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This study aimed at exploring how English as a foreign language (hereafter, EFL) preservice teacher (hereafter, PSTs) who had no teaching experience perceived Informal Digital Learning of English (hereafter, IDLE) and their IDLE implementation ideas for their future students' out-of-class activities to support formal classroom instruction. The researchers employed a basic qualitative design to understand the participants' perceptions and implementation ideas. The data were gathered through interviews and document analysis, and subsequently, 14 EFL PSTs with no prior teaching experience were recruited using a purposive sampling strategy. The data were transcribed, coded, and analyzed using inductive thematic analysis. The findings give new insights that the participants had positive perceptions towards IDLE and had various implementation ideas of IDLE for their future students, mostly through disrupting Web 2.0 technology tools, even though they had no teaching experience using technology. Two implications for English educators and teacher education programs are highlighted in this article: changing teachers' mindsets towards EFL learning and the insertion of IDLE as a topic into pedagogy courses.

Mathematically gifted students have a potential for understanding and connecting mathematics concept. Pattern generalization as a part of functional thinking becomes one of the benchmarks for gifted students in mathematics. The mathematics curriculum in Indonesia that has not accommodated the functional thinking ability of elementary school students is the basis for this study. It focuses on describing mathematically gifted students functional thinking in solving figural and non-figural linear pattern task. Functional thinking abilities in this study consist of thinking process in near generalization, far generalization, formal generalization and determine inverse. Case study of qualitative approach used in describing mathematically gifted students thinking. Data were collected from 5th-grade of gifted student's problem solving in figural and non-figural linear patterns task. The finding showed that gifted students are able in functional thinking in different ways. They represented the relationship of two quantities symbolically. In solving figural linear pattern task, gifted students perform FT consist of: near generalization by counting, multiplicative approach, and contextual strategy; far generalization by contextual strategy; formal generalization by multiple difference and proportional strategy; and determine inverse by using general rule. In solving non-figural linear pattern task, gifted students perform FT consist of near generalization, far generalization, and formal generalization by multiple difference strategy; and determine inverse by using general rule.

Each schools have the autonomous right to manage and develop an independent curriculum according to its potential. However, the implementation of the independent learning curriculum is dependent on proper management at the school level, so there may be obstacles faced by schools in managing the independent learning curriculum. The purpose of this study is to investigate the concept and problems, as well as school strategies in managing an independent learning curriculum in laboratory schools. This research was studied qualitatively with a multi-site study design. Data collection was conducted through focus group discussions (FGDs) with semi-structured interviews, observations, and documentation studies. Data validity was checked using source triangulation, discussion among fellow researchers, and adequacy of reference materials. Data analysis techniques used constant comparative analysis. The results show that learning activities in the independent curriculum emphasize character education and the achievement of students' happiness in learning, and schools implement differentiated learning and simplify the values contained in P5 through projects and fun learning. This research contributes theoretically and practically, by complementing previous literature and can be a guide for school managers in order to ideally manage an independent curriculum.

Mathematical creative thinking skill often becomes the orientation of mathematics learning, aiming to enhance students' creativity in mathematics. Recognizing that creativity encompasses the capacity for thinking creatively and creativity disposition is essential. Building on this conceptual foundation, the primary objective of this study is to develop a comprehensive model illustrating the relationship between students' aptitude for mathematical creative thinking and their creative disposition. The research methodology employed in this study aligned with the framework of cause-and-effect analysis. The study cohort consisted of 36 students, carefully selected by a cluster random sampling technique. The research instruments included a mathematical creative thinking ability assessment and a creative disposition scale. The data was analyzed using the Non-Recursive Structural Equation Modeling. The results showed the reciprocal cause-and-effect dynamic between mathematical creative thinking ability and creative disposition, exhibiting a mutually influential relationship with determination coefficients of 21.83% and 21.05%. This shows that mathematical creative thinking ability is better at explaining mathematical creative disposition than mathematical creative disposition explaining mathematical creative thinking ability, with a relatively small difference (0.78%). This study also concluded that an optimal approach to mathematics pedagogy entails a balanced and simultaneous focus on nurturing mathematical creative thinking ability and disposition.

Mathematics learning using high-order thinking skills is crucial for students. High-order thinking skills can be developed through learning materials with contexts relevant to the student's environment. This research aims to: produce maritime context mathematics teaching materials for higher-order thinking in Junior High Schools that are valid, practical, and have a potential effect on analytical and evaluation skills. The subjects of this study were 7th-grade students at SMP Tamansiswa Palembang, SMP Tamansiswa Mariana, and SMP Tamansiswa Sungai Buah. Data collection techniques include walkthroughs, interviews, observations, documentation, and tests. Data analysis is conducted qualitatively through descriptive methods. The research development of maritime context mathematics teaching materials for higher-order thinking at Junior High Schools has been validated based on content, construct, and language by expert reviews. During one-to-one interactions, students demonstrated their comprehension of the teaching materials and their ability to analyze and evaluate the student worksheets (SW) and questions. Practicality was observed during small group interactions, as students encountered no difficulties in solving problems on the SW and questions using analytical and evaluative skills. Furthermore, the field test demonstrated that the maritime context mathematics teaching materials have the potential to enhance students' analytical and evaluative abilities. In conclusion, this research has produced valid, practical, and potentially effective maritime context mathematics teaching materials for higher-order thinking at Junior High Schools, which can enhance students' analytical and evaluative abilities.

Mathematical literacy stands as a critical skill imperative for navigating the complexities of the 21st century. Enhancing students' mathematical literacy necessitates comprehensive engagement across the educational landscape. This aligns with the "Guru Penggerak" (GP) initiative, established by the government to serve as educational leaders, propelling the entire educational system forward. Nonetheless, the current GP program needs more specific provisions addressing mathematical literacy, and the existing learning environments for mathematical literacy remain constrained. Consequently, there is a pressing need to develop a dedicated mathematical literacy learning environment within the GP framework. This study endeavors to create a mathematically literate learning environment that is both valid and practical, potentially impacting the GP program significantly. Employing a design research approach, the study progresses through three key stages: preliminary, prototyping, and assessment. Seven teachers participated as subjects, using data collection methodologies including walkthroughs, observations, questionnaires, and interviews, which were analyzed descriptively. Findings indicate the development of a model for a mathematical literacy learning environment termed D-C-C with the LEPscO framework, which is deemed valid due to its alignment with the PISA framework, Indonesian educational curriculum, and unambiguous language. Moreover, the model proves practical for implementation within the GP program, exhibiting potential effects such as enhanced teacher satisfaction, learning, organizational support, and utilization of new knowledge, alongside improved student outcomes reflecting heightened mathematical literacy proficiency. This research contributes to educational discourse by introducing the LEPscO Framework, encompassing a Digital-Class-Community learning environment, structured learning processes encompassing training, classroom implementation, knowledge sharing, and community development, and targeted learning outcomes focusing on teachers' comprehension and reinforcement of mathematical literacy in education.

Current research indicates the presence of highly skilled and motivated students with robust computational thinking backgrounds seeking opportunities to leverage their expertise in driving innovation and success in this era. These studies also reveal that students' computational thinking skills vary widely depending on educational resources, curriculum emphasis, and individual aptitude. Nonetheless, there is a growing recognition of the importance of fostering these skills, with efforts underway to integrate them more comprehensively into education systems worldwide, including in Indonesia and Japan, as representatives of developing and developed countries. Therefore, assessing the competency of computational thinking in these two countries would be intriguing. The descriptive qualitative research method was employed to delineate the computational thinking competencies of students in Indonesia and Japan. Student worksheets, specifically designed for this purpose, were utilized to gauge the development of these competencies during the learning process using the Scratch application. The results revealed that students employed various strategies in solving the given geometry problems. On the other hand, geometry is one of the mathematics topics that can identify students' computational thinking using this application. These findings were utilized to categorize students' computational thinking skills in the two countries and to identify potential obstacles students experienced in their efforts to enhance these skills. Nevertheless, these constraints offer significant insights into potential areas for future investigation and enhancement. Subsequent endeavors could prioritize conducting experiments by implementing specific learning approaches or methods that have demonstrated effectiveness in improving students' computational thinking skills. This study not only underscores the potential for expanding research on students' computational thinking skills but also provides an overview of the learning process, learning culture, and students' competence in solving geometry problems with tiered difficulty levels using their computational thinking skills.

The objective of this study is to develop e-modules for bump pass learning for seventh-grade students. This study identified the problems and needs of students in learning bump pass skills, e-module eligibility and the effect of the e-module on students' bump pass skills. Two groups of seventh grades, two teachers serving as content experts and two media experts participated in this study at State Junior High School 1 Talawi. Five steps were used in conducting this research: analysis, design, development, implementation and evaluation. The researchers collected data through questionnaires, interviews, observation, documentation, expert testing and tests. The questionnaire, interview, observation and documentation results were analyzed using an interactive data analysis model. Expert test data were analyzed using the inter-rater agreement model and test result data were analyzed using an independent t-test. There are three findings in this research. First, the reason for the students' difficulties in learning bump passes is their lack of interest in the content found in their textbooks. They need learning media that are interesting and can be accessed through smartphones. Thus, e-modules are a suitable learning medium to solve problems and meet their needs. Second, the developed e-module was confirmed to have high content validity and meet the criteria for good learning materials and media based on the feasibility test results. Third, the e-module has positively and significantly affected students' understanding and bump pass skills. Thus, it is suggested that the module be used for teaching bump pass skills at other schools.

Students encounter difficulties in solving areas of triangles and quadrilaterals due to a lack of conceptual understanding of the topic. The researchers have developed the following activities and the hypothetical learning trajectory (HLT) through the design research approach focusing on developing activities for students to learn the concepts properly. Reallotment or reshaping has been the primary idea for the activities. The designed activities in 2 cycles have been trialled out, improved, and implemented for 7-grade students in a classroom. Students' understanding and development of this study will be further discussed in this paper.

This paper describes an investigation of the relationship between students' writing knowledge and second language writing performance. Metacognitive and metalinguistic knowledge contribute significantly to writing performance. As a foreign language, 78 undergraduate students took a writing knowledge class and a writing proficiency test. The knowledge process has a strong influence on writing performance. Except for vocabulary knowledge, other aspects and sub-aspects had no significant effect on writing performance. Vocabulary knowledge had a negative impact on writing performance. In other words, while some aspects and sub-aspects of writing knowledge did not significantly influence writing performance, others did. The pedagogical implication is that all aspects of writing knowledge must be explicitly taught in writing instruction in order to improve students' writing quality. However, there must be a priority of aspect as the core of the material to be taught, with the other aspects and sub-aspects serving as complementary materials. This could result in a moderate relationship finding and a low percentage of contribution. Undergraduate English as a Foreign Language students from various institutions and provinces may have varying levels of language proficiency and writing skills.

Knowledge of financial literacy, including Islamic financial literacy which has been widely used in various financial products, intersects with several domain areas in mathematical concepts, especially in basic arithmetic which requires students to perform basic calculations before making the right financial decisions. This research aims to develop an instructional design of social arithmetic learning using Math-based Islamic Financial Literacy (MIFL) framework for Islamic schools. We develop a Hypothetical Learning Trajectory (HLT) for fostering students' numeracy and Islamic Financial Literacy (IFL) skills by using MIFL framework that involves various Islamic financial problems as context in mathematics tasks. We chose design research as the method for accomplishing our objective. However, we will discuss about task design and a portion of one of the three major phases of design research, namely pilot experiments. We involved three experts to provide suggestions to improve the tasks and six students from an Islamic junior high school participated in this study. We designed three stages of learning activities. Identifying of math-based Islamic financial information, analyzing math-based Islamic financial context, and applying math-based Islamic financial knowledge and understanding for completing the tasks are the three activities. Results indicate that HLT can indeed assist students in acquiring fundamental arithmetic abilities and advance their IFL. To improve the learning trajectory, we added several sub-sections of activities that bridged the understanding of mathematics and IFL.

This study aims to develop a valid, practical, and which has potential effect web-based realistic mathematics learning environment with the six cultural contexts of the island of Sumatera. The learning environment has the potential to positively impact primary school students. The study employed design research method, which encompassed the preliminary, design, and assessment stages using the Kirkpatrick model. The research subjects consisted of three model teachers and 57 fourth-grade students. Research data was collected through observation, documentation, questionnaires, interviews, and tests. The web-based learning environment's validity level was found to be very high, with a score of 3.32, while practicality was rated at 3.86. The potential effects of the environment on mathematics learning were also deemed to be significant, with a score of 77.35. It was designed to facilitate the teaching and learning of mathematics by the PMRI approach, with a focus on topics such as numbering, geometry, and measurement, while also developing 21st-century skills.

Due to the spread of COVID-19, all face-to-face speaking courses were discontinued for a while, which inevitably impaired assessment results. E-portfolios are typically an appropriate evaluation technique for universities that implement fully synchronous online learning in pandemic situations. However, little is known about how this alternative assessment technique influences student speaking performance and self-efficacy. As a response, this study explored the impacts of e-portfolios on students' speaking performance and self-efficacy when studying from home, owing to the COVID-19 pandemic. A mixed-methods experimental design was used, with 55 university students (experimental = 28, control = 27) aged 18-20 years. Data were gathered via pre- and post-speaking tests, pre- and post-self-efficacy questionnaires, and an interview guide. The statistical analysis revealed that the experimental group outperformed the control group regarding speaking performance and self-efficacy. Furthermore, the interview findings indicated that the activities in e-portfolios were crucial for these improvements. This article suggests innovative approaches for teaching online speaking courses with e-portfolios.

Indonesia's Program for International Student Assessment (PISA) results from 2000 to 2018 are worrisome because they are at the bottom of the international rankings. This result illustrates the low quality of education in Indonesia, which correlates with the qualifications of teachers. The quality of education will increase proportionally to the proportion of teachers who possess the necessary skills. Therefore, this study aims to train teachers to improve their professionalism in developing HOTs questions using the Pendidikan Matematika Realistik Indonesia (PMRI) approach. Design research-type development studies with two stages, preliminary and formative evaluation, are utilized. The results of the workshop revealed that the teacher's competency scores in developing HOTs questions increased by 45.70% (before the workshop), 77.14% (workshop 1), and 85.70% (workshop 2), respectively. It is evidenced by the teacher's ability to develop HOTs questions with the characteristics of questions investigating number content within the local context of selling duku fruits (langsat), which is a typical fruit of the East Ogan Komering Ulu (OKU) Regency and with a high degree of difficulty. This research also affects students in that it can stimulate their critical thinking abilities.

The purpose of this research is to describe the development of a STEM-based learning environment for early childhood teacher candidates that is valid, practical, and has potential effects. The research sample consisted of 25 pre-service early childhood teachers and 19 students Kindergarten. The research method used was design research with the type of development study. This research has produced a learning environment with the Campus-Application-School (CAS) model consisting of the stages of training, designing, mentoring, and testing. The validity of the STEM-based learning environment model was seen from the developed student worksheet (LKPD) instrument and the content in the learning environment, obtaining a value of 0.88, which was categorized as high validity. The practicality, as seen from the results of one-to-one teaching, small group, and field tests with an average of 94.2, was categorized as very good. Meanwhile, the potential effect was based on Kirkpatrick's four levels of training evaluation with an average of 83.73, which was categorized as very good. This research suggests that the CAS learning environment model can affect teacher approaches to teaching in a step appropriate way based on STEM to prepare student teachers to teach basic mathematics.

The study material on circle areas is contextually oriented and aids students in comprehending their surrounding environment. Higher-order thinking skills are imperative for the success of circular learning, as they help students grasp concepts holistically and solve concept problems. "What-if" questions can enhance students' higher-order thinking skills through problem-solving activities, fostering critical and creative thinking. However, applying "what-if" questions is limited to serving as problem-posing triggers, resulting in minimal variation in the material. Therefore, this study aims to design a learning trajectory for the area of circles based on "what-if" questions to enhance students' higher-order thinking skills. This research also addresses the gap by utilizing "what-if" questions to construct and evaluate circle area learning activities. We employed design research as the research method, conducted in three stages: preliminary design, experimental design, and retrospective analysis. The results demonstrated that the designed learning trajectory enhanced higher-order thinking skills in various aspects. Students exhibited critical thinking and profound analysis when working on worksheets and addressing the provided problems. Moreover, students showcased creative and divergent thinking abilities, enabling them to generate alternative problem solutions. Furthermore, optimizing technology usage and emphasizing reasoning in learning should be augmented to enhance student motivation and foster innovative learning.

While technology has been increasingly integrated in teaching practice, it remains unknow how gender plays a role in technology integration. This study aimed at investigating the difference between male and female student teachers in technology integration in teaching speaking skills during the sudden online teaching due to the COVID-19 pandemic. This study recruited 301 Indonesian student teachers who taught English as a foreign language and had completed online practice teaching during the pandemic. They completed two online questionnaires to measure their technology integration in teaching speaking skills. The results showed significant differences between male and female student teachers in the frequency of using technology tools but in the frequency of using technology to teach speaking skills for several purposes during this pandemic time. This study offers four implications to improve the student teachers' technology integration in online teaching modes.

Nowadays, digital technologies are crucial in supporting students in geometry in secondary mathematics classrooms. However, in some cases, the role of visual function in technology was only utilized for seeing and conjecturing, not for experimenting, while to develop a relational understanding of geometry concepts, students should actively participate in the learning process. To address the issue, this study investigated how students learn geometry with digital technology assistance based on students' diversity in their mathematics abilities. A task with a dynamic geometry software called Techno-based Mathematical Tasks (TbMT) was designed to assist students in exploring geometrical activities and solving a problem through investigations on tessellation. This research employs educational design research and focuses on the preliminary design by conducting a pilot study on three students based on the diversity in their ability in mathematics classrooms, i.e., low, middle, and high. As part of data collection, we captured students' works to examine critical information in their responses based on their differences in abilities. We collected the data through online meetings and recorded the data. We analyzed students' work from the recording by capturing critical information. The results revealed that the TbMT might provide students with opportunities to learn by exploring tessellation activities that might contribute to students' understanding of geometry concepts. Due to the limited number of participants in this study, further research can be an opportunity to expand the number of participants to enhance the contribution to the literature with more comprehensive empirical evidence. [Note: The page range (585-602) shown on the PDF is incorrect. The correct page range is 585-604.]

A learning trajectory as a sequence of mathematical activities that could facilitate the growth of students' understanding of learning goals. This research aimed to produce an instructional sequence to learn the concepts of translation and reflection and to investigate how students develop their understanding informally using a South Sumatra dance context. The research employed the design research method, which consisted of three stages: preliminary design, design experiment (pilot experiment and teaching experiment), and retrospective analysis. This research involved six students who have the high, medium, low capability at the first cycle and 32 students ninth graders at the second cycle at Junior High School 1 Palembang. Data from observations, tests, interviews, and documentation were analyzed descriptively. The tests used were aimed to determine the improvement made by the students; while the classroom observations, interviews, and documentations were used to develop the local instructional theory. This study produced a learning trajectory with three activities include: the students watched a dance video to describe the dancer's' positions in relation to floor tiles; the students were asked to determine the starting points of the dancers in Cartesian coordinates to learn concepts; and the students developed a formal concept based on their own knowledge.

During the COVID-19 pandemic, lecture activities in the Guidance and Counseling study program were transferred to online media through the e-learning platform of the Integrated Lambung Mangkurat University Information System (SIMARI). This study aims to produce collaborative digital modules through the zedemy platform used in lectures in the Guidance and Counseling study program, determine the feasibility of collaborative digital modules and determine the level of student engagement in using collaborative digital modules. ASSURE model development research (Analyze Learner, State Objective, Select Methods, Media and Materials) choosing to conducted on students of the Guidance and Counseling Study Program at Lambung Mangkurat University to determine student engagement with the use of modules. Module validation is carried out by material experts, media experts, and students. The feasibility of collaborative digital modules through the zedemy platform was assessed using a media expert eligibility sheet, material expert, and student involvement questionnaire in using the module. The results indicate the feasibility of the collaborative digital module shows a very feasible category in terms of media with a 103 of a maximum score of 116. Feasibility on the material aspect shows a very feasible category with a score of 97 out of a maximum score of 108 (89.81%). Student engagement showed a significant increase as indicated by the t-test results, obtained sig = 0.000. The mean of pretest = 55,35 and at posttest = 73.97. There is an increase in student engagement when using collaborative digital modules through the zedemy platform.

Aim/Purpose: This study presents some activities that integrate computational thinking (CT) into mathematics lessons utilizing GeoGebra to promote constructionist learning. Background: CT activities in the Indonesian curriculum are dominated by worked examples with less plugged-mode activities that might hinder students from acquiring CT skills. Therefore, we developed mathematics and CT (math+CT) lessons to promote students' constructionist key behaviors while learning. Methodology: The researchers utilized an educational design research (EDR) to guide the lesson's development. The lesson featured 11 applets and 22 short questions developed in GeoGebra. To improve the lesson, it was sent to eight mathematics teachers and an expert in educational technology for feedback, and the lesson was improved accordingly. The improved lessons were then piloted with 17 students, during which the collaborating mathematics teachers taught the lessons. Data were collected through the students' work on GeoGebra, screen recording when they approached the activities, and interviews. We used content analysis to analyze the qualitative data and presented descriptive statistics to quantitative data. Contribution: This study provided an example and insight into how CT can be enhanced in mathematics lessons in a constructionist manner. Findings: Students were active in learning mathematics and CT, especially when they were engaged in programming and debugging tasks. Recommendations for Practitioners: Educators are recommended to use familiar mathematics software such as GeoGebra to support students' CT skills while learning mathematics. Additionally, our applets are better run on big-screen devices to optimize students' CT programming and debugging skills. Moreover, it is recommended that students work collaboratively to benefit from peer feedback and discussion. Recommendation for Researchers: Collaboration with teachers will help researchers better understand the situation in the classroom and how the students will respond to the activities. Additionally, it is important to provide more time for students to get familiar with GeoGebra and start with fewer errors to debug. Future Research: Further research can explore more mathematics topics when integrating CT utilizing GeoGebra or other mathematics software or implement the lessons with a larger classroom size to provide a more generalizable result and deeper understanding.

Objective: COVID-19 has been driving significant changes in all domains, including education. While prior studies tend to focus on the pandemic disruption in higher education, this paper extends this scholarship by focusing on preschool education. In particular, attention is paid to how preschool teachers develop teaching strategies during COVID-19. We want to explore how preschool teachers develop distance learning during COVID-19 in Nusa Tenggara Timur, Indonesia. Method: 13 preschool teachers aged 24 to 35 in West Timor, Indonesia, participated in this photovoice study. Participants were instructed to take photos for seven days to describe their experiences related to the research topic. After that, participants were interviewed online using an online meeting application. Thematic analysis was used to formulate the findings. Results: Three themes were identified in this study, including learning strategies during the pandemic, parents as teachers at home, and collaboration between teachers and parents. Conclusions: Parents' role has become increasingly vital in early childhood education during the pandemic. Meanwhile, the attention addressed to parents was lacking. It is crucial to provide them with the necessary tools, knowledge, and skills to strive with home learning.

Young children's development is a crucial period determining their adult outcomes. Through adversities caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, preschool teachers play an essential role in nurturing children's development. This study has the objective to explore preschool teachers' perceptions of their students' development throughout the COVID-19 pandemic. 12 Teachers living in West Timor, Indonesia, were involved in the photovoice process. The qualitative data analysis resulted in three overarching themes: cooperation between teachers and parents, alternative stimulations of child development, and uncomprehensive child development. More support on options and alternatives for facilitating young children's remote learning is needed to maintain a stable and comprehensive development process in this pandemic.

Purpose: This research aimed to examine the impact of input, process, output, productivity and outcome variables on university research performance and the indicators that represent them in order to improve academic quality and contribute to government policy. Design/methodology/approach: The quantitative approach was used through a survey method that obtained samples using questionnaires from 150 leaders of research institutions and continued analysis using the structural equation modeling-partial least square (SEM-PLS) to test the developed model. Findings: Except for the relationship between process and productivity variables, all variable relationships had a positive and significant effect. Furthermore, the input, process, output, productivity and outcome variables each include seven, twelve, four and ten indicators. Research limitations/implications: This study has several ramifications because it provides a clear policy input and advances science. As a prelude to developing research performance assessment tools that take into account variances in a tertiary institution, this research aids in the implementation of national policies for assessing research performance in postsecondary institutions. Originality/value: To improve the accuracy of the information acquired, we conducted a survey among the heads of research units at various higher-ranking Indonesian universities, taking into consideration their skill and experience in leading research organizations and conducting research. Other than that, our belief in the originality of our manuscript is strengthened by the way we applied systems theory to construct a performance evaluation model that examines each contribution made by each system aspect.

Financial literacy is a knowledge and attitude about finance and is a 21st-century skill. As a knowledge, a cognitive factor of a person will impact their financial literacy skill. Through a bibliometric analysis study of 274 documents published from 1994 to 2022 in the Scopus database, we found that mathematics literacy is the cognitive factor of one's financial literacy skill. The OECD and several studies offer intertwined concepts, financial literacy and mathematics, to be presented in the mathematics curriculum in primary and secondary schools. After we got the bibliometric results, we surveyed several junior high schools in Yogyakarta to learn more about this issue. A total of 15 mathematics teachers participated in this survey, randomly chosen in junior high school. We got information stating that mathematics teachers used financial terms as a social arithmetic context, did not teach financial knowledge and attitudes, and never heard 13 from 17 financial terms in the survey. Furthermore, we present a framework for implementing financial literacy in mathematics through three dimensions, content, context, and process. The dimension content consists of mathematics' and financial content. On the other hand, the dimension context is related to education and work, home and family, and individual and societal. As a cognitive process, the dimensions of the process are based on Bloom's Cognitive stages. The potential for future research is developing learning activities and implementing them in the independent curriculum, which impacts schools' ability to use project-based learning, which is the most approach to implementing financial literacy in mathematics classes.

This study aimed at investigating the EFL preservice teachers' technology integration in managing and teaching speaking skills online during emergency remote teaching in Indonesia. This study employed a single case study approach by implementing an explanatory sequential mixed method design. The findings showed that even though the preservice teachers used various technology tools, they frequently implemented WhatsApp, YouTube, and Google Forms for classroom management and teaching speaking purposes. This study offers some implications to advance English language teacher education programs to prepare the future EFL preservice teachers in the post-pandemic era.

Teachers' academic and professional competencies significantly improve the quality of their learning. An ongoing process is needed to support and develop their quality. This study developed a learning environment through the Realistic Mathematics Education (RME)-based Lesson Study for Learning Community (LSLC) for high school mathematics teachers. The model is valid and practical and potentially affects the learning quality of high school mathematics teachers. The research employed a design research method of development studies was conducted in three stages: the preliminary stage, the development or prototyping stage, and the assessment stage. Prototyping development is a formative evaluation in which the phases include self-evaluation, expert review, one-to-one, small group, and field tests. The research subjects were 15 high school mathematics teachers from four schools in Palembang. Data was collected through questionnaires, observation, and documentation. The research has resulted in a valid and practical teachers' working group-learning community-class model that potentially affects high school, mathematics teachers. The learning environment is in the form of training in working groups for mathematics teachers, teacher mentoring in learning communities in schools, and teacher assessment learning processes in the classroom. The learning tools were produced using the RME-based LSLC system. The data analysis shows that the learning environment using the RME-based LSLC model can make high school mathematics teachers significantly understand learning, design learning tools, carry out learning, and evaluate learning. Consequently, the teachers' academic competence and professionalism significantly improve their learning.

This research aimed to generate a learning trajectory in an introduction to early mathematics, precisely to measure learning using educational games and Realistic Mathematics Education (RME) and to describe young children's curiosity in learning early mathematics. Children need to have an understanding to take a measurement and use a learning trajectory to learn how to differentiate measurable and countable quantities and to tell the longer and the greater in number. The design of this research involves three phases, namely, preliminary design, experimentation, and retrospective analysis. A Hypothetical Learning Trajectory (HLT) using educational games was developed by collecting data from documentation, observations, and interviews. The results obtained from the implementation in the classroom showed that the educational games were able to help young children get to know early mathematics, particularly on measurements of lengths and volumes. There is an association with several factors in the selection of realistic problems. Communications during the game could stimulate an introduction to measurement. The use of objects in students' vicinity also contributed to their experiments relating to measurement. The results of this research inform policymaking for teachers in designing learning in the classroom in introducing early mathematics based on educational games and Realistic Mathematics Education (RME).

The essential purpose of developing PISA-like questions is to train students' reasoning abilities so that students' ability to solve PISA-like questions increases. Therefore, this research aims to produce PISA-like math problems in the context of historical buildings in the Karawang Regency that are valid, practical, and potentially affect mathematics learning. The subjects of this study were junior high school students at SMPN 2 Karawang Barat. This research uses design research with development studies, consisting of preliminary and prototyping phases. The preliminary stage consists of two stages: needs analysis and design, while the prototyping stage consists of 5 phases: self-evaluation, expert review, one-to-one, small group, and field tests. The data collection techniques in this study were in the form of PISA-like math problems in the context of shape and space with the context of Historic Buildings in Karawang, observations, questionnaires, and interviews. All data obtained were analyzed descriptively. The results show that this study resulted in nine PISA-like math problems in the context of shape and space with the context of Historic Buildings in Karawang that are valid, practical, and potentially affect learning mathematics. The potential effect is related to students' interest in PISA-like questions and students' ability to understand and answer PISA-like questions. Finally, the results of this study have an impact on students who are getting trained in solving PISA-like math problems.

This descriptive research aimed to know students' problem-solving ability in arithmetic operations on algebra forms through an Indonesian realistic mathematics education, namely Pendidikan Matematika Realistik Indonesia (PMRI), approach in secondary school number 17 Palembang. The learning process, material, and assessment used were principles and characteristics of PMRI. The data collection technique was done by two students' activities and the written test to measure students' problem-solving abilities. The written test, which referred to the indicators of problem-solving ability, was given after the learning process. This study's findings indicate that Palembang's context helps students comprehend algebraic arithmetic operations. The principles and characteristics of PMRI play an essential role in enhancing students' problem-solving skills. To conclude, students develop and solve problems by modeling based on their mathematical ideas. In addition, students must be able to develop problem-solving strategies in which they employ a variety of procedures.

Bahasinan is a traditional game, a maritime cultural heritage, which still exists today in the area of South Kalimantan, Indonesia, precisely in the village of Gunung Makmur. Bahasinan itself is a traditional game that should be played in groups. In Bahasinan, people can find many aspects that have strong correlation with the learning of mathematics. For example, in Bahasinan children should make up their arena by drawing six rectangles that should be combined with one another. This drawing of rectangles alone has contained mathematical concepts. Thus, the object of the recent study is to identify which part of the traditional game Bahasinan that contain mathematical concepts and to identify what mathematical concepts that have been contained in the traditional game. In conducting the study, the method that has been selected is qualitative study using ethnography. The data are gathered from observation, interview, and documentation with the local public figures and two children as the subject for the study. After the data have been collected, the data are analyzed by using data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing or verification. In order to assure the data validity, triangulation method has been implemented so that the data that will be resulted are consistent. The results of the study show that the parts of the traditional game Bahasinan that contains mathematical concepts are game arena, game procedures, player position and player gesture whereas the mathematical concepts that can be found in the traditional game Bahasinan consist of two-dimensional figure, translation, reflection, inter-line connection, congruency, and mathematical activities.

A worldwide discussion about Technological Pedagogical Content Knowledge (henceforth, TPACK)-related program or a program that provides technology, pedagogy, and content courses related to EFL flipped classrooms is scarce. Thus, the present study aimed at exploring (1) how a TPACK-related program supported the EFL pre-service teachers' understanding of flipped classrooms and their implementation, and (2) how a TPACK-related program supported the pre-service English teachers' technology integration in their flipped classrooms. This study employed a basic qualitative approach and recruited three EFL preservice teachers who implemented flipped classrooms as participants. The data were collected by administering semi-structured interviews using an interview guide. Other documents were also collected to ensure the trustworthiness of the data. Then, the data were analyzed using the data analysis spiral strategy. The results revealed that the TPACK-related program helped the EFL pre-service teachers improve their understanding of flipped classrooms, develop considerations when implementing flipped classrooms, and successfully implement technology in their flipped classrooms. This study also provides three implications for improving the TPACK-related program worldwide, especially when teaching content about flipped classrooms approach.

Recent research has revealed increased use of social media platforms for English as a foreign language (hereafter, EFL) teachers' English language teaching (hereafter, ELT) practices. However, the reasons for such adoption have received little attention, particularly among EFL preservice teachers who lack teaching experience using technology. Thus, this study examined the rationales and concerns surrounding the use of specific social media platforms for ELT purposes. This study employed a basic qualitative approach by recruiting 18 EFL preservice teachers. The data were collected through interviews and document analysis during the COVID-19 pandemic, requiring these participants to perform emergency remote teaching. The data revealed various reasons why EFL preservice teachers chose to incorporate WhatsApp and YouTube into their English classrooms but not Facebook or Instagram. This study offers three recommendations for improving EFL preservice teachers' technology integration.

This study aims to produce a jumping task in the form of a student worksheet which is valid and practical. Design research in the form of development studies was chosen in this study which consist of preliminary stage and prototyping stage. Data were collected by walk through, test, questionnaire, and interview. Data were analyzed descriptively. Student worksheet is declared valid in terms of content, construct, and language. The results of this study show that the student worksheet is valid and practical. The student worksheet is in accordance with the HOTS level in the taxonomy of Bloom and the PISA framework, in accordance with the curriculum and the material for eight grades, and in accordance with the General Guidelines for Indonesian Spelling (PUEBI) and did not cause multiple interpretations. Then, the students understand the instructions or questions in the student worksheet, and it can be used by students.

How dyslexia students solve number operations is still challenging to unravel. This study aimed at revealing the types of errors conveyed by a dyslexic student in performing fractional operations on mathematical tasks that combined non-verbal text (symbols and pictures) and verbal text. The data were collected using a task-based interview with a 13- year-old dyslexic student that was recorded and focused on the types of errors on fractional operations (addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division). Results depicted that the student overgeneralized whole number operations when adding two fractions with different denominators although she successfully converted the area model of fraction into a correct fraction operation, identified a common denominator but failed to change the fractions into equivalent form when subtracting two mixed fractions, failed to interpret a multiplication word problem into subtraction operation, and applied only part of the "invert and multiply" algorithm on a word problem. The assumption of the phonological disturbances that was found in the student participant's performance was not found consistently in all the given word problem.

Learning the content of entrepreneurship arithmetic is an extension of social arithmetic that focuses on mathematical calculations in business or creative economy. Most teachers do not link students' daily activities to classroom teaching and learning on traditional markets around the environment. This significantly affects the interest in learning the material content. Therefore, this study aimed to design a learning trajectory of entrepreneurship arithmetic content using a Badung traditional market. A design approach with three stages was used, including preliminary design, teaching experiment, and retrospective analysis. The results showed that the learning trajectory can be practiced using local contexts, such as traditional or other students' daily activities. Moreover, the Badung Traditional Market stimulates students to understand the entrepreneurship arithmetic content from five activities. These include Engagement with content and context, Story of Entrepreneurship on Video, Concept Deepening, Collaborate to Solve Problems, and Making Conclusions. The learning trajectory is essential in understanding the mathematical concepts of expenditure, income, profits, and loss within the trading activities.

The purpose of this research was to determine students' satisfaction with the quality of education services in universities in West Kalimantan. The method used in this study is the quantitative research method. The results known after conducting this study is, first, the students' satisfaction to the quality of service of information technology and computer education study programme is considered satisfactory with a score of 77.09%. Then, the second satisfaction of the students to the services of the ICT study programme is seen from the tangible aspect of satisfaction, with a satisfaction score of 77.09%. Students' satisfaction with the ICT study programme services seen from the aspect of trust (reliability) was satisfactory, with a satisfaction score of 76.84%. Students' satisfaction with the ICT study programme services seen from the responsive aspect (responsive) was satisfactory, with a satisfaction score of 77.24%. Students' satisfaction with the ICT study programme services was seen from the aspect of satisfactory assurance, with a satisfaction score of 76.54%. Finally, students' satisfaction with the ICT study programme services seen from the aspect of empathy was satisfactory, with a satisfaction score of 77.81%.

The purpose of this research is to produce a new product in the form of censorship media and video assistant referee (VAR) in assisting referee leadership in a championship to achieve fair play. This research uses the Research and Development (R&D) method from Sugiyono using ten steps. The place of research was carried out at the All-Indonesian Volleyball Association, Deli Serdang Regency. The population and sample in this study were 36 Deli Serdang Regency volleyball players with a small sample of 6 people, a large sample of 16, and a comparison sample of 14. For the referee sample, six nationally licensed and nine regional licensed referees. The results of this study include Net and VAR sensors used to develop a player error detection tool when smashing and blocking. The results are obtained from the data from expert validation, including: (1) Material experts 92.3% with the "Very Eligible" category. (2) Media Experts 92.5% with the "Very Eligible" category. In large-scale trials on referees and athletes, the resulting percentages were 90.8% and 92.7%, respectively, while in the comparison trial, the percentage produced was 92.5%.

The mathematical reasoning ability is one of the essential hard skills of a student, especially in solving everyday problems. In supporting the achievement of this mathematical reasoning ability, meaningful teaching materials are an essential part of keeping exciting and not dull a learning process. This study aimed to design and develop an e-module in the ePub format with the problem-based learning approach to improve students' mathematical reasoning ability on arithmetic sequences and series concepts. This study used the design research method of development research in two stages--preliminary design and formal evaluation design--with tryouts performed on 32 grade XI students as research subjects. The data collection techniques used were documentation, observation, interviews, and tryouts. Data analysis was carried out quantitatively and qualitatively. The results showed that the e-module developed was valid and practical to improve students' mathematical reasoning ability, especially in solving problems related to sequences and series. The indicators of mathematical reasoning ability better improved using this ePub module were proposing problem-solving assumptions and concluding solutions logically. The development of the e-module in the e-Pub format offers alternative solutions to improve students' mathematical reasoning ability.

Measuring teachers' skills and competencies is necessary to ensure teacher quality and contribute to education quality. Research has shown teachers competencies and skills influence students' performances. Previous studies explored teachers' knowledge through testing. Teachers' knowledge of the topic of area-perimeter and teaching strategies has been assessed through testing. In general, items or tasks to assess mathematics teacher knowledge in the previous studies were dominated by subject matter knowledge problems. Thus, it seems that the assessment has not fully covered the full range of teacher knowledge and competencies. In this study, the researchers investigated mathematics teachers' Knowledge of Content and Students (KCS) through lesson plans developed by the teachers. To accommodate the gap in the previous studies, this study focuses on KCS on the topic of areaperimeter through their designed lesson plans. Twenty-nine mathematics teachers attended a professional development activity voluntarily participated in this study. Two teachers were selected to be the focus of this case study. Content analysis of the lesson plan and semi-structured interviews were conducted, and then data were analyzed. It revealed that the participating teachers were challenged when making predictions of students' possible responses. They seemed unaware of the ordinary students' strategies used to solve maximizing area from a given perimeter. With limited knowledge of students' possible strategies and mistakes, these teachers were poorly prepared to support student learning.

New changes to the school curriculum by enacting a minimum competency assessment (MCA) with PISA criteria in 2021 have led to confusion over the form of MCA questions among teachers and students due to limited learning resources at schools. This study aimed to produce valid and practical PISA COVID-19 mathematics tasks (PISAComat) potentially affecting mathematics literacy. This study involved 27 secondary-level students aged 15 years old with different levels of mathematics skills. Design research in the form of development studies was chosen as the core framework of this research assisted with the online learning platform. Data were analyzed descriptively through observations, tests, interviews, and document reviews. A set of PISAComat on quantity and change & relationship at the level of reasoning was gained after a formative evaluation. The formative process was conducted through zoom meetings and intensive communication at WhatsApp Group (WAG) to produce valid and practical PISAComat. After being tested in the classroom, the resulting PISAComat had been potentially effective in promoting students' mathematics literacy and life skills during the COVID-19 pandemic.

This study aimed to describe and compare the students' fluency, flexibility, and originality in solving non-routine problems in the Palembang context. They were depicted from the student's fluency, flexibility, and originality of solving the horizontal and vertical mathematization forms. This qualitative study employed. The subjects of this study were 30 students of grade nine of junior high schools in Palembang. The instruments used were tests and interviews. The tests were employed to investigate the written horizontal and vertical mathematizations forms. Meanwhile, the interviews were to explore the students' ideas with inadequately detailed answers. Then, the test and interview data were reduced and grouped based on the indicators of creativity. The reduced data were presented in a descriptive form for conclusions. The results of the data analysis showed that the high-ability students were the most fluent and flexible in solving the problems. Still, the provided solutions were less original and tended to use formal mathematics in the forms of formulas, symbols, and operations. Meanwhile, the moderate-ability students tended to start to solve problems by simplifying them, then presenting them in visual images. The answer sheets of the moderate-ability students revealed their fluency in understanding the problems and solutions, flexibility, and originality of thinking. This study obtained different results from the low-ability students who tended to have difficulties understanding the problems and made many errors in solving them. Such a condition showed their inability to write the known data and relate the data to other facts they had already learned. As a result, their answers did not represent fluency, flexibility, and originality.

Organizational change is a phenomenon that must be faced and carried out by every individual in the organization to achieve organizational goals. Embodiments of organizational change often occur not because it suits the needs of the organization but because of personal interests and power. This study aimed to determine the main factors that can create change, namely the relationship of leadership and political pressure of school principals that influence organizational change in the Public Secondary School in Madura, East Java, Indonesia. This research used a quantitative approach to survey methods. Based on the achievement of its objectives, this study included causal explanation research, the analysis of this study using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) and a sample of about 650 people collected from 1000 respondents taken from 130 schools through probability sampling techniques using AMOS software. The results showed that the leadership and political pressure of regional heads were the main factors of organizational change at SMPN (Public Secondary School) in Madura, East Java. Organizational Change depends very much on the role of the political pressure of the regional head through education policy, as well as the role of the principal's leadership in running the wheels of the organization so that the school's goals can be achieved. This study also showed that the principal's leadership as an intermediary variable from political pressure shows no influence because the political pressure of the regional head is directly related to organizational change.

The condition of all countries in the world is devastated by the presence of a corona virus epidemic known as Corona Virus Diseases-19 (COVID-19). The efforts of the Indonesian government to break the chain of distribution of COVID-19 in the midst of society is to impose a policy of keeping distance, avoiding publicity, frequent hand washing and wearing masks. This also has an impact on the field of education where learning from home is also known as work from home (WFH). Learning is done with an online learning system that at least applies distance, physical social protection. Blended learning is one that is done using the Edmodo application, which can be done online at home. The purpose of this study is to find out how effective the use of the blended-learning learning model with Edmodo applications is to students of Informatics Engineering Education during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research is a quasi-experimental design with a pre-test and post-test control group. The results of this study indicate that the use of Edmodo's blended-learning learning model in Information Technology Education students during the COVID-19 pandemic period is effective and can be used as a virtual learning solution.

The pandemic era had an enormous influence on teaching and learning activities in all regions of the world. For urban areas that generally already have a variety of adequate facilities and infrastructure, it still has an impact on their learning activities. However, this outbreak in rural areas with limitationsin teaching and learning activities hasits own story. Therefore, thisstudy aims to identify the problems encountered and the solutions implemented by teachers, lecturers, and students in the implementation of mathematics learning during the COVID-19 pandemic in one of the rural areas in Indonesia, namely Manokwari, West Papua. Teachers, students, and lecturers were all purposefully selected as research subjects for the study, which was conducted using qualitative research techniques. Data was collected through structured interviews using the WhatsApp application, then analyzed to construct narratives, tables, and images. The results showed two main problems in implementing the online mathematics learning system in West Papua, namely accessibility to Information Communications Technology (ICT) equipment and the ability to use ICT equipment in carrying out mathematics learning online. The results also show that online mathematics learning is necessary to require government involvement in planning, implementing, and evaluating online mathematics learning systems. Yet, blended learning is a learning system that is suitable to be applied in West Papua during this pandemic situation.

The environment is a global issue that must be addressed in a variety of ways, including education. Environmental topics will be included into mathematics, which is allowed to boost students' awareness of environmental concerns. This is a qualitative study conducted in a qualitative technique. The objectives of this study were to (1) describe students' mathematical abilities in solving problems related to environmental issues and (2) determine students' knowledge and responses to the environment. The research was performed on 26 students in class VIII at Villanova Catholic Middle School in Manokwari, West Papua, during the even semester of the 2020/2021 academic year. The results indicated that students were classified into four categories based on their ability to solve mathematical problems relating to environmental issues. Students who are capable of solving mathematical problems while also being environmentally conscious. Students that are capable of solving mathematical problems but have no interest in environmental issues. Students who are unable to answer mathematical tasks but are concerned about environmental issues, and students who are not able to solve mathematics problems at the same time do not care about environmental problems.

Mathematics learning is associated with 21st-century skills such as communication, collaboration, critical thinking in problem-solving, creativity, and innovation. To help students obtain these skills, a learning project was developed through "Pendidikan Matematika Realistik Indonesia" (PMRI) approach by using fruit salad recipes and collaborative learning based on the Lesson Study for Learning Community (LSLC) system. The primary purpose of this study was to develop fruit salad recipes to assist junior high school students in solving problems using mean, social arithmetic, and data presentation. It employed design research type validation studies using photos, fruit salad products, and document reviews as data collection techniques. The research subjects were 27 students of grade 8 from a junior high school in Palembang. This study resulted in a learning trajectory consisting of two activities and post-test questions. In the first activity, the students can analyze and solve problems in planning fruit salad recipes with material averaging, social arithmetic, and data presentation. In the second activity, the students can make fruit salads and write recipes based on skills to make fruit salad products. The results of this study demonstrate that in project-based learning through PMRI with the context of fruit salad recipes and the LSLC system, students can learn collaboratively. The learning helps them solve problems by using average material, social arithmetic, and data presentation in developing fruit salad recipes.

Project-based learning (PjBL) is an appropriate learning model that can shape students' scientific, social and higher-order thinking. Implementing PjBL in education gives students the freedom to plan their own learning activities, conduct projects collaboratively and produce products. In a healthy menu project, PjBL can help students calculate their excess weight. The purpose of this study was thus to design a healthy menu that assists Indonesian junior high school students solve numeracy problems using obesity context. The method followed a design research type validation studies using observation and document reviews as data collection techniques. This study produced a learning trajectory that can help grade VII students solve arithmetic operations using obesity context through two activities. In the first, the students were asked to record their respective heights and weights, then use them to determine their body mass index (BMI) and body mass ratio (BMR). Then, the students confirmed their necessary daily caloric intake, and categorized their BMI and BMR results as underweight, normal, overweight or obese. In the second activity, the students developed healthy menus per their respective tastes based on their weight categories from the first activity. The study concluded with the students successfully producing healthy menus that they designed according to their calculated required daily caloric intake.

Mathematics exists as rooted in human ideas, ways, and techniques to respond to their environments. Along with its development, mathematics has been taught through formal education or schooling in the flat- not flexible ways and far from students' social and cultural lives. Indonesia is rich with culture, including the Special Region of Yogyakarta (DIY). It is called a city of culture. Educators are not yet aware of this richness in the learning process to integrate it as the starting point. It is hard to find in mathematics textbooks in Indonesia, which put cultural context as starting points. Therefore, this study aims to explore Yogyakarta's culture in terms of contexts used in mathematics learning. It is an ethnography study. Furthermore, the data was collected through literature artifacts, field observation, and interviews with resource persons who understand the seasons, system, and calculation of birth and death days. It is to clarify the researcher's understanding of the literature. This study showed that Yogyakarta's people use mathematical modeling to determine the seasons' system and funerary dates. These models have the potential to be used as a starting point in learning mathematics.

The advent of technology has enabled the implementation of e-portfolio in students speaking performance to collect and store their artifacts online. With the implementation of technology, e-portfolio tends to be incorporated with flipped classrooms. Previous studies, however, failed to consider the implementation of this incorporation, especially in teaching speaking skills. It is thereby leading to a lack of literature on this topic. This research, therefore, aims to examine the effect of e-portfolio in flipped classrooms on students' speaking performance and explore their learning engagement. An explanatory sequential mixed-method approach consisting of speaking test and interview methods was used to obtain data from 63 twelfth grade students, 29 in the experiment group and 34 in the control. The speaking test and interviews data were analyzed using the independent t-test and the qualitative content analysis technique, respectively. The result showed a significant effect of e-portfolio in flipped classrooms on students' speaking performance. Furthermore, students showed active behavioral, cognitive, and affective engagement. In conclusion, this study discussed all three possible implications for English language teaching.