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Objectves: This present work was carried out to formulate and evaluate herbal ointments using Mikania micrantha and Tridax procumbens. Materials and Methods: The extracts were prepared using maceration technique. A simple ointment base was prepared using white soft paraffin and liquid paraffin. The extracts were incorporated into the ointment base following levigation method. The amount of extract to be incorporated into the ointment base was determined according to their minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) against Staphylococcus aureus MTCC 87. The formulated ointments were evaluated for several physicochemical characteristics like colour, odour, homogeneity, washability, spredability, irritation potential etc. Antistaphylococcal assay was conducted using well diffusion method. Ointment base containing white soft paraffin and liquid paraffin was used as negative control and Supragent containing Gentamicin sulphate was used as a positive control. Results: The formulated ointments showed satisfactory results for tested physicochemical parameters. Both ointments showed moderate antistaphylococcal activity with reference to the activity showed by Supragent. Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that the formulated ointments can be incorporated into India's medicine system for treating Staphylococcus aureus induced skin ailments in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Skin conditions are common health problem in developing country like India. Skin biopsy is most common and critical investigating tool for diagnosing skin disease. The histological diagnosis is used by clinicians to aid in the management of patients and in deciding most appropriate clinical interventions. Materials and methods: The study included a total of 133 patients skin biopsies which were received in the Department of Pathology, GMERS Medical College and Hospital, Sola, Ahmedabad during the period ranging from January 2020 to December 2020. Results: Maximum cases of skin biopsies were received in age group between 21 to 40 years (n=66) Among the non-tumoral lesions, infectious diseases were most common (n=36) followed by keratinization disorder (n=22), eczematous conditions (n=17) and Lichenoid disorders were present in 16 cases. In nine biopsies tumors were reported, of which, four were benign appendigeal tumors and five were of cutaneous deposits. Conclusion: Histopathological examination of skin biopsy remains the gold standard technique for diagnosing a variety of skin lesions and plays a decisive role in patient management. Histopathological examination of the skin biopsy in correlation with, clinical history, aids in the accurate diagnosis of the majority of the skin lesions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Scabies, a contagious skin infestation by the mite Sarcoptes scabieii. It has no gender differences and infects all age group. This skin disease affects more than 300 million people per year worldwide, resulting in considerable morbidity, especially in resource-limited countries. Aims and Objectives: To find out prevalence and risk factor of scabies in rural population and to recommend measures for prevention and control of scabies. Material and Methods: A prospective cross sectional study was carried out over a period of 4 months from 1 Dec 2019 to 31 March 2020 in dermatology OPD at Rural health training centre (RHTC) of a medical college in Dhaura Tanda region of Uttar Pradesh. Total 310 patient including male and female of all age group were included in the study. Results: Majority of participants were females (58.1%). The prevalence of scabies was 24.2% in population. The mean age at presentation was 28.819 ± 10.198 years. The most common affected age group was 12-24 years (28.4%). Conclusion: Scabies is a common skin disease in underdeveloped and developing countries. Poor living conditions such as inadequate housing, overcrowding, illiteracy, having animals in the house, unhygienic condition presence of family history and sharing clothes with others are important risk factors for transmission of scabies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Atopic dermatitis (AD) is a common chronic dermatological condition affecting ~10% of adults and ~20% of the paediatric population in high-income countries. There is a lack of comprehensive understanding of the disease burden of AD in India. In this systematic review, the primary objective was to review epidemiological data on AD in India based on articles published between 2011 and 2021. The secondary objective was to assess the disease burden from economic and quality of life (QoL) perspectives. A literature search was conducted using the PubMed and Google Scholar databases using predefined search strings. Relevant studies published in English on AD between 2011 and 2021 were included. This review included 11 articles, of which nine reported demographic and clinical characteristics. The reported prevalence ranged from 3.1% to 7.21% among the paediatric population, up to 16 years of age. The prevalence of AD ranged from 0.98% to 9.2% in studies including paediatric and adult patients. The cost of medications was reported to be the major contributor to the economic burden associated with AD. Mental illnesses such as depression and anxiety were frequently reported in association with AD. Although AD is a common disorder affecting all age groups, there is a lack of substantial epidemiological data. None of the current studies covers the entire country. Hence, studies with a wider geographic scope covering all aspects of disease burden are required to help clinicians and policymakers to understand the disease burden and devise appropriate preventive and management strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ethnopharmacological relevance Caesalpinia mimosoides Lam. is one of the important traditional folk medicinal plants in the treatment of skin diseases and wounds used by healers of Uttara Kannada district of Karnataka state (India). However scientific validation of documented traditional knowledge related to medicinal plants is an important path in current scenario to fulfill the increasing demand of herbal medicine. Aim of the study The study was carried out to evaluate the claimed uses of Caesalpinia mimosoides using antimicrobial, wound healing and antioxidant activities followed by detection of possible active bio-constituents. Materials and methods Extracts prepared by hot percolation method were subjected to preliminary phytochemical analysis followed by antimicrobial activity using MIC assay. In vivo wound healing activity was evaluated by circular excision and linear incision wound models. The extract with significant antimicrobial and wound healing activity was investigated for antioxidant capacity using DPPH, nitric oxide, antilipid peroxidation and total antioxidant activity methods. Total phenolic and flavonoid contents were also determined by Folin–Ciocalteu, Swain and Hillis methods. Possible bio-active constituents were identified by GC-MS technique. RP-UFLC-DAD analysis was carried out to quantify ethyl gallate and gallic acid in the plant extract. Results Preliminary phytochemical analysis showed positive results for ethanol and aqueous extracts for all the chemical constituents. The ethanol extract proved potent antimicrobial activity against both bacterial and fungal skin pathogens compared to other extracts. The efficacy of topical application of potent ethanol extract and traditionally used aqueous extracts was evidenced by the complete re-epithelization of the epidermal layer with increased percentage of wound contraction in a shorter period. However, aqueous extract failed to perform a consistent effect in the histopathological assessment. Ethanol extract showed effective scavenging activity against DPPH and nitric oxide free radicals with an expressive amount of phenolic and moderate concentration of flavonoid contents. Ethyl gallate and gallic acid were found to be the probable bio-active compounds evidenced by GCMS and RP-UFLC-DAD analysis. Conclusion The study revealed the significant antimicrobial, wound healing and antioxidant activities of tender parts of C. mimosoides and proved the traditional folklore knowledge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]