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Purpose: This study compares the 8th edition staging of AJCC for prognosis of eyelid Sebaceous Gland Carcinoma (SGC) patients with respect to the 7th edition. Methods: A retrospective study was undertaken over a period of 100 months. Ninety‐nine histopathologically proven cases of eyelid SGC available for follow‐up were recruited. Patients were staged by both the 7th and 8th editions of AJCC and followed up at six monthly intervals after surgery. Results: Of the 99 eyelid SGC patients recruited, recurrence and orbital invasion developed in 22%, lymph node metastasis in 21% and 4% had distant metastasis and also died. High‐risk features include tumour size>20 mm, orbital invasion, exenteration and staging by both the 7th and 8th editions of AJCC. Cox regression analysis revealed that staging by AJCC 8th edition was associated with greater risk for local recurrence (HR 3.01,95% CI‐1.65–5.51%, p < 0.01) lymph node metastasis (HR 8.26, 95% CI 3.96–17.19%, p < 0.01) and disease‐free survival (HR 4.61, 95% CI 2.81–7.54). The Kaplan–Meir survival curves of eyelid SGC patients by the 8th edition AJCC staging were also significantly associated with lymph node metastasis (p < 0.01), tumour‐related deaths (p < 0.01) and reduced disease‐free survival (p = 0.07). The higher Harrell's values by the 8th edition signify better predictive value for lymph node metastasis and DFS (disease‐free survival). The lower AIC values indicate a better monotonicity of gradients for lymph node metastasis, recurrence and DFS. Conclusion: Staging by the 8th AJCC edition is, therefore, recommended for eyelid SGC as it gives a better perspective about disease outcome. The orbital extension was the single most important predictor of lymph node metastasis, recurrence and death. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cysticercosis is a parasitic infection caused by larval form of Taenia Solium. It is endemic in developing countries like India. A handful of cases of eyelid cysticercosis have been reported in the literature till now, despite quite high incidence of brain and ocular involvement. Here we report a case of eyelid mass in 26 yr old female. The surgical excision of mass was done and diagnosed as a case of isolated cysticercosis on imaging and histopathological examaination. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: The eyelids are affected by wide spectrum of benign and malignant lesions. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most common malignancy encountered while other malignant lesions such as sebaceous cell carcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma are rare. Data regarding geographical variation in trends of malignant eyelid tumors are presented in the current study.Settings and Design: Prospective, longitudinal, observational study was conducted from December 2011 to October 2013.Subjects and Methods: Patients with mass or growth involving eyelid managed by surgical intervention were selected for the study. Excised tissue masses were sent for histopathological examination.Results: Fifty-two cases of extraocular tumors were operated during the study period, out of which 25 cases (48%) were of eyelids. Sixteen cases (64%) were benign, and remaining 9 cases (36%) were malignant eyelid neoplasms. Benign lesions exhibited female preponderance with male:female ratio of 1:2.25. No significant difference was noted in cases of malignant lesions with male:female ratio of 1:1.25. Most common benign tumor observed was sebaceous cyst. Sebaceous gland carcinoma (4 cases) was the most common malignant neoplasm followed by squamous cell carcinoma (2 cases) and BCC, orbital melanoma, and adenocarcinoma (1 case each).Conclusions: Sebaceous gland carcinoma is more common in North India as compared to BCC and squamous cell carcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Resection of eyelid malignancies leads to complex reconstructive problems due to the functional and aesthetic importance of an eyelid. Hence, a large number of such cases are referred to plastic surgery facilities. Eyelid malignancies are of varied histological types and the western and Asian data have considerable variations in case distribution and presentation. This study is an attempt to characterise these tumours in the Indian population. Materials and Methods: The present study is a retrospective analysis of 85 consecutive cases of eyelid malignancies that reported to a tertiary health care facility in central India over a 15-year period starting from January 1996 up to December 2009. The cases were analysed for their age of presentation, sex distribution, tumour location, delay in seeking treatment, recurrence rate and variations with respect to the pathological subtype. Observations: Mean age of presentation for all the malignancies was 59 years. The median age of presentation was 65 years for basal call carcinoma (BCC), 58 years for sebaceous gland carcinoma (SGC), 55 years for squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and 45 years for malignant melanoma. There was slight female preponderance as 56.28% of the patients were females. The most common location of the tumour was lower lid (58.2%) for all the malignancies. BCC was the most common malignancy (48.2%) followed by SGC (31.2%) and SCC (13.7%). Mean duration of symptoms was 9 months (range 3-21 months). The most common presenting complaint was mass with ulceration across all histological subtypes. Other associated complaints included itching, discharge from eye, pain and ptosis. The mean size of tumour at diagnosis was 2.34 ± 0.4 cm for BCC, 2.19 ± 0.6 cm for SGC and 1.99 ± 0.7 cm for SCC. The mean rate of growth of BCC was 1.39 cm/year. The corresponding values for SGC and SCC were 3.63 and 4.89 cm/year, respectively. The rate of follow‑up was 89% at 3 months, 71% at 6 months, 62% at 1 year and 31% at 5 years. Recurrence rate was 1.9% for BCC and 12.7% for SGC. Surgical methods used included wedge excision and primary closure, excision and skin grafting, and tarso-conjunctival flap. Conclusions: We recommend that the surgeons treating eyelid malignancies in India should have a high index of suspicion for SGC. A wider margin of 10 mm is recommended for SGC excision as opposed to 5 mm for BCC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The eyebrow and eyelid are important sexually dimorphic and ethnic features of the face. In cosmetic surgery, maintenance of these landmarks is important to obtaining satisfactory results., Objectives: The authors quantify the dimension and position of the eyebrow and eyelid in South Indians and Malaysian South Indians and assess whether significant differences exist between the sexes and ethnic groups., Methods: Evaluation of eyebrow and upper eyelid was performed on standardized photographs of 200 South Indian and 200 Malaysian South Indian subjects, aged 18 to 26 years. We measured eyebrow thickness, apex to lateral limbus distance, apex to lateral canthus distance, interbrow distance, medial end of the eyebrow to medial canthus, lateral end of the eyebrow to lateral canthus, eyebrow height, eyebrow apex inclination, and pretarsal skin height. The measured values were evaluated by an independent t test. We also assessed the prevalence of double lid crease and types of epicanthus and eyebrow apex positions., Results: A significant difference was found between women in the South Indian and Malaysian South Indian groups for eyebrow apex to lateral limbus distance, medial end to medial canthus, pretarsal skin height, eyebrow height, and eyebrow apex inclination. Male groups showed significant ethnic difference for eyebrow apex to lateral limbus distance. Sexual dimorphism was found for all measurement categories. A double crease fold appeared in 99% of the subjects. Only epicanthus tarsalis (95%) and epicanthus superciliaris (5%) appeared in the subjects. Four types of eyebrow apex position were found., Conclusions: Ethnic and sex differences exist for eyebrow and eyelid dimensions in the 2 groups we studied. Knowledge of these trends is significant during surgical planning to obtain ideal outcomes.