Search

In the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic outbreak, almost all Indonesians, including Bengkulu province, expect to experience the spike in positive cases of COVID-19, particularly in the Rejang Lebong Regency, resulting in many very significant changes in almost all fields, especially in the field of education. The learning process, consisting of synchronous learning, is carried out internet (online), namely face-to-face by video calls/ zoom meetings and asynchronous, namely by assignments. Using observational data methods, interviews, and notes, the research approach used is a qualitative research method. The aim of this study is to provide some explanations of the use of the zoom meeting application during a pandemic in online learning, to evaluate the constraints of using the zoom meeting application and the benefits of the application for zoom meeting from several features during a pandemic in online learning. The findings of this study show that it can be easier for lecturers and students to interact synchronously in the learning process by applying the zoom meeting application to learning during this pandemic.

Tempeh is a highly nutritious food source that is widely consumed by people every day. Tempeh artisans, such as those in Jatisari Village, produce quality tempeh through an optimal fermentation process. The ideal fermentation process takes place at a temperature of 30°C-35°C, a humidity of 65%-72%, and an ammonia gas content of 43-50 ppm, with a fermentation time of about 18 hours to produce cooked tempeh. To improve the efficiency and quality of the fermentation process, a tool that is able to control and monitor the condition of the fermentation chamber is needed automatically. This research develops a tempeh fermentation control and monitoring system using a NodeMCU microcontroller, relay, VNH2SP30, DHT11 sensor, and MQ-137 sensor, which are integrated with fuzzy logic. This system controls the incandescent lamp as a heater and the peltier as a cooler in the fermentation container compartment. Control and monitoring results are displayed in real-time via LCD and Android app, with the successful fermentation time shortened to 16 hours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

MSMEs are businesses with a micro, small to medium production scale that can be owned by individuals or in the form of business entities of a certain type. In Indonesia, MSMEs are currently being worked on and continue to grow from year to year. This study aims to examine the strategic planning of micro-enterprise development in the Department of Trade, Industry, Cooperatives and Small and Medium Enterprises, Soppeng Regency. This type of research is descriptive qualitative. Data collection techniques were carried out by observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis technique used consists of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results of the study show that Environmental Scanning (Environmental Analysis), in Soppeng Regency has abundant Natural Resources (SDA) which can be utilized by micro-entrepreneurs as a source of income by processing them into products that have sales value. Strategy formulation (Strategy Formulation), a strategic plan made by the PPK and UKM Office in accordance with the 2nd mission of the Regional Head, namely strengthening the realization of community welfare. Pay more attention to micro business actors so that they can prosper from the business they are involved in and develop. Strategy implementation (Implementation Strategy), the implementation of programs is inseparable from what has been stated in the strategic plan (renstra), but in implementing the programs researchers value it is still not optimal because of the lack of awareness of micro-entrepreneurs to register their business as fostered by the PPK Service and UKM. Evaluation and control (evaluation and supervision), evaluation of activities is carried out quarterly but for evaluation and supervision of micro business actors directly to the field the schedule is uncertain, this is due to the lack of funds to go directly to the field. Factors supporting the success of strategic planning are supported by the awareness of micro-entrepreneurs to register their businesses and complete all forms of licensing according to the type of business. The inhibiting factors for miscommunication between micro-entrepreneurs and the PPK and UKM Offices are that micro-business actors sometimes delay registering their businesses because they think that the management will be complicated and convoluted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Senduro goats, a local breed of meat and dairy goats from Indonesia, are recognized for their significance in improving goat breeding and preserving valuable genetic resources. However, limited information exists regarding the reproductive physiology of Senduro goats, which poses challenges to the development of breeding programs and the preservation of genetic resources. This study aimed to investigate the morphological and reproductive profiles of male Senduro goats at different ages, focusing on morphological characteristics, mating behavior, and sperm quality. Morphological characteristics are assessed through body length measurements, while mating behavior serves as an indicator of reproductive behavior. Macroscopic evaluations of sperm quality include assessments of color, viscosity, pH, and volume, while microscopic examinations encompass motility (mass and individual), viability, and spermatozoa membrane integrity. The results showed morphological similarities between juvenile and adult samples, with their testicular size being the only significant difference. Based on macroscopic and microscopic examinations, no significant differences were found between groups. From the results it was concluded that there were no distinct differences in morphological characteristics, mating behavior, and sperm quality between male Senduro goats in the juvenile and adult stages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many countries worldwide encounter the greatest difficulties in improving people's life quality since fossil fuel reserves are decreasing, causing fuel prices to rise drastically. This problem has made many countries, including Indonesia, struggle to import them from producers in the Middle East. Adding a small part of ethanol to gasoline is one of the solutions that has been investigated and developed. The previous works relating to blended fuels, gasoline and ethanol, generally employed absolute alcohol, which was expensive. A small surfactant was added to the mixture to stabilize the emulsion, and the blending was conducted in normal conditions (room temperature). If the composition of gasoline and aqueous ethanol is not precise, the components can be separated at a specific temperature. The present study is aimed to report the analysis of compositions and fuel specifications of aqueous emulsions of gasoline (RON 90)-ethanol-water in a single phase without using a synthetic surfactant in the temperature range of 0–25 °C. The procedures were as follows: fermentation, ethanol distillation and purification, cooling, blending, and characterization of fuel specifications. Components of gasoline (RON 90)-ethanol-water formed a stable emulsion in the composition range of 28.00‒99.79 %, 0.20‒67.97 %, and 0.01‒3.58 %. The observation found that continually increasing the amount of aqueous ethanol and temperature after one phase was attained would not lead to the separation of components. Therefore, gasoline and aqueous ethanol can form a single phase functioning as a surfactant binding water and fossil fuel. The decrease in temperature after the emulsion is stabilized can separate the components whereby it is caused by the faster density change of aqueous ethanol than gasoline [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research intends to develop the risk classification assessment model of dam break based on the population number speed and land use change in the dam downstream. This research is conducted in 10 dams in Indonesia as follow: Bintang Bano, Rotiklot, Napungette, Lolak, Kuwil, Pandanduri, Batu Nampar, Kengkang, Sepit, and Jangkih Jawa. The methodology consists of data collecting, analysis of land use change, analysis of impacted area, analysis of risk class assessment due to dam break, than to build a model development pf dam break risk classification. The affected variables to the model ia analyzed by using SemPls and the model isbuilt by using the help of GRG. By using the coefficient values of variables and indicators, and the index weight of the variables, there is obtained the model development of dam break risk classification as follow: FR tot = 0,149 FR k + 0,11 FR t + 0,242 FR e + 0,252 FR h + 0,112 FR pd + 0,134 FR pk The RMSE value for validation the model is 0.29 (close to zero), It shows that the model has high enough accuracy. By using the other method for validation such as NSE, it is obtained the value of NSE is about 0.56. It indicates that the model can be satisfied interpreted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background In previous studies, researchers have identified systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) as a risk factor for tuberculosis (TB), but data from TB-endemic countries are still relatively scarce. We examined TB in a large cohort of SLE patients in Indonesia. Methods All patients registered in a lupus registry of the top referral hospital for West Java between 2008 and 2020 were included. Data on SLE characteristics and treatment were retrieved from the registry, and data on TB diagnosis, localization, and outcome were extracted from medical records. Cox-proportional hazard model was used to examine risk factors for development of TB. Results Among 1278 SLE patients observed over a total of 4804 patient-years, 131 patients experienced 138 episodes of TB, a median of 2 years (interquartile range, 0.6–5.4) after diagnosis of SLE. A total of 113 patients (81.9%) had pulmonary involvement and 61 (44.2%) had extrapulmonary involvement, with disseminated disease in 26 of 138 episodes (18.8%), and 13 of 131 patients (9.9%) died from TB. The estimated TB incidence was 2873 cases per 100 000 person years. In multivariate cox regression analysis, development of TB was associated with household TB contact (hazard ratio [HR], 7.20; 95% confidence interval [CI], 4.05–12.80), pulse methylprednisolone therapy (HR, 1.64; 95% CI, 1.01–2.67), and age ≤25 years old at SLE diagnosis (HR, 1.54; 95% CI, 1.00–2.35). Conclusions There is a high burden of TB in SLE patients in this TB-endemic setting, underlining the need for evaluation or implementation of TB preventive strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the use of visual assets during the covid-19 pandemic in Indonesia. There are regulations related to restrictions on movement for everyone during the pandemic, and there is much confusion in information, resulting in information chaos, and one of the reasons is the inappropriate use of visual assets as a medium for the Covid-19 prevention campaign in Indonesia. This study aims to identify the misuse of these visual assets. This study uses visual data spread on social media and observation to examine billboards, banners, and the like scattered in the community. In addition to visual data, interviews were also conducted with graphic designers. The questions asked were about the reasons for determining the design and their motivation in utilizing visual assets. The analysis is carried out by building relationships between the designs created, the use of visual assets, and contextual relationships with other interests outside the substance of the Covid 19 prevention campaign program in Indonesia. The results of the study show that visual assets are not used proportionally in conveying the Covid-19 prevention campaign in Indonesia. The conclusion is that there is no policy that provides direction regarding the provisions for the use of visual assets in preventing the Covid-19 health disaster in Indonesia. This research contributes to the government because this research finds a rule model for the use of visual assets in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The World Health Organization recommends seeking medical treatment within 24 hours after transmission of malaria to reduce the risk of severe complications and its onwards spread. However, in some parts of Indonesia, including East Nusa Tenggara Province (ENTP), this adherence is not achieved for a range of reasons including delays in visiting health centres. This study aims to determine factors related to the poor understanding of appropriate malaria treatment-seeking behaviour (AMTSB) of rural adults in ENTP. AMTSB was defined as seeking treatment at professional health facilities within 24 hours of the onset of malaria symptoms. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the East Sumba, Belu, and East Manggarai district of ENTP between October and December 2019. A multi-stage cluster sampling procedure was applied to enrol 1503 participants aged between 18 and 89 years of age. Data were collected through face-to-face interviews. Multivariable logistic regression analyses were used to assess significant factors associated with the poor understanding of AMTSB. Results: Eighty-six percent of participants were found to be familiar with the term malaria. However, poor understanding level of AMTSB in rural adults of ENTP achieved 60.4% with a 95% confidence interval (CI): 56.9–63.8. Poor understanding of AMTSB was significantly higher for adults with no education (adjusted odds ratio (AOR) 3.42, 95% CI: 1.81, 6.48) compared to those with a diploma or above education level; having low SES (AOR: 1.87, 95% CI: 1.19, 2.96) compared to those having high SES; residing at least three kilometres (km) away from the nearest health facilities (AOR: 1.73, 95% CI: 1.2, 2.5) compared to those living within one km from the nearest health service; and working as farmer (AOR: 1.63, 95% CI: 1.01–2.63) compared to those working at government or non-government sector. Whilst, other factors such as ethnicity and family size were not associated with the poor understanding of AMTSB. Conclusion: The proportion of rural adults having a poor understanding of AMTSB was high leading to ineffective implementation of artemisinin-based combination therapies as the method to treat malaria in ENTP. Improving awareness of AMTSB for rural adults having low level education, low SES, working as a farmer, and living at least three km from the nearest health facilities is critical to support the efficacy of malaria treatment in ENTP. This method will support the Indonesian government's objective to achieve malaria elimination by 2030. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of smartphone technology has been beneficial. One of smartphone utilization is the use of Mobile Banking. However, the adoption rate of Mobile Banking technology in Indonesia is still relatively low. This research aims to know the adoption rate of Mobile Banking in Indonesia using Technology Acceptance Model. Based on the result, it shows that the influence of self-efficacy on perceived ease of use, self-efficacy and perceived credibility on attitude towards use, and attitudes towards use on adoption intentions provide significant value. The result can conclude that users are confident and trusted in themself in using the M-Banking application. Still, users do not feel the ease and usefulness offered by the M-Banking application in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The 2009 Indonesian roadmap to malaria elimination indicated that the nation had been progressing towards achieving malaria elimination by 2030. Currently, most of the districts in the western part of Indonesia have eliminated malaria; however, none of the districts in the East Nusa Tenggara Province (ENTP) have met these set targets. This study aimed to investigate the status of malaria awareness of rural adults in the ENTP. Methods: A community-based cross-sectional study was conducted between October and December 2019 in high, moderate, and low malaria-endemic settings (MESs) in the ENTP. After obtaining informed consent, data were collected using an interviewer-administered structure questionnaire among 1503 participants recruited by a multi-stage cluster sampling method. A malaria awareness index was developed based on ten questions. A binary logistic regression method was applied to investigate the significance of any association between malaria awareness and the different MESs. Results: The participation rate of the study was 99.5%. Of this number, 51.4% were female and 45.5% had completed primary education. The malaria awareness index was significantly low (48.8%, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 45.2–52.4). Malaria awareness of rural adults residing in low endemic settings was two times higher than for those living in high endemic settings (adjusted odds ratio [AOR]: 2.41, 95% CI: 1.81–3.21) and the basic malaria knowledge of participants living in low malaria-endemic settings was almost four times higher than that in high endemic settings (AOR: 3.75, 95% CI: 2.75–5.11). Of the total participants, 81.3% (95% CI: 79.1–83.5) were aware that malaria could be prevented and 75.1% (95% CI: 72.6–77.6) knew at least one prevention measure. Overall, the awareness of fever as the main symptom of malaria, mosquito bites as the transmission mode of malaria, and seeking treatment within 24 hours of suffering from malaria was poor at 37.9% (95% CI: 33.9–41.9), 59.1% (95% CI: 55.9–62.3), and 46.0% (95% CI: 42.3–49.7), respectively. The poor level of awareness was significantly different amongst the three MESs, with the lowest levels of awareness in the high endemic setting. Conclusion: Malaria awareness of rural adults needs to be improved to address Indonesia's national roadmap for malaria elimination. Results indicated that public health programs at a local government level should incorporate the malaria awareness index in their key strategic intervention to address malaria awareness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to deepen our knowledge of Japan's foreign policy in the Southeast Asian region and its role in Indonesia's economic development, focusing on their economic cooperation via the Indonesia–Japan Economic Partnership Agreement (IJEPA) and Manufacturing Industry Development Centre (MIDEC) programme. The former has promoted cooperation via a tariff reduction scheme, while the latter facilitates the Indonesian government's aid to micro, small and medium enterprises in the entrepreneurial sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aimed to assess the association between vitamin D levels and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), number of exacerbations, and symptoms based on COPD assessment test (CAT) scores in stable COPD patients in Indonesia. Patients and Methods: An observational cross-sectional study was conducted. Subjects were stable COPD patients who were treated at a pulmonary clinic in a tertiary referral hospital in West Java from March to June 2018. Results: Thirty subjects were recruited this study with an average age 62± 8 years. The mean vitamin D level was 20.17± 8.91 ng/mL. Half of the patients had low vitamin D level (< 20ng/mL) (50%). The mean FEV1 (%) predicted value was 37.2± 14. The median exacerbation per year was 1 (0– 5) and symptoms based on CAT score was 14 (3– 34). No correlation was found between vitamin D levels and FEV1 (%) predicted value (r=0.126, p=0.253). Vitamin D level was inversely correlated with number of exacerbations (r=− 0.639, p< 0.001) and CAT (r= − 0.802, p< 0.001). Conclusion: Low level of vitamin D was associated with more frequent exacerbation and higher CAT scores but was not associated with FEV1 (%) predicted. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The management of COVID-19 patients requires efficiency and accuracy in methods of detection, identification, monitoring, and treatment feasible in every hospital. Aside from clinical presentations and laboratory markers, chest x-ray imaging could also detect pneumonia caused by COVID-19. It is also a fast, simple, cheap, and safe modality used for the management of COVID-19 patients. Established scoring systems of COVID-19 chest x-ray imaging include Radiographic Assessment of Lung Edema (RALE) and Brixia classification. A modified scoring system has been adopted from BRIXIA and RALE scoring systems and has been made to adjust the scoring system needs at Dr. Soetomo General Hospital, Indonesia. This study aims to determine the value of scoring systems through chest x-ray imaging in evaluating the severity of COVID-19. Methods: Data were collected from May to June of 2020 who underwent chest x-ray evaluation. Each image is then scored using three types of classifications: modified score, RALE score, and Brixia score. The scores are then analyzed and compared with the clinical conditions and laboratory markers to determine their value in evaluating the severity of COVID-19 infection in patients. Results: A total of 115 patients were males (51.1%) and 110 were females (48.9%). All three scoring systems are significantly correlated with the clinical severity of the disease, with the strengths of correlation in order from the strongest to weakest as Brixia score (p< 0.01, correlation coefficient 0.232), RALE score (p< 0.01, correlation coefficient 0.209), and Dr. Soetomo General Hospital score (p< 0.01, correlation coefficient 0.194). All three scoring systems correlate significantly with each other. Dr. Soetomo General Hospital score correlates more towards Brixia score (p< 0.01, correlation coefficient 0.865) than RALE score (p< 0.01, correlation coefficient 0.855). Brixia to RALE score correlates with a coefficient of 0.857 (p< 0.01). Conclusion: The modified scoring system can help determine the severity of the disease progression in COVID-19 patients especially in areas with shortages of facilities and specialists. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The researchers implemented the quasi-experimental method of research. This research was conducted at SMAN 1 Ngemplak, Indonesia. The research was conducted from March to April 2020. In this study, the samples consisted of 70 students divided into two classes, namely Class A and Class B. The students in Class A received treatment by using the Augmented Reality Module (ARM). Meanwhile, Class B students were taught conventionally using a conventional module from the government and GeoGebra application. The instruments used in this study were written tests, the first test was in the form of multiple choices and consisted of 25 questions to measure students' spatial skills, and the second test was in the form of essays, consisted of five questions in order to measure students' problem-solving skills. The reliability of the tests had been tested before collecting the data. The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics (normality test, homogeneity test, paired t-test, and independent t-test). Based on the analyses' results, it can be concluded that Augmented Reality Module has a significant effect on students' problem-solving and spatial skills since there is an improvement in students' mean scores in the pretest and post-test results. Besides, it can be concluded that Augmented Reality learning is more effective than conventional learning since the students are usually taught using conventional modules from the government and GeoGebra application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Indonesian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Digestive Endoscopy is the property of Indonesian Society of Gastroenterology/Assoc for the Study of the Liver/Soc. for Digestive Endoscopy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Wastewater produced during the batik production process contains toxic and difficult to decompose chemicals which can cause an increase in power of hydrogen (pH), biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demands (COD), total suspended solids (TSS), and heavy metals. Wastewater produced from batik or the textile industry is generally an organic compound that is difficult to decompose, which can cause environmental pollution, especially from the aquatic environment. The effluent from the batik industry in the boiling process does not meet the quality standards set by Regulation of the Minister of Environment of the Republic of Indonesia No. 5/2014 on wastewater quality standards. Natural wastewater treatment systems such as constructed wetlands (CWs) and biological sand filter be a relevant alternative in treating wastewater because of its efficiency, cost and operation. This research aims to treat batik industry wastewater using biofilter-horizontal sub surface flow constructed wetlands (HSSFCWs) integration. The results showed a decrease in efficiency for each COD, TSS, and oil and fat parameters 72.67-86.67%; 95.85-98.18%; dan 79.47-90.04%. The results of statistical analysis showed that there was a significant influence between biofilter performance and biofilter-HSSFCWs integration in a period of 3 days, 5 days and 7 days with the dependent variable. The water from batik industry waste processing still exceeds the established quality standards so that the treated water is not allowed to be discharged into water bodies. The treated water also cannot be designated by the community because it does not meet the water quality criteria in the specified water class. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the Republic of Indonesia's Constitution, Article 22E paragraph (1), it is stated that the execution of the general election must be done in a manner which is direct, general, libre, confidential, honest and fair. Every citizen has a right which is guaranteed constitutionally to participate in the general election including those who are mentally disabled. They have the right to freely participate both directly or by electing the representatives who will be in the government. Historically, the prohibition of the voting rights for mentally disabled people is not in accordance with the Human Rights except with clear circumsance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Indonesian Journal of Gastroenterology, Hepatology & Digestive Endoscopy is the property of Indonesian Society of Gastroenterology/Assoc for the Study of the Liver/Soc. for Digestive Endoscopy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The waters of Weh Island, Aceh Province has potency become the area for offshore aquaculture. Offshore Floating Net Cages can be an appropriate technology in increasing the biomass cultivation in Weh Island waters. However, no feasibility study has been done. Therefore, this study aims to examine the suitability of offshore aquaculture locations in the East and South regions of Weh Island Based on Hydro-oceanography parameters. The parameters examined were water quality parameters such as temperature, brightness, pH, salinity and dissolved oxygen. In addition, we also examined the aspects of physical oceanography such as tides, currents and bathymetry. The results show that the water depth ranged from 0-57 m. The tidal type in the Weh Island waters is mixed tide prevailing semidiurnal with the tidal range of 1.9 m. The average of current speed ranged from 19.03-37.67 cm/s with the directions predominantly toward northwest and southeast. It is concluded that the water quality data show that the eastern and southern parts of Weh Island are categorized as the feasible locations for offshore aquaculture. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND Releasing cytokine pro inflammation in patients with sepsis (tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and IL-6) with other factors (mid regional pro atrial natriuretic peptide [MR-proANP] and TNF-α) will cause left ventricular systolic dysfunction (LVSD). This research aimed to prove MR-proANP as a biomarker of LVSD in sepsis, area under the curve (AUC), sensitivity, specificity, cut-off point and probability of MR-proANP and TNF-α as a biomarker of LVSD. METHODS Non-experimental diagnostic test with cross sectional design and simple random sampling. Variable examined consisted of MR pro ANP, TNF-α and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). LVSD if LVEF was ≤45%. Statistical analysis using 2 x 2 table and receiver operating characteristic curve using SPSS 22 for window. RESULTS There were examined 71 patients from November 2013 to March 2014 in tertiary ICU of Moewardi Hospital. There were 22 patients with mild sepsis (30.9%), 40 patients with severe sepsis (56.4%) and 9 patients with septic shock (12.7%). The AUC value of MR-proANP level was 0.84 (95% CI 0.73--0.95), p < 0.001. Optimal cut off point was ≥225.95 pmol/l and diagnostic odd ratio (DOR) was 12.11. The AUC value of TNF-α level was 0.73 (95% CI 0.60--0.86), p < 0.002. Optimal cut-off point was ≥7.36 pg/ ml and DOR was 5.03. Multivariate analysis was resulted that MR-proANP was the best predictor of LVSD (AUC 0.78), and TNF-α (0.69). CONCLUSIONS MR-proANP could be used as a biomarker and the best diagnostic predictor of LVSD. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The view of genetic structralism from Pierre Bourdieu emphasizes the importance of the origin of mental structures in individuals in addressing a social order. The mental structure of the agents is determined by the existing social structure and analysis of the origin of the structure itself. This view can be used to see the emergence of batik etiquette in Kauman and Laweyan villages Surakarta in the period 1950 - 1970s. The birth of batik etiquette is not merely a representation of products, but It is also related to the shifting of batik producers' habitus and changes in the orientation of national development politics. Habitus shift of batik producers brings the consequences of changing the attitude of batik producers in seeing the social order that is happening. Laweyan batik etiquette is more varied which is likely to be driven by the attitude of batik producers in seeing their position amid batik products from Kauman. Laweyan batik producers place themselves differently from the Kauman village batik products. This condition gave birth to the attitude of producing more etiquette than the Kauman batik etiquette. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Treatment of multidrug-resistant tuberculosis (MDR-TB) with second-line injectable drugs may result in an electrolyte imbalance. This retrospective study was performed to compare and evaluate the effect of kanamycin and capreomycin on serum potassium, calcium, and magnesium in the first and second month treatment at a tertiary, top-referral hospital in Bandung, Indonesia. Data from 84 subjects with complete medical records of at least serum potassium during either kanamycin-based or capreomycin-based treatment were retrieved from the institutional database. Among these, 53 subjects had complete serum calcium data and 53 subjects had complete serum magnesium data. After the first month of MDR-TB treatment, there was a significant decrease in mean serum potassium (4.0 ± 0.4 mEq/L to 3.7 ± 0.5 mEq/L, p<0.003) in the kanamycin-based group and (4.1 ± 0.5 mEq/L to 3.2 ± 0.6 mEq/L, p<0.001) in the capreomycin-based group. Serum potassium levels were significantly lower in the capreomycin-based group than in the kanamycin-based group (3.2 ± 0.6 mEq/L vs 3.7 ± 0.5 mEq/L, p<0.001). The incidence of hospitalization and requirement for a change in the treatment regimen due to electrolyte imbalances were higher in the capreomycin-based group. No previous longitudinal study has evaluated serum potassium, magnesium, and calcium from the first month of MDR-TB treatment with either kanamycin-based or capreomycin-based regimens. Our findings emphasize the importance of routine monitoring of serum potassium, magnesium, and calcium during MDR-TB treatment, and that more attention should be paid when treatment is given using the capreomycin-based regimen. Moreover, our study supported the 2018 World Health Organization treatment guideline recommendations for removal of kanamycin and capreomycin from the MDR-TB regimens. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease caused by the bacillus Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It is estimated that a third world population infected mycobacterium tuberculosis, 95% of cases and 98% of worldwide TB deaths occur in developing countries. Planning of pulmonary TB management, surveillance system should identified patient's location to be map using spatial and temporal approach. This study aims to understand spatial and temporal pictures of smear positive pulmonary tuberculosis disease in Kendari. Study Design: Descriptive quantitative and ecologic study. Method: Population in this study is all pulmonary Tuberculosis patients with smear positive result located in Kendari and listed in tuberculosis register at Health Official in Kendari In 2011-2013. Preparation and analysis of data with Arview GIS 3.3 software to describe the distribution of Pulmonary Tuberculosis occurrence in Kendari in 2013. Result: Finding of smear positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis cases in 2011-2013 is in low category with percentage of case range between 0-35% in all districts in Kendari, menawhile in 2013 finding of smear positive Pulmonary Tuberculosis case occurred in the populous districts that is Wua-Wua district with percetage of the case findings range between 36-69% in mild category. Increasing of TB cases occurred in 2013 as many as 1228 cases. Conclusions: Improving the strategy of overcoming, preventing, and dragging the case of pulmonary Tuberculosis particularly in vulnerable populous area which have high incidence cases in Kendari. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The application of multi-criteria analysis followed by weighted cell-based processing is one of the methods for tsunami vulnerability mapping. In this study, vulnerability due to tsunami disaster in coastal area of East Java Province Indonesia was carried out. Appropriate input criteria were derived from Digital Elevation Model data, satellite remote sensing and survey data. The criteria applied were elevation, slope, coastal proximity, river proximity, coastal type, and land use. Five classes of vulnerability were defined from low to high vulnerability. Digital Elevation Model from Aster GDEM was applied for creating elevation and slope map, while ALOS satellite image was used in land use mapping. Moreover, vector map of East Java coastal area was used for creating coastal type, coastal proximity, and river proximity map. Analytical hierarchy process was applied in the calculation of parameter's weight, and it described that elevation was the highest weight. The area that identified as slightly high and high class of tsunami vulnerability spread in the coastal area which has a lower elevation and predict as inundated area. Most of the area was urban areas with low vegetation density. The high vulnerability areas were mostly found in the coastal area with the sloping coast type. The result presented here can aid as a basic data for city planning related to disaster mitigation and for the evacuation process and management strategy during disaster. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers., commonly known as banaba and locally known as bungur , is widely used in Indonesia and other countries as a folk remedy for various chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus and hypertension. L. speciosa (L.) Pers. has been used and evaluated on conditions associated to liver diseases by altering cholesterol absorption, lipid metabolism, as well as the related gene expressions. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effect of DLBS3733, a standardized bioactive fraction of Lagerstroemia speciosa (L.) Pers. leaves, on ameliorating hepatic steatosis induced by oleic acid, and elucidate its mechanism of action to ameliorate lipid accumulation in HepG2 cells. Effects of DLBS3733 on expression of genes and proteins associated with lipid metabolism were evaluated in HepG2 cells in this study. Genes associated with lipid metabolism were evaluated using PCR, while the protein levels were revealed using western blot and ELISA. Cellular lipid accumulations and triglyceride (TG) synthesis were measured using ELISA, and antioxidant assay was conducted using DPPH assay. DLBS3733 significantly reduced lipid accumulation and TG synthesis by 51% and 32% (p < 0.01), respectively, through the significant increment of adiponectin expression by 58% (p < 0.01). Subsequently, adiponectin enhanced PPARα expression and AMPK phosphorylation which further regulate the downstream signaling pathway of lipogenesis and lipolysis. Moreover, 2.5 µg/mL DLBS3733 was found to significantly downregulate the expression of HMGCR, ACC and SREBP by 66%, 61% and 36%, respectively (p < 0.01), as well as significantly upregulate CPT-1 by 300% at the protein level (P < 0.05). DLBS3733 was also found to possess high antioxidant activity, where the highest concentration exhibited DPPH inhibition activity by up to 93% (P < 0.01). We propose that DLBS3733 may provide a prevention on hepatic steatosis through its activity as anti-lipogenesis, anti-cholesterologenesis and pro-lipolysis in HepG2 cells. This is the first report that revealed the molecular mechanism of L. speciosa (L.) Pers. as a potential treatment of hepatic steatosis-related diseases. [Display omitted] • Imbalance pathways in fatty acid & triglyceride synthesis and delivery cause accumulation of fat in hepatocytes (steatosis). • Langerstroemia speciosa (DLBS3733) ameliorated hepatic steatosis via lipid metabolism pathways (lipogenesis and lipolysis). • As lipogenesis inhibitor, DLBS3733 increase p-AMPK and repress the expressions of total SREBP, ACC and HMGCR in HepG2 cells. • DLBS3733 increase the expression of PPARα and CPT-1 as regulator of lipolysis and fatty acid transport. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Municipal solid waste management in the capital city of Indonesia, Jakarta, is examined from a point of view of researchers and waste management practitioners. Major impediments to waste management in Jakarta include non-involvement of stakeholders in planning and decision-making, unskilled staff undertaking the duty, the absence of long-term waste management strategies, and weak coordination between authorities and neighbourhood association workers who undertake primary collection. It was revealed that lack of resources is seen as the least important of all impediments. The success of managing solid waste in Jakarta cannot be separated from the presence and the role of a neighbourhood association, which performs waste collection on a daily basis as well as keeping their respective areas clean by employing their own waste service workers. A neighbourhood-based waste management strategy is a promising solution for Jakarta, because it is more applicable and suitable for Jakarta’s context compared to community-based waste management. The performance of this approach is examined and the improvement for wider adoption is discussed for a long-term solution. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Aim: to identify the serum complement 3 (C3) and complement 4 (C4) level in febrile neutropenia and non-febrile neutropenia patients., Methods: this is a cross-sectional prospective study. Samples were collected from patients with febrile neutropenia as sample group and patients with neutropenia but without fever as control. Both groups were tested for serum complement 3 and complement 4 level, and the data were analyzed using student T-test., Results: from 37 neutropenia patients, 23 were classified as febrile neutropenia group and 14 in non-febrile neutropenia as control group. Total mean neutrophil count was 653.22/ml serum in sample group and 594.36/ml serum in control group (p=0.575). Mean C3 level was 95.74 ug/dl in sample group and 130.00 ug/dl in control group, showing significant difference with p=0.031. The mean serum C4 level was 34.13 ug/ml in sample group and 34.00 ug/dl in control group, the difference is not significant with p=0.98. When sample C3 and C4 data were combined, the total level was 125.61 ug/ml, which was significantly lower than the total C3 and C4 in control group 184.07 ug/dl. (p=0.04)., Conclusion: in febrile neutropenia there is significant decrease of serum C3 level compared to non-febrile neutropenia. Serum C4 level in febrile neutropenia group is lower than the non-febrile neutropenia group, but the difference is not significant.