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The north-west Indo-Gangetic Plain is the agricultural cereal-basket of India owing to its prolific wheat and rice production. Surface ozone pollution is of growing concern over it, yet no detailed year-round in-situ measurements of its most reactive precursors, particularly the volatile organic compounds (VOCs) are available from this region. Here, using the first year-long continuous measurements of 23 major VOCs, ozone, NO x , CO and their atmospheric oxidation products from a regionally representative site in north-west India, we evaluated speciated OH reactivities (OHR), ozone formation potential (OFP) and ozone production regimes (OPR) across all seasons. The average seasonal OHR ranged from 14 s−1 (winter) to 21.5 s−1 (summer). We provide the first estimate of OH radical mixing ratios varying between 0.06 and 0.37 ppt in different seasons for the peak daytime hours in this region. Recycling via HO 2 +NO was the most important pathway contributing to >85% of the OH production throughout the year. Contrary to satellite derived proxies and chemical transport models which predict NO x sensitive OPR, we show it to be strongly sensitive to both VOCs and NO x (>90% days in a year). Remarkably for densely populated regions, isoprene and acetaldehyde collectively accounted for ~30–50% of the total OFP in all seasons. Biogenic emissions of isoprene (reaching 12.9 mg/m2/h) and high acetaldehyde from anthropogenic and photochemical sources were observed for all seasons. Monitoring and control of isoprene and acetaldehyde are therefore urgently required for efforts focused on mitigating surface ozone pollution in this demographically important region of the world. • First continuous year-long measured dataset on 23 VOCs from India. • Isoprene & acetaldehyde were major (28–53%) precursors for ozone formation. • Peak daytime OH radical mixing ratios were estimated for the first time from India. • [OH] range: 0.06 ppt (1.4 × 106 molecules cm−3; winter) & 0.37 ppt (8.6 × 106 molecules cm−3; summer). • Ozone production regime was VOC and NO x sensitive for more than 90% days annually. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Objective: To extract the venom from Chrysaora quinquecirrha (C. quinquecirrha) and tested for antioxidant potential of both crude and fractions. Methods: These venom proteins were purified through DEAE- cellulose column chromatography. The protein content from crude and fractionated samples (Frc 1 to Frc 3) showed 398, 180, 203 and 286 μg/mL respectively. The molecular weight of purified protein were determined by SDS- PAGE and we found five distinct bands with molecular weight of 20, 35, 45, 70, 74 and 100 kDa in the crude 70 and 100 kDa in Frc-1, 21 and 68 kDa in Frc-2 and 14, 65 and 104 kDa in Frc-3. The in vitro antioxidant activity of crude and purified samples were evaluated in different assay systems Viz. radical scavenging activity by DPPH reaction, Superoxide radical scavenging activity in PMS/NADH-NBT system, hydroxyl radical by Fe3+-Ascorbate- EDTA, H2O2 system and Nitric oxide (NO) activity in sodium nitroprusside/Greiss Reagent system. Results: Fre-3 displayed the maximal antioxidant activity from all the assay system tested. Inhibitory activities in DPPH radicals 15%-92% Superoxide radicals 21%-96% hydroxyl radicals 30%-95% and Nitric oxide activity also showed significant activities. Conclusions: These results indicate that the jelly fish C. quinquecirrha venom have remarkable antioxidant activities. Further studies will fulfill for purification and structural elucidation. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: [corrected] The seeds of Syzygium cumini, Skeels (Jamun) are extensively used in India for treatment of diabetes and other ailments., Aim of the Study: The aim of this work was to assess the role of Jamun seed extract (JSE) as a chemoprotective agent against in vivo oxidative stress and genomic damage., Materials and Methods: Experiments were carried out to evaluate in vitro protective effects of JSE against hydroxyl radical induced damage in pBR322 DNA, and in vivo genomic damage and oxidative stress in mice which received JSE orally for 5 days before exposure to genotoxic carcinogens urethane (URE) and 7,12-dimethyl benz(a)anthracene (DMBA)., Results: Aqueous and ethanolic extracts of JSE showed significant protective effects against hydroxyl radical induced strand breaks in pBR322 DNA. The in vivo experiments with aqueous JSE showed significant protective effects against chromosomal damage induced by the genotoxic carcinogens URE and DMBA. Biochemical assays registered significant inhibition of hepatic lipid peroxidation and increase in GSH level and activity of GST, SOD and CAT., Conclusion: Our findings suggest that JSE can possibly play an important role as a chemopreventive agent against oxidative stress and genomic damage., (Copyright © 2010 Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.)