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Introduction: Lymphatic cystic malformations occur in the mesentery of the small and large bowel, omentum and retroperitoneal area and are rare, benign, intra-abdominal cystic lesions. Aim: To review the demographics, clinical presentation and surgical outcomes of children’s mesenteric and omental lymphatic cystic lesions. Materials and Methods: A single-institution, retrospective descriptive study was conducted in the Department of Paediatric Surgery, Gandhi Medical College and Associated Hospitals, Bhopal, India, from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2023. It included cases of lymphatic cystic lesions in infants and children below 12 years of age involving the mesentery of the small and large bowel and omentum. The details collected from the case records were the age, sex, clinical presentation, radiological investigations carried out, operative findings and the outcome of the operative intervention executed for mesenteric and omental lymphatic cysts in children. The results obtained from the present study are expressed in numbers and percentages. Results: The present study analysed 18 children aged ≤12 years who underwent surgery for lymphatic cysts of the mesentery of the small bowel (n=14), large bowel/mesocolon (n=1) and omentum (n=3) during the study period. There were 11 boys and 7 girls. More than four-fifths (n=15) of the children were ≤5 years old at the time of diagnosis and operative therapy provided. One-third (n=7) of the cases clinically presented with the clinical features of intestinal obstruction. The cysts involved the mesentery of the small bowel in three-fourths (n=14) of the cases. The complete excision of the lymphatic cysts was possible in three-fourths (n=14) of the cases. In 10 children, resection of the adjacent/involved small bowel segment was also required during the operative procedures. Fifty percentage of the cases revealed volvulus of the small bowel caused by mesenteric cysts involving the small bowel. More than half of the cases required resection of the adjacent/involved segment of the small bowel along with excision of the mesenteric cysts. Conclusion: Mesenteric cysts are rare abdominal pathology with diverse clinical presentations ranging from vague abdominal pain and lump to an acute abdomen. Early referral to higher centres, diagnosis and prompt surgical excision of the mesenteric cysts can prevent volvulus, one of the most common complications and requirements of an emergency surgical procedure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The majority of the gastrointestinal tract's length is made up of the small and large intestines, which are also the sites of a wide range of disorders. This study is an attempt to evaluate the role of CECT in characterization and detection of small and large bowel pathologies and to assist in deciding further courses of management. Aim: To evaluate the efficacy and accuracy of CECT imaging in diagnosing the small and large bowel lesions. To correlate CECT findings with clinical, intra-operative /Interventional procedure or histo-pathological findings. Material and Methods: A prospective study was conducted in the Department of Radiology, Kalinga Institute of Medical Sciences, Bhubaneswar, Odisha, India for a period of 2 years from September 2020 to September 2022. Fifty-eight patients with suspected bowel pathology were evaluated, after obtaining informed consent. Data was analysed using SPSS 22 version software. Categorical data represented in the form of frequencies and proportions. Collected data were analysed by sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, negative predictive value and accuracy. Results: Male predominance was seen in this study, males constituted 53.4% and females 46.6%. The commonest age group affected was 61-70 years. Malignant lesions were much more prevalent than inflammatory lesions followed by benign lesions. The rectum and sigmoid colon were most commonly affected in malignancy whereas ileum in inflammatory lesions. adenocarcinoma was most common type in malignant lesions. Conclusion: Our conclusion points that contrast enhanced CT is an excellent imaging modality in detecting and characterization of small and large bowel lesions. The most common pathology was malignancy in large bowel and inflammatory in small bowel. Thus, proper characterisation and detection of the bowel lesions helps in management of the disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: To study the profile of paediatric blunt abdominal trauma and to assess the correlation of grade of injury with the outcome. Materials and Methods: It is a prospective observational study from January 2015 to December 2020. Children below 12 years with blunt abdominal trauma were included. Patient demographic data, treatment given and the final outcome were recorded. All patients were followed up for a minimum of 6 months to maximum 5 years. Results: A total of 68 patients were included in the study. Fall from height was the most common mode of injury (62%) followed by road traffic accidents (35%) and the other causes included in the miscellaneous group (hit by animal and fall of heavy object on the abdomen; 3%). Most commonly injured organ was liver (n = 28, 41%) followed by spleen (n = 18, 26%) and kidney (n = 15, 22%). Other injuries were bowel perforations (jejunal [n = 4], ileal [n = 1] and large bowel [n = 1]; 9%), pancreaticoduodenal (n = 5, 7%), urinary bladder (n = 3, 4%), abdominal vascular injury (iliac vein-1, inferior vena cava-1;3%), adrenal haematoma (n = 2,3%) and common bile duct (CBD) injury (n = 1, 1%). More than one organ injury was seen in 13 cases (19%). Non-operative management was successful in 84% (n = 27) and laparotomy was done in 16% (n = 11). Most of the patients sustained Grade IV injury (n = 36, 53%) and majority of the patients (n = 60, 88%) had good outcome without any long-term complications. Conclusion: Profile of paediatric blunt abdominal trauma include solid organ injuries such as liver, spleen, kidney, pancreas, adrenal gland and others like bowel injury, CBD, urinary bladder and abdominal vascular injury. The grade of injury does not correlate with the outcome in a higher grade of injury and these children had good outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We presented a case report of a 1-day-old female child admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) with abdominal distension. Prenatal ultrasonography in the second trimester had revealed a large abdominal cyst. On examination, a common cloaca was noted along with a distended abdomen. Radiographic imaging confirmed the presence of collapsed small bowel pushed to the right, while a single large bowel filled most of the abdominal cavity. Further investigations, including ultrasound, indicated a 5.2 cm distended large bowel containing fecal material but no free fluid. The patient underwent exploratory laparotomy, during which an end ileostomy was performed following closure of the fistula with the urogenital tract. The postoperative period was uneventful, and the patient was discharged on postoperative day 5 with regular follow-up scheduled. Type I congenital pouch colon associated with common cloaca is an extremely rare condition involving complex malformations of the gastrointestinal and urogenital systems. This case report describes the clinical presentation, management, and outcomes of a 1-day-old female child with Type I congenital pouch colon and associated common cloaca. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Trichuris vulpis is a relatively common cause of canine large bowel disease leading to chronic diarrhea. Faecal analysis is negative most of the times due to long prepatent period and eggs may be shed intermittently. This case study done at Madras Veterinary College, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India from 2014 to 2018 describes the usefulness of endoscopy in diagnosing the colitis due to presence of T. vulpis worms. Three dogs presented with haematochezia and tenesmus were subjected to detailed clinical examination. As the faecal examination was negative and there was no improvement on initial therapy endoscopy was performed. Numerous T. vulpis whipworms were found attached to the colon mucosa on endoscopic examination. Multiple bleeding ulcerated sites were observed throughout the colon. The dog was treated with oral febental, praziquantal and pyrantal combination tablets (Drontal Plus). Clinical improvement was observed within a week. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to investigate the potential of H9N2 avian influenza virus to cause disease and intra-species transmission in house crows (Corvus splendens). A group of six crows were intranasally inoculated with 106.0 EID50 of H9N2 virus (A/chicken/India/07OR17/2021), and 24 h post-inoculation six naïve crows were co-housed with infected crows. Crows were observed for 14 days for any overt signs of illness. Oropharyngeal and cloacal swabs were collected up to 14 days to assess virus excretion. No apparent clinical signs were observed in either infected or in-contact crows. Virus excretion was observed only in infected birds up to 9 days post-infection (dpi) through both oropharyngeal and cloacal routes. All six infected crows seroconverted to H9N2 virus at 14 dpi, whereas all in-contact crows remained negative to H9N2 virus antibodies. No virus could be isolated from tissues viz., lung, liver, kidney, pancreas, small intestine and large intestine. Although crows became infected with the H9N2 virus, transmission of the virus was inefficient to the in-contact group. However, virus excretion through oral and cloacal swabs from infected crows suggests a potential threat for inter-species transmission, including humans. Crows, being a common synanthrope species, might have some role in influenza virus transmission to poultry and humans, which needs to be explored further. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shigellosis, characterized by inflammation and ulceration of the large intestine, is caused by infection with Shigella species. It is a major public health problem in developing countries where filthy sanitation practices and restricted access to clean water encourage the spread of the disease. Shigellosis is spread by means of fecal-oral route. It is one of the most common disorders specially affecting children in West Bengal, India. Disease from Shigella species accounts for 165 million cases of diarrhoea culminating in one million deaths annually worldwide. Severe dysentery is treated still with antibiotics, with limited success because of the continuous development of multi drug resistance by the bacteria. WHO has identified Shigella as a potential target pathogen against which new drugs need to be formulated and in silico approach has the potential to identify drug targets. Molecular modeling of Shigella invasion proteins using computational tools may divulge novel therapeutic targets that can be used for future pharmacological intervention. Detailed annotation of previously unknown Hypothetical Proteins using an in-silico pipeline can identify crucial proteins in pathogenesis cascade, which can be explored further as effective drug targets, which may eventually enable us to combat the menace of shigellosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The bandicoot rats of both sexes were collected from village Dhatt, Punjab, India during 2016-17 at five growth stages (tillering, panicle initiation, dough, pre-harvesting, lean period) of rice and wheat crops, dissected and inspected from liver and small/large intestines for presence of endoparasites. Higher per cent of infected rats were found in wheat as compared to rice crop. Female rats were found to be more infected with various endoparasites than males in rice crop whereas in wheat crop male rats were found to be more infected as compared to females which results that host gender has signiûcant effect on parasite infection patterns due to physiological differences. In rice crop, maximum infected rats were found in lean period with helminth Hymenolepis nana, Cysticercus fasciolaris, Capillaria hepatica, Syphacia obvelata and nematodal larvae in concurrence with each other, whereas it was maximum during tillering stage in wheat crop with addition to Trichuris muris. Our study concludes that as B. bengalensis lives in close association with human habitations, it may act as an important source of zoonotic infections and thus due care should be taken to avoid direct or indirect contact with excrements and carcasses of this pest species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract The aim of the present study was to pathological and molecular investigation of porcine sapelovirus (PSV) in naturally infected Indian pigs of various age groups. Eight samples (16%) out of 49 necropsied animals were positive for PSV on the basis of pathological and molecular investigation. Major lesions of PSV positive cases were thickening and clouding of meninges, congestion in brain, severe to moderate congestion in lungs along with froathy exudates in trachea, thickening of intestinal mucosa, especially mucosal folds of ileum. Microscopic lesions of PSV positive cases in CNS were perivascular cuffing, neuronophagia and focal gliosis. In lungs, interstitial pneumonia was noticed in all cases, and intestinal lesions comprised of sloughing of villi epithelium, moderate to severe congestion of blood vessels and infiltration of mononuclear cells mainly plasma cells in both large and small intestine. RT-PCR results of total cases examined for PSV were targeted for PSV 3D Polymerase, 5′UTR region and VP1 gene respectively. Genetic characterization was done on the basis of viral capsid protein 1 (VP1) gene of PSV. The sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of amplified VP1 gene product showed maximum identity 85–90% with South Korean, KJ821021.1 and Indian, KY053835.1 strain of PSV. Further explorative surveillance and epidemiological studies are suggested to find out the real impact of this economically important disease affecting pigs population of India. Highlights • The present study was to pathological and molecular investigation of porcine sapelovirus (PSV) in Indian pigs of various age groups. • Eight samples (16%) out of 49 necropsied animals were positive for PSV. • The sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of amplified VP1 gene product showed maximum identity 85-90% with South Korean and Indian strain of PSV. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Adult large bowel obstruction is an infrequent cause of acute obstruction in Africa and India. The cause of obstruction varies between regions of the world. Current controversy concerns the surgical management of the acutely obstructed left colon. Materials and Methods: This is a prospective study of adult patients with acute large bowel obstruction over a 6-year period. The diagnosis of adult obstruction was made from a history of constipation, abdominal distension, abdominal pain, nausea, and radiographic features of large bowel obstruction. Laparotomy was performed on all patients after resuscitation. If the obstruction involved the right colon resection and primary ileo-colic anastomosis was performed, while for a lesion in the left colon a resection and primary colocolic anastomosis was performed after intraoperative antegrade colonic irrigation. If the obstructing lesions were thought to be malignant and too advanced to merit any excisional or the patient's general condition was too poor to withstand resection, a biopsy was taken and a decompressive bypass procedure given pending the confirmation of the diagnosis. The clinical course and postoperative outcome were carefully documented. Results: A total of 50 patients aged 20-80 years, with a median age of 49 years, presented with features consistent with large bowel obstruction. Of these, 32 had simple sigmoid volvulus and were offered sigmoid colectomy and primary colorectal anastomosis, while 3 further patients with compound sigmoid volvulus had double resection with primary ileo-ileal and colorectal anastomosis. A patient with sigmoid volvulus had a Hartmann's procedure. Twelve patients had colon cancer, four had left hemicolectomy and primary colocolic anastomosis; three, sigmoid colectomy and primary colorectal anastomosis; three, low anterior resection and primary colorectal anastomosis; one decompressive colostomy and one, a right hemicolectomy and primary ileocolic anastomosis. The two patients with functional obstruction (Ogilvie syndrome) had tube caecostomy. All resections and primary anastomosis involving the right colon were preceded by antegrade on-table colonic lavage. One clinical anastomotic leak occurred in a low rectal anastomosis and minor wound infection in 10 patients. Operative mortality occurred in three patients with sigmoid volvulus. Conclusion: Adult large bowel obstruction is infrequent in our community and is caused commonly by sigmoid volvulus. Resection and primary anastomosis of the acute left-sided large bowel obstruction seems safe after antegrade on-table colonic lavage, provided bowel gangrene with peritonitis or any additional risk factor for anastomotic breakdown is not present. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]