also re-diagnosed and figured. A key to the known species of Geosesarma from Java is also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Two skulls have been found during basement construction of Balai Pemuda Building in the depth of 6-7 meters from the ground. Those skulls have been coded as skull 16089 and 16090. The maxillary teeth of skull 16090 was almost in complete formation and there was an evidence of dental modification similar to dental modification found in Java. To identify the pattern of dental modification, macroscopic observation is needed. Also, the comparative study will be used to find the link between the pattern of dental modifications. The result is that the pattern of dental modification on the skull 160690 is hexagon-like shaped. The "hexagon-like" pattern is very similar to what was found in Kedaton Temple and Upas Well which had diamond-like pattern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Indonesian archipelago features an extraordinarily rich biota. However, the actual taxonomic inventory of the archipelago remains highly incomplete and there is hardly any significant taxonomic activity that utilises recent technological advances. The IndoBioSys project was established as a biodiversity information system aiming at, amongst other goals, creating inventories of the Indonesian entomofauna using DNA barcoding. Here, we release the first large scale assessment of the megadiverse insect groups that occur in the Mount Halimun-Salak National Park, one of the largest tropical rain-forest ecosystem in West Java, with a focus on Hymenoptera, Coleoptera, Diptera and Lepidoptera collected with Malaise traps. From September 2015 until April 2016, 34 Malaise traps were placed in different localities in the south-eastern part of the Halimun-Salak National Park. A total of 4,531 specimens were processed for DNA barcoding and in total, 2,382 individuals produced barcode compliant records, representing 1,195 exclusive BINs or putative species in 98 insect families. A total of 1,149 BINs were new to BOLD. Of 1,195 BINs detected, 804 BINs were singletons and more than 90% of the BINs incorporated less than five specimens. The astonishing heterogeneity of BINs, as high as 1.1 exclusive BIN per specimen of Diptera successfully processed, shows that the cost/benefit relationship of the discovery of new species in those areas is very low. In four genera of Chalcidoidea, a superfamily of the Hymenoptera, the number of discovered species was higher than the number of species known from Indonesia, suggesting that our samples contain many species that are new to science. Those numbers shows how fast molecular pipelines contribute substantially to the objective inventorying of the fauna giving us a good picture of how potentially diverse tropical areas might be. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article utilizes an original household survey of two regency-level elections in Indonesia to explore campaign targeting. It uses a list experiment to show that direct survey questions about accepting transfers from campaigns elicit honest responses from respondents in Indonesia. Although the relationship between income and whether a respondent accepted transfers from political campaigns decreases over the entire distribution of income, it increases initially, producing a curvilinear relationship between income and accepting transfers from campaigns. This article argues that the poorest voters face barriers to being targeted by campaigns. However, these barriers recede as they become relatively richer, at which point a negative relationship is found due to diminishing marginal utility of accepting these transfers. Finally, in-kind transfers, as opposed to cash transfers, target low-income voters more effectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the extirpation of tigers from the Indonesian island of Java in the 1980s, the endemic and Critically Endangered Javan leopard is the island’s last remaining large carnivore. Yet despite this, it has received little conservation attention and its population status and distribution remains poorly known. Using Maxent modeling, we predicted the locations of suitable leopard landscapes throughout the island of Java based on 228 verified Javan leopard samples and as a function of seven environmental variables. The identified landscapes covered over 1 million hectares, representing less than 9% of the island. Direct evidence of Javan leopard was confirmed from 22 of the 29 identified landscapes and included all national parks, which our analysis revealed as the single most important land type. Our study also emphasized the importance of maintaining connectivity between protected areas and human-modified landscapes because adjacent production forests and secondary forests were found to provide vital extensions for several Javan leopard subpopulations. Our predictive map greatly improves those previously produced by the Government of Indonesia’s Javan Leopard Action Plan and the IUCN global leopard distribution assessment. It shares only a 32% overlap with the IUCN range predictions, adds six new priority landscapes, all with confirmed presence of Javan leopard, and reveals an island-wide leopard population that occurs in several highly fragmented landscapes, which are far more isolated than previously thought. Our study provides reliable information on where conservation efforts must be prioritized both inside and outside of the protected area network to safeguard Java’s last remaining large carnivore. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores the religious entrepreneurship of three Javanese pastors in Indonesia. It intends to illustrate the religious values obtained by pastors through self-reflection and faith experience that are enabling them to undertake social transformation. Religious entrepreneurship is a concept that locates the pastor as an agent of social transformation. Based on seven months of fieldwork using an ethical anthropological approach, this paper seeks to describe not simply GKJ's pastors' experience of changing society, but also the faith struggle of the church and its community members. By applying the concept of religious entrepreneurship, this paper examines the aforementioned elements in order to display religious values as an underlying motivation for the Javanese pastors' social movement in shaping humanistic and ethical social transformation in rural Java. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Forest Law Enforcement, Governance, and Trade agreements between the EU and countries that grow tropical timber aim to complement, alter, or generate new regulatory mechanisms that ensure the legality of timber products. These regulatory changes affect pre-existing policies and practices within timber production networks. The Indonesian-EU Voluntary Partnership Agreement was signed in 2013, and legality verification is scheduled to become mandatory for all smallholders by the end of 2017. Using grower surveys conducted in the Jepara regency of Central Java (n = 204), we generate information on who Jepara smallholders are, what timber species they are growing, and how programs that provide free and discounted seedlings contribute to STP. We use these data to understand how STP operates and how Sistem Verifikasi Legalitas Kayu ( SVLK), the Indonesian method for timber legality verification, will affect STP networks and producers. We find that resource provision and oversight of source documentation increase formalization within STP. Our discussion details four policy-relevant insights for promoting STP amid continued formalization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Management and restoration of mangrove forests to protect coasts are promoted in many countries, including Indonesia. Indonesian mangrove forests are actively restored and managed by local communities for their ecosystem services, including coastal protection. Whether community-based mangrove management (CBMM) is effective is still debated. Our study analysed the effectiveness of different CBMM practices in four Central Javan communities by analysing the capacity of their mangrove forests to protect against coastal hazards. We used complementary interviews, field assessments and literature reviews to collect the necessary information. The overall CBMM performance and success significantly differed for each community's mangrove rehabilitation effort and the resulting coastal protection service. Of the four communities, Bedono performed best in terms of mangrove coverage, forest structure and restored coastal protection service. This is explained by multiple factors, such as application of long-term and integrated CBMM approaches, involving appropriate maintenance and additional measures to reduce wave energy. Our results can help governments, practitioners and communities to better understand the factors that contribute to CBMM's success and failure when restoring and managing mangrove forests and protecting coasts. • Community-Based Mangrove Management can achieve enhanced coastal protection. • Long-term and integrated approaches are needed for enhancing coastal protection. • Additional protective measures are necessary for eroding coastal areas. • Strategic collaboration between institutions is critical for sustainable results. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There are different approaches and techniques for landslide susceptibility mapping. However, no agreement has been reached in both the procedure and the use of specific controlling factors employed in the landslide susceptibility mapping. Each model has its own assumption, and the result may differ from place to place. Different landslide controlling factors and the completeness of landslide inventory may also affect the different result. Incomplete landslide inventory may produce significance error in the interpretation of the relationship between landslide and controlling factor. Comparing landslide susceptibility models using complete inventory is essential in order to identify the most realistic landslide susceptibility approach applied typically in the tropical region Indonesia. Purwosari area, Java, which has total 182 landslides occurred from 1979 to 2011, was selected as study area to evaluate three data-driven landslide susceptibility models, i.e., weight of evidence, logistic regression, and artificial neural network. Landslide in the study area is usually affected by rainfall and anthropogenic activities. The landslide typology consists of shallow translational and rotational slide. The elevation, slope, aspect, plan curvature, profile curvature, stream power index, topographic wetness index, distance to river, land use, and distance to road were selected as landslide controlling factors for the analysis. Considering the accuracy and the precision evaluations, the weight of evidence represents considerably the most realistic prediction capacities (79%) when comparing with the logistic regression (72%) and artificial neural network (71%). The linear model shows more powerful result than the nonlinear models because it fits to the area where complete landslide inventory is available, the landscape is not varied, and the occurence of landslide is evenly distributed to the class of controlling factor. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Masks from Indonesia have been worn in performances in a number of contexts. In Java, masked drama occurred in the royal courts as well as in the countryside. In Bali masks are still a feature of daily life in connection with performances in temples and at life cycle ceremonies. Balinese masks relate to a range of genres. In Kalimantan masks are mostly used in rituals connected with rice-growing. Indonesian masks in the Náprstek Museum collections all come from one of these contexts, most having been used and later discarded, while some were made especially for the tourist market. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article argues that in practice, concepts of magico-spiritual power (Javanese: kesekten; Indonesian: kesaktian) are linked with sexuality, particularly female sexuality, in some segments of contemporary Central and East Javanese Muslim society. Few scholars have turned attention to the interconnectedness of these seemingly contradictory topics. Feminist studies tend to focus on the ways in which women locate themselves within and critique Sharia-based discursive and social orders, without considering the roles that magico-spiritual power and associated practices play in these Islamic systems or in Islam in a more general sense. Similarly, male scholarship that considers the cultural relevance of Islam and magic rarely refers to gendered and sexual dimensions as praxis from a feminist perspective. By drawing on examples of 'magical women' including the Javanese spirit queen of the southern ocean Gusti Kanjeng Ratu Kidul, the historical Hindu figure Ken Dedes, and contemporary ritual sex practices at a Muslim saint's grave, we show how women, female spiritual beings and female sexuality, and sexuality in general, can be considered sources of magico-spiritual power in Muslim Java. Our arguments conclude that in Javanese Islam, transgression of Sharia sexual norms can be both a sign and a source of magico-spiritual power. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the context of REDD+, Measurement, Reporting and Verification (MRV) is one way to manage forest change information. A national carbon and non-carbon database will be used in REDD+ to negotiate compensation schemes with the international community. Much of this data will be collected at the local level, thus a reporting system that can integrate these locally collected data into the national database is crucial. In this paper we compare and draw lessons from three existing local to national reporting systems that include the participation of local communities: 1) the government extension services, 2) the government owned forestry company, and 3) a private logging company in Indonesia, and provide recommendations for REDD+ reporting systems. The results suggest that the main desired conditions for effective data flow are: benefits to motivate local participation, based on contributions to reporting activities; simple data format and reporting procedures to allow local participation in the reporting process, and to support data aggregation at the national level; a facilitator to mediate data aggregation at the village level to ensure data consistency, completeness and accuracy; and a transparent and clear data flow. Under these conditions, continuous, accountable and consistent data flow from the local level will reach the national level where it can be fully utilized. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]