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Micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) have an important role in Indonesia to play not only as a source of employment but also growth of gross domestic product (GDP) and exports, specially manufactured goods such as garments, food, footwear, electronics, and crafts. To support MSME exports, the Indonesian government hopes to build stronger collaboration with them. Many journal articles regarding exports of MSMEs have been executed in developing countries. However, no research has been conducted concerning the cooperative role of MSMEs in supporting their exports. Therefore, this descriptive study filled the gap by analyzing the cooperation of MSMEs in supporting their exports in Indonesia by analyzing secondary data from the 2019 Profile of Micro and Small Industries (MSIs) in the Manufacturing Industry from the Indonesian Statistics (BPS) and online database from the Indonesian Minister of Cooperative and Small and Medium Enterprise. Although the data does not provide further information regarding how many MSEs are members of cooperatives who export, the scatter plot in this study shows that there is a positive relationship between the number of MSEs who export and the number of MSEs who are members of cooperatives. Even though other factors had a stronger influence on export competencies, cooperatives still supported MSEs to export their goods. This study contributes to more substantial empirical evidence on the relationship between cooperatives and MSMEs in Indonesia and developing countries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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This action research aims to explore the issues of microfinance and women's empowerment in urban Indonesia, and the role of accounting on the issues. Drawing on critical accounting theory, this study employs feminism and empowerment theory based on Foucault's work to investigate the activities of female micro-entrepreneurs who are members of a Sharia cooperative. The study was conducted using an action research method for eight months with observation and interviews with 40 female micro-entrepreneurs. It is found that the lending scheme applied in the cooperative follows the principle of family resilience. In this context, the empowerment is not aimed at women only, but also at the family as the subject. The female entrepreneurs gain benefits from the microfinance initiatives and hence perceive themselves as being empowered. The cooperative loans transform them into neoliberal agents and the family resilience programs act as a shield to avoid the negative impact of their success on the gender relations in the family and as a reminder that their success also comes from the family's support. This study also found that the simple accounting system introduced to the women is perceived to be useful in enhancing their financial skills to support small businesses. How microfinance initiatives empower women has been studied extensively in previous research; however, how accounting can play a significant role in the process has rarely been investigated in the extant literature. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This research aims to delineate how the family principle has been regarded and understood in Indonesia's Economy. Furthermore, it seeks to comprehensively understand the family principle to prevent further misconceptions or multi-interpretations. The method used is the qualitative approach that is based on literary studies. Besides providing the advantage of being exploratory in nature, the approach is suitable for studies in the environment of economic theory as researchers attempt to gain understanding through the thoughts and interpretation building of significant figures in the Indonesian economy. Overall, it is evident that cooperation and competition are the two crucial and equally important elements of the family principle to understand the concept comprehensively. Thus, the research concluded that both concepts had been integrated into the family principle as coopetition, whereas all economic institutions recognized by the constitution simultaneously compete and cooperate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cooperatives play a prominent role in the agricultural sector, both in developed and developing countries. This study aimed to examine the cost and profitability of direct marketing between a cooperative and its farmers member. Data were collected based on a direct face-to-face economic survey using the purposive sampling method for a case study of Alam Kerinci cooperative, the biggest arabica coffee cooperative in Kerinci Regency, Indonesia, and its farmers. Cost-profitability calculation analysis was conducted, and the non-parametric Mann-Whitney test was used to examine the differences between the inputs, variables, cost, and profitability. The results highlighted that the cooperative's variable cost was enormous, reaching 98.15% of its total costs, and its major component was purchasing red cherry beans, with a value of 57.80%. For farmers, the largest cost was variable cost (79.51%), with hired labor as the major component, reaching 31.47%. The profitability for the cooperative and its farmers can be demonstrated by the monthly net profit, which was IDR 96,787,500 and IDR 1,714,108, respectively. This confirmed that the cooperative's profit was larger than that of farmers. However, the farmers' cost-benefit ratio was higher than the cooperative's, at 0.87. The implication of this study is that farmers benefitted economically from this scheme. The study makes a novel contribution as it shows that a direct marketing scheme with the cooperative is beneficial to farmers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The group of Floating Net Cages (FNC) fishermen in Tanjung Limau Bontang, East Kalimantan Indonesia which is assisted by a team Creating Shared Value (CSV) of PT. Pupuk Kalimantan Timur (PKT) has reached exit program. The group started with 10 (ten) traditional fishermen under the name of Fantasi. Then the PKT chose 10 (ten) fishermen from all fishermen in North Bontang District. This group are trained in internship in cooperative Alam Bahari Tanjung Lesung in Pandeglang, Banten to learn grouper fish and lobster cultivation and cooperatives. After the internship is finished, the fishermen established a cooperative named Koperasi Nelayan Bontang Ekonomi dan Pariwisata Maritim (Bontang Fishermen Cooperative of Economy and Maritime Tourism) to be shortened Kop BEM and Fantasi group is merged with Kop BEM. The number of members and FNC increases every year, and at the end of 2020 there are 74 members with 124 plots including replications in Gusung and Bontang Kuala in Bontang City. The type of research is descriptive qualitative. The data collection techniques are observation with interviews to purposive informant. The result of research show that the positif impacts of the cooperative existence to the self sufficient of Fishermen in Tanjung Limau. The harvest of grouper fish is exported to numerous countries. Each fisherman of Kop BEM obtained between IDR450.000 to IDR4.500.000 on average every month; The remaining results of operations for every member is IDR371.120 on average; the asset managed is IDR3.158.310.000. Under the guidance of PKT, Kop BEM becomes the place of internship for students of fisheries faculty and fishermen from outside Bontang to study grouper fish and lobsters cultivation, cooperatives and has replicated three FNC, two FNC in Bontang and one FNC in Miang Island, East Kutai. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The research aimed to uncover the effect of JiRQA learning a model of based gender on students’ achievement at the environmental pollution material. The method was quasy-experimental using of 2 x 2 factorial. The population was all students at junior high school from Ketungau Tengah, Indonesia. The samples were 120 students from two separate schools which represented gender differently. The instrument using a multiple-choice test. Data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential analysis. The results of the descriptive analysis show that the average pre-test of achievement in the experimental and control classes both male and female genders have the same value category and post-test in the control classes have a different value category. The results of ANCOVA show that the learning model had a significant effect on achievement, while gender and the interaction of learning models and gender did not have a significant effect on achievement. Classes that use the JiRQA learning model have a higher and significantly different from conventional classes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]