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General surgery lost much of its vigor over the last four decades due to fragmentation into super-specialties. Descent with evolution has radically reversed this ostracism with the resurgence of a new generation of revamped general surgeons. This article recounts the journey of general surgery from lag to log phase over the last few decades in the light of human evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To determine the factors that influence Pediatric residents to pursue a subspecialty career and establish their choice of future workplace.Methods: The present questionnaire based study was conducted during a National level pediatric post graduate exam refresher course in Chennai, India and involved Pediatric residents from all parts of India. Datas was analysed with the statistical package for social sciences (SPSS, version 18.0).Results: Seventy five respondents participated in the study. Eighty-nine percent of the female students reported that marriage has an influence on whether or not to do sub specialisation and their choice of it while 92% of the male students found it irrelevant. Fifty-one (male - 75%, female - 58%) students pragmatically cited "interest in the subject Pediatrics" when asked for the reason choosing Pediatrics as their future career. Neonatology was the most chosen speciality followed by Critical Care and Cardiology. When asked to indicate the most important factors that is likely to influence their decision whether or not to pursue sub speciality program, the largest proportion of students identified "financial reasons" (31; 41%) followed by "job opportunities" (16; 21%).Conclusions: Pediatric residents should compulsorily be exposed to all subspecialties during their post-graduation. Adequate career guiding and exposure to various subspecialties will make the residents pursue subjects like Pediatric Nephrology, Hemato-oncology, Developmental Pediatrics and Hepatology which have less takers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]