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This study investigates potential predictors of teacher-child relationships (i.e., closeness and conflict) focusing on child gender, teacher-child ethnicity match, and teacher education. Additionally, the study explores the possible moderation effect of teacher education on the associations between teacher-child relationships and child gender or teacher-child ethnic match. The participants of this study were 159 preschoolers and their 34 teachers in 20 preschools located in a suburban area in Indiana, USA. Due to the nested structure of the data, hierarchical linear modeling (HLM) was employed. The results showed that teacher-child closeness was explained by teacher- and child-level variables, whereas teacher-child conflict was explained mostly by child-level variables. Additionally, boys were found to establish less close relationships with their teachers compared to girls. On average, teachers having a bachelor's degree (BA) showed lower teacher-child closeness compared to teachers without a BA. However, teachers with a BA were more likely to report equitable relationships among children regardless of child gender. Teacher-child ethnic match was not significantly related to either teacher-child closeness or conflict. The article also offers a discussion on the implications of these findings.

This study examined the associations between four types of childcare quality (i.e. teacher-child closeness, frequency of math-related activities, and teacher education and experience) and preschoolers' residualised gain in math over the course of six months. Additionally, potential interactions between teacher-child closeness and other indicators of childcare quality were examined. Findings indicated that teacher-child closeness was positively associated with math gains, and the main effect was moderated by teacher experience: the association between teacher-child closeness and gains in math was weaker for children with more experienced teachers. Findings also showed that the frequency of math activities related to shapes and patterns were positively related to gains in math, while none of the other frequencies of math-related activities were significant. Lastly, teacher's experience was negatively associated with early math development. Policy implications were discussed.