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Background: COVID-19 is here to stay, and humans ought to decide how to adapt. We aimed to describe lifestyle changes during COVID-19 pandemic, and to determine the prevalence and factors associated with sedentary lifestyle among older adults., Methods: We obtained data from community-dwelling older adults aged ≥60 years. We presented the data descriptively and used multivariate analysis to assess the association between Physical Activity Scale for the Elderly (PASE) -based sedentary lifestyle and other variables in several tertiary geriatric centres., Results: Among 601 participants, 21.1% had sedentary lifestyle. Ethnic groups with the highest prevalence of sedentary lifestyle were Minang, Balinese, and Sundanese. Changes related to food intake, body weight, and physical activity were seen in a small proportion of older adults. Sun exposure habit was described. Sedentary lifestyle was associated with less consumption of food (OR 2.59, 95% CI 1.07-6.30), weight loss (OR 3.00, 95% CI 1.64-5.48), and higher intensity of snacking (OR 0.45, 95% CI 0.20-0.99)., Conclusion: During COVID-19 pandemic, one out of five older adults had sedentary lifestyle, which was positively associated with less consumption of food and weight loss, and negatively associated with higher intensity of snacking. The prevalence of sedentary lifestyle varied across ethnic groups. Adequate and appropriate food intake may be crucial to keep older adults active, preventing them from entering vicious cycle of malnutrition, sarcopenia, and frailty.

Latar BelakangSebanyak 38.6% kasus kematian pasien COVID-19 di Indonesia terjadi di populasi lansia. Data mengenai profil klinis pasien rawat inap lansia dengan COVID-19 masih tidak ada. Padahal kelompok pasien ini adalah pasien risiko tinggi selama pandemi ini yang memerlukan perhatian lebih.MetodeStudi deskriptif ini menggunakan data lengkap pasien lansia dengan COVID-19 yang dirawat inap di Rumah Sakit Umum Pusat Nasional Cipto Mangunkusumo (RSUPN Cipto Mangunkusumo) dari April hingga akhir Agustus 2020. Data termasuk karakteristik klinis, gejala, komorbiditas, multimorbiditas dan luaran mortalitas pasien.HasilDi populasi pasien lansia (n=44), mayoritas berusia di antara 60-69 tahun (68%), berjenis kelamin laki-laki (66%), dan tidak memiliki riwayat kontak erat dengan pasien COVID-19 sebelumnya (86%). Gejala tersering ialah demam, batuk, dan sesak yang merupakan gejala khas COVID-19, sedangkan penyakit kronis tersering adalah diabetes melitus, hipertensi, dan keganasan. Multimorbiditas ditemukan hanya di 14% pasien lansia, dan para pasien tersebut bertahan hidup pasca infeksi virus SARS-CoV-2. Angka kematian pasien lansia rawat inap dengan COVID-19 di studi ini adalah 23%, dan 90% dari kasus kematian berjenis kelamin laki-laki.KesimpulanPasien laki-laki mendominasi kasus terkonfirmasi dan kasus kematian lansia dengan COVID-19. Gejala khas COVID-19 hanya ditemukan di sekitar setengah pasien penelitian. Pasien yang meninggal dunia memiliki persentase gejala khas lebih tinggi. Gejala tidak khas pun mungkin ditemukan di pasien lansia. Immunosenescence dan fungsi imunoregulasi jenis kelamin tertentu dihipotesiskan memiliki peran penting dalam menyebabkan kematian lansia di studi ini.Kata Kunci: Profil Klinis, Lansia, Pasien Geriatri, COVID-19, Indonesia  ABSTRACTBackgroundOlder people contributed to 38.6% of death cases related to COVID-19 in Indonesia. Data regarding clinical profile of hospitalised elderly with COVID-19 in Indonesia were still lacking. Older people are at-risk population in the pandemic, whom we should pay attention to.MethodsThis single centre descriptive study utilised complete data of elderly inpatients with COVID-19 in Indonesia's national general hospital from April to late August 2020. The data consisted of clinical characteristics, symptoms, comorbidities, multimorbidity, and mortality outcome.ResultsAmong elderly patients (n=44), a majority of patients were aged 60-69 years (68%), were male (66%), and had no history of close contact with COVID-19 patient (86%). The most common symptoms were fever, cough and shortness of breath (classic symptoms of COVID-19), whereas the most common chronic diseases were diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and malignancy. Multimorbidity was only found in 14% of patients, all of whom remained alive following SARS-CoV-2 infection. The death rate among elderly inpatients with COVID-19 in this study was 23%, and male older adults contributed to 90% of death cases.ConclusionMale patients dominated both confirmed cases and death cases among elderly with COVID-19. Classic symptoms of COVID-19 were only found in about half of the study patients. Non-survivors had higher percentage of the classic symptoms of COVID-19 than survivors. Atypical COVID-19 presentations are possible in older adults. We postulated that immunosenescence and sex-specific immunoregulatory function play an important role in causing death in this study cohort. Keywords: Clinical Profile, Elderly, Geriatric Patient, COVID-19, Indonesia.

The successful establishment of the wMel strain of Wolbachia for the control of arbovirus transmission by Aedes aegypti has been proposed and is being implemented in a number of countries. Here we describe the successful establishment of the wMel strain of Wolbachia in four sites in Yogyakarta, Indonesia. We demonstrate that Wolbachia can be successfully introgressed after transient releases of wMel-infected eggs or adult mosquitoes. We demonstrate that the approach is acceptable to communities and that Wolbachia maintains itself in the mosquito population once deployed. Finally, our data show that spreading rates of Wolbachia in the Indonesian setting are slow which may reflect more limited dispersal of Aedes aegypti than seen in other sites such as Cairns, Australia., Competing Interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist.

Indonesia is one of the countries where dengue infection is prevalent. In this study we measure the prevalence and distribution of dengue virus (DENV) DENV-infected Aedes aegypti in Yogyakarta City, Indonesia, during the wet season when high dengue transmission period occurred, as baseline data before implementation of a Wolbachia-infected Aedes aegypti trial for dengue control. We applied One-Step Multiplex Real Time PCR (RT-PCR) for the type-specific-detection of dengue viruses in field-caught adult Aedes aegypti mosquitoes. In a prospective field study conducted from December 2015 to May 2016, adult female Aedes aegypti were caught from selected areas in Yogyakarta City, and then screened by using RT-PCR. During the survey period, 36 (0.12%) mosquitoes from amongst 29,252 female mosquitoes were positive for a DENV type. In total, 22.20% of dengue-positive mosquitoes were DENV-1, 25% were DENV-2, 17% were DENV-3, but none were positive for DENV-4. This study has provided dengue virus infection prevalence in field-caught Aedes aegypti and its circulating serotype in Yogyakarta City before deployment of Wolbachia-infected Aedes aegypti ., Competing Interests: The authors declare no conflict of interest.

of mosquito vector populations, particularly through Wolbachia endosymbionts. The success of these strategies depends on understanding the dynamics of vector populations. In preparation for Wolbachia releases around Yogyakarta, we have studied Aedes populations in five hamlets. Adult monitoring with BioGent- Sentinel (BG-S) traps indicated that hamlet populations had different dynamics across the year; while there was an increase in Aedes aegypti (L.) and Aedes albopictus (Skuse) numbers in the wet season, species abundance remained relatively stable in some hamlets but changed markedly (>2 fold) in others. Local rainfall a month prior to monitoring partly predicted numbers of Ae. aegypti but not Ae. albopictus. Site differences in population size indicated by BG-S traps were also evident in ovitrap data. Egg or larval collections with ovitraps repeated at the same location suggested spatial autocorrelation (<250 m) in the areas of the hamlets where Ae. aegypti numbers were high. Overall, there was a weak negative association (r<0.43) between Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus numbers in ovitraps when averaged across collections. Ae. albopictus numbers in ovitraps and BG-S traps were positively correlated with vegetation around areas where traps were placed, while Ae. aegypti were negatively correlated with this feature. These data inform intervention strategies by defining periods when mosquito densities are high, highlighting the importance of local site characteristics on populations, and suggesting relatively weak interactions between Ae. aegypti and Ae. albopictus. They also indicate local areas within hamlets where consistently high mosquito densities may influence Wolbachia invasions and other interventions.