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The development of sweet corn in Indonesia using cultivation techniques in the form of crop spacing is expected to affect the plant population and affect the competition between plants in using water and nutrients, and the application of potassium fertilizer functions in the formation of sugar and starch, sugar translocation, enzyme activity and stomatal movement. The research was conducted in Gombang Village, Plered District, Cirebon Regency from March to June 2023. The treatment used a Randomized Group Design (RAK) factorial pattern consisting of two factors, namely crop spacing and potassium fertilizer dose, obtained 9 treatment combinations and repeated 3 times, so that in total there were 27 experimental plots. The results showed that the spacing of 50 cm x 40 cm (J2) and potassium fertilizer dossage of 100 kg K2O/ha (K2) showed the best effect on the weight of the corn cob with husks per plot which produced 31.85 kg/plot or equivalent to 21.23 tons/ha. There was a significant correlation between the growth components of plant height at 5 weeks and 6 weeks and the number of leaves at 4 weeks and 5 weeks with the weight of the corn cob with husks per plot. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several investigations have proven the existence of monsoons in Indonesia. However, this has received little attention due to the scientific argument that the region of 10° N–10° S is not monsoonal because it receives precipitation all year round. This study used space–time SVD analysis of atmospheric and oceanic field data for 30 years (1990–2020) to detect monsoon signals and related features. The single-field SVD analysis of rainfall revealed that the first mode accounts for only 33% of the total variance, suggesting it is highly variable. Both the PC space and time series show the well-known monsoon pattern. Further, the Indonesian monsoon regimes and phases are defined based on the revealed rainfall features. The wet season lasts from November to April, accounting for more than 77% of annual precipitation. The coupled-field SVD analyses show that Indonesian monsoon rainfall strongly correlates with local SST (PC1 accounts for 70.4%), and the pattern is associated with the Asian winter monsoon. The heterogonous vector correlation map analysis revealed that the related features during the monsoon, including the strengthening and weakening of subtropical anticyclones, the intertwining of westerly wind in the Indian Ocean, and variations in the north–south dipole structure of the ocean temperature, are linked to variations in Indonesia's monsoon rainfall. This result can serve as the dynamic basis for defining the Indonesian monsoon index in the context of the center of action. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research focused on evaluating the technical viability of using biodiesel with a blending ratio of 40% v/v, which is expected to be implemented soon in Indonesia. Two kinds of biodiesel blends were prepared, a blend of 60% diesel fuel and 40% biodiesel (B40) and a blend of 60% diesel fuel, 30% biodiesel, and 10% hydrogenated vegetable oil (HVO) (B30D10). The fuels were tested on EuroII vehicles without any engine modifications through a 50,000 km endurance road test. Laboratory tests were also performed at certain traveled distances to evaluate various engine parameters, including power, fuel economy, exhaust emissions, and used engine oil properties. Engine components were inspected upon the completion of the road test. Cold-start ability was also examined to confirm the suitability of the investigated biofuels at low-temperature operating conditions in Indonesia. The road test results showed that vehicles fuelled with B40 and B30D10 could reach a distance of 50,000 km without encountering any technical issues. The laboratory evaluation during the road test indicated that B30D10 had a higher power and fuel economy than B40, with a maximum difference of 2%. Furthermore, B30D10 emitted lower CO, HC, and PM emissions than B40 throughout the distance traveled, with maximum differences of 11.4%, 14.7%, and 22.6%, respectively, but led to 15% higher NOx. Engine component inspection and used engine oil analysis confirmed the fulfillment of the manufacturer's recommendations for both B40 and B30D10. Finally, B40 and B30D10 were suitable for operating at low ambient temperatures in Indonesia, confirming them as practical options to be implemented in the nationwide 40% biodiesel blend fuel. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Farming in Indonesia has a very important role so that in every stage of national economic development, the agricultural sector is not ruled out. Some of the reasons underlying the importance of agriculture in Indonesia are the large and diverse resource potential. One of the sub-sectors of the agricultural sector that has occupied an important position as a sub-sector that produces agricultural products that have a fairly high commercial value, namely the horticulture sub-sector. Horticulture sub-sector commodities in Indonesia are divided into four major groups, namely fruits, vegetables, ornamental plants, and medicinal plants. This study aims to find out the characteristics of consumers and what factors influence the decisions of vegetable consumers in Cilimus Market, Kuningan Regency. The study was conducted from October to November 2022. This study used a non-opportunity sample technique with a sample of 40 people. Data analysis techniques in this study use descriptive analysis to describe consumer characteristics. Furthermore, this research uses the Principal Component Analysis extraction method. The results showed that (1) the characteristics of consumers who buy vegetables at Cilimus Market, Kuningan Regency are mostly women, aged between 42-51 years, married status, the number of family members 3-5 people, the education level of most high schools, the type of work as a housewife, the amount of income Rp. 1,000,000 – Rp. 2,000,000, monthly expenses to buy vegetables ranging from Rp. 100,000 – Rp. 200,000 and (2) environmental factors, Psychology, individual differences and attribute assessments have a real influence on consumer decisions in purchasing vegetables at Cilimus Market, Kuningan Regency [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The expansion of oil palm plantations has become of global concern. Jambi Province in Indonesia is one of the regions experiencing a rapid shift in land use, and oil palm plantation, settlement, and agriculture have emerged as the primary force behind this shift. This study aims to project scenarios of future land-use change and expansion of oil palm plantations in Jambi Province in 2030, 2060, and 2100. This study uses land-use map Jambi Province and driving factor data, including elevation, slope, river, road, and forest. Projections of land-use change scenarios are conducted using the Land Change Modeler (LCM), in which Cellular Automata Markov (CA-Markov) is the model base. The validation of the model against historical land-use changes showed an overall kappa value of 0.97. In the no-conservation scenario, assuming a continuation of the trends from 1990 to 2011, the forest area continues to decrease. Oil palm will replace forest as the dominant landuse cover in Jambi Province in 2100. Driving factors explaining the spatial distribution of oil palm plantation expansion include distance from forest, distance from road, and elevation. Our study shows the importance of government regulations' importance in slowing or stopping deforestation, especially for forests near plantations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The number of people who have diabetes has been increasing rapidly. Diabetes is a chronic illness that requires continuous intervention to prevent long-term complications and lower the financial burden of treatments. In the elderly, diabetes is linked to higher mortality, reduced functionality, and increased risk of hospitalization. Educational tools that cater to the elderly need to be used to improve the quality and outcomes of patient education among those with diabetes. This paper discussed strategies for improvement using the Life Diabetes Conversation Map in diabetes self-management education among the elderly with diabetes. We conducted a non-systematic search to find evidence from online databases using the keywords: diabetes conversation map, diabetes education, and elderly. Then, we discussed and conducted an integrative review of the Life Diabetes Conversation Map based on how it works, and the benefits and the feasibility or challenges for the Indonesian community. Our findings suggested that the Diabetes Conversation Map was an innovative patient educational tool that used interactive group participation to empower people with diabetes to become actively involved in managing the disease. The maps are a series of pictorial guides through which people engage in discussion and share their beliefs and their experiences of living with diabetes which has many benefits. Challenges for the Indonesian community included needing further innovation for proper language and cultural adjustment and integration into the Public Health Centers' activities as a primary health care service. Along with these activities, elders could join cooking activities or regular aerobic exercise. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Aptitude Treatment Interaction (ATI) is used as a learning method that treats differences in student abilities; this is considered appropriate for Nahwu learning. The purpose of this study is to elaborate on Nahwu's learning activities using Aptitude Treatment Interaction (ATI) through the involvement of lecturers and students. This study uses a qualitative approach; the participants are non-Arabic speaking Nahwu students in Indonesia, totaling 40 students. Data collection techniques are using observation, structured interviews, and using questionnaires. The results showed that there were implications for the use of Aptitude Treatment Interaction (ATI) in learning motivation, as indicated by an increase in scores on the evaluation of students' Nahwu understanding abilities and perceptions that showed a good assessment of this method. The recommendation of this research is the preparation of teaching materials based on Aptitude Treatment Interaction (ATI) for Nahwu learning that can be done at universities in Indonesia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We report the sediment features of the 2018 Palu tsunami in Indonesia based on the results of laboratory analysis. The mechanism for generating the 2018 Palu tsunami was a combination of an earthquake and a landslide, and several previous studies classified the tsunami as having a shorter wavelength and period. The characteristics of the deposits of tsunamis with shorter wavelengths and periods are not well recognized. We analysed samples of tsunami deposits along two transects on the east coast of Palu Bay. Grain size analysis showed that the deposits were generally fining upward along the transect, except for the seaward sites at Kayumalue. At both transects, grain sizes were mostly unimodally distributed. The organic and carbonate content in the tsunami deposits fluctuated, but in general the carbonates were higher in the tsunami deposits than in the pre-tsunami deposits. Organic matter tended to be higher in the pre-tsunami sediments. The content of geochemical elements also fluctuated. The content of foraminifera in the tsunami deposits was dominated by benthic species. The dominant sources of tsunami deposits were the transition to inner neritic zones, with minor contribution from pre-tsunami sediments. We conclude that the short-wave tsunami deposits of the Palu event are characterized by thin deposits with a dominant unimodal grain size distribution, sourced mostly from the shallow areas of Palu Bay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climatic conditions and land cover play crucial roles in influencing the process of carbon uptake through vegetation. This study aimed to analyze the effect of climate variability on carbon uptake of four different land covers in Jambi Province, Indonesia. The four land cover types studied were: forest, shrub, grass, and irrigated soybean, based on Community Land Model version 5. Forest was found to have the highest net primary production (NPP) compared to the other land covers. Seasonal climate variability showed no major effect on NPP and gross primary production (GPP). However, GPP and NPP experienced significant declines during El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO), particularly in 2015. Carbon use efficiency (CUE = NPP/GPP) was also affected by ENSO, where CUE decreased during El Niño, particularly in October and November with an increased number of days without rainfall. In addition, the difference between latent (LE) and sensible heat (H) flux, denoted as (LE-H), decreased from August to November. This difference was highly correlated with NPP. This result indicates that when water supply is low, stomata will close, thereby reducing photosynthesis and transpiration, and allocating more of the available energy to sensible heat flux rather than latent heat flux. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Madden-Julian Oscillation and Cold Surge phenomena have been known to cause increased rainfall, with the capacity to trigger hydrometeorological disasters, in western Indonesia. However, further investigations are required regarding the interaction between these phenomena on rainfall pattern. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the interaction between MJO and CS over western Indonesia, particularly by using land-based rainfall observation data from multiple stations, as previous studies were dominated by the use of gridded data from remote observations. This study utilized in-situ observation data obtained from 4329 weather observations and rain stations between 1989 and 2018. Subsequently, quality control performed based on data availability exceeding 70% over a 30-year period resulted in 303 selected stations to be used for further analysis. Meanwhile, the RMM index, as well as reanalysis data of mean sea level pressure and 925 hPa meridional wind, were also applied for MJO and CS identification. According to the composite analysis, the effect of CS on MJO phases tends to increase precipitation by about 50%, over western Indonesia, with maximum increase ranging from 200 to 400% over the northeastern coast of Sumatra, around Karimata Strait (Riau Islands and West Kalimantan), as well as the northern coast of Java. These areas are exposed to the sea and have direct access to the wind-terrain interaction. In addition, the highest rainfall anomaly due to the MJO-CS interaction occurs around Karimata Strait, followed by northern Sumatra and Java, with spatially averaged rainfall anomaly reaching 5 mm/day over the area. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This manuscript examines the role of intermediaries known as "brokers" in mobilizing voters, often by distributing cash and material goods, for campaigns in Indonesia. We build upon previous studies by examining the role of social networks in recruiting brokers into campaigns, the structure of brokerage networks, and the motivations of brokers to join a campaign. Whereas past studies tend to view the candidate-broker relationship in transactional terms, our study finds that the social network of candidates is also an important factor that helps explain how brokerage networks are structured and also the considerations that motivate brokers to work for a campaign. While material benefits and transactional considerations do motivate some brokers, we also find a wide variety of solidary benefits such as personal friendships and shared membership in social organizations as motivating factors for many other brokers. Our findings are based on in-depth interviews with approximately 150 individuals (candidates, brokers, citizens, etc.) during the 2017–2019 series of Indonesian elections which includes local village head elections, legislative elections, and the gubernatorial election. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The government is helping to strive for farm protection in the form of agricultural insurance aimed at addressing farmers' losses, as stated in Law Number 19 of 2013 concerning farmer protection and empowerment, which has been followed up with the issuance of the Minister of Agriculture Regulation No. 40 of 2015. Agricultural insurance is a risk transfer can provide compensation due to loss of farming so that the sustainability of farming can be guaranteed. This research was conducted in Gapoktan Mitra Tani, Citemu Village, Mundu District, Cirebon Regency. Conducted in November 2019 until June 2020. Research was conducted to find out (1) to find out farmers' perceptions on rice farm insurance program plans, (2) to find out farmers' perceptions of the implementation of rice farm insurance programs, (3) to determine farmers' perceptions of the impact of the rice farm insurance program in Gapoktan Mitra Tani Usaha, Citemu Village, Mundu District, Cirebon Regency. The method that used in this research is a quantitative method with a survey method and a case study approach. The data that used in this study are primary data and secondary data. Primary data were obtained from the results of direct interviews with Perception farmers, interview techniques were guided by questionnaires, secondary data were obtained from literature studies and from related agencies. The results of the study show that: (1) farmers' perceptions of the plan rice farm insurance program (AUTP) in Gapoktan Mitra Tani are very good, (2) farmers' perceptions of the implementation of the rice farm insurance program (AUTP) are good, and (3) farmers' perceptions of the impact of the rice farm insurance program (AUTP) in Gapoktan Mitra Tani, Citemu Village, Mundu District, Cirebon Regency is good. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to measure the effect of authentic leadership style and psychological capital on the innovative work behavior of a Lectures in pharmacy faculty. Psychological capital also plays a role as a mediation between the relationship between authentic leadership and innovative work behavior. Data collection was carried out by simple random sampling and the returned and valid questionnaire results were 120 respondents. Data processing was using the SEM method with SmartPLS 3.0 software. The results of this research are authentic leadership style and psychological capital have a positive and significant effect on innovative work behavior. Psychological capital as a mediator for the relationship between authentic leadership style and innovative work behavior. This novel research is proposing a model to enhance innovative work behavior among lectures of Islamic Universities in Indonesia through authentic leadership practice and psychological capital. This research can pave the way to improve lectures readiness in facing global business competition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Healthy Rice Cultivation Dem Area Program is a national program in the context of increasing farmers' knowledge and skills in implementing rice cultivation which has been carried out by the Ministry of Agriculture of the Republic of Indonesia since 2018. This research was conducted in the village of Purwawinangun Working Area UPT BP3K Gunung Jati Cirebon Regency. The variables studied include economic empowerment and local potential variables to the success of the DEM AREA program. To find out the variables studied, descriptive data analysis was used with primary and secondary data, multiple linear regression analysis, and the Ftest and the Ttest (different test of two average paired samples). The results of the research showed: (1) The implementation of local potentialbased economic empowerment in Purwawinangun Village, Suranenggala District, Cirebon Regency through 3 stages, namely: the awareness stage, the transformation stage, and the capacity building stage, (2) The economic empowerment variable significantly affected the success of the DEM AREA program, (3) The local potential variable significantly affected to the success of the DEM AREA program, and (4) Economic empowerment and local potential variables have a significant effect simultaneously (simultaneously) to the success of the DEM AREA program. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to determine the level of efficiency of the zakat institutions for the period 2012-2016 and find out the causes of its inefficiencies. This study uses financial report from five zakat institutions that are sampled, namely BAZNAS, Rumah Zakat, Dompet Dhuafa, PKPU, and Rumah Yatim. The research method used is descriptive meth with data envelopment analysis (DEA) technique, the novelty from this research is on the newest period of zakat institutin financial report and the object variable. Based on the results of research conducted it is known that in the period 2012-2016, zakat institutions conditions in indonesia were not yet fully efficient. There are four zakat institutions that experience efficiency, and there are 4 efficient zakat institutionss from 23 zakat institutions in general from 2012-2016, namely Rumah Zakat 2015, 2016 and also PKPU in 2012, 2016, the rest are 15 zakat institutions which are not yet fully efficient. The cause of the inefficiency in the zakat institutions was mainly due to the high operational costs incurred and the still low receipt of zakat funds obtained and the distribution of zakat funds were only used for the short term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• The geothermal energy, especially low-temperature geothermal energy (LTGE), is one of renewable energy with abundant sources in Indonesia. • Several challenges exist in regard to utilize the LTGE in Indonesia, such as expensive investment to drill the source of energy and issues of silica scaling. • The two-phase closed thermosyphon (TPCT) is a good candidate technology to harvest and accelerate the utilization of the LTGE resource, especially to improving the agricultural drying performance. • aHeat Transfer Laboratory, Department of Mechanical Engineering University of Indonesia, Campus UI, Depok 16,424, Indonesia. • bResearch and Development Center For Electricity, New, Renewable Energy and Energy Conservation Technology (P3tek KEBTKE), Ministry of Energy and Mineral Resources (KESDM), Bogor, 16,340, Indonesia. Due to the decline in the availability of fossil fuel and its destructive impact on the environment, there is a need to accelerate the use of more sustainable and safer environmental energy. The geothermal energy is one of renewable energy with abundant sources, especially in Indonesia where the source of low-temperature geothermal energy (LTGE) spreads around the country. However, several challenges exist in regard to its use, such as expensive investment to drill the source of energy and issues of silica scaling. To solve these challenges and boost the utilization of LTGE, a technology that can easily harvest is needed. A potential technology that is capable of handling this issue is the two-phase closed thermosyphon (TPCT). Therefore, this study aims to investigate the thermal performance of TPCT as a heat pipe heat exchanger (HPHE) to harvest LTGE for agricultural drying. The TPCT was made from a copper tube with a 1-inch diameter and 700 mm in length. Demineralized water with a 55% filling ratio was used as the working fluid. The vacuum pressure inner TPCT was -50 cmHg and -70 cmHg. A total of 18 pcs of TPCTs were used, with 30 fins made from a copper plate. Furthermore, the LTGE source was simulated using hot water that can be adjusted and flowed by a pump. The experimental results showed that the vacuum pressure on the TPCT greatly affected the heat transfer performance of the system. Also, the highest TPCT-HPHE effectiveness was 0.31, obtained with a vacuum pressure at TPCT, hot water temperature, and air velocity of -70 cmHg, 80 °C, and 0.2 m/s, respectively. From the results, it was concluded that TPCT can be proposed as a good candidate technology to harvest and accelerate the utilization of the LTGE resource. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mapping agricultural land cover data is important as an effort to support national food security, especially in Boyolali, Central Java Province, Indonesia which is one of the national rice granaries. However, mapping in the mountain slope area using optical data only is challenging due to cloud cover. The development of remote sensing technology has encouraged the possibility to integrate data with different sensors. This data integration is needed to optimize the ability to detect and map cropland that has a variety of characteristics. Therefore, this study aims to identify the cropland through the integration of time-series optical and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) data. Detection of cropland was carried out using 2021 data. Polarisation of VV, VH, and ratio of VV/VH data was derived from the Sentinel-1, whereas image indices of Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), and Soil Adjusted Vegetation Index (SAVI) data were obtained from Sentinel-2. Data of Sentinel-1 and Sentinel-2 was combined and several features were selected based on their importance score. Random Forest (RF) classification was then performed. The result show that the mapping using integrated data could improve the accuracy. This indicates the possibility of data to be implemented in further studies such as the cropland type mapping and the estimation of food productivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]