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Phosphorus-solubilizing microbes play key roles in improving phosphorus availability and in alleviating phosphorus nutrient limitation in soils. However, we did not have a comprehensive understanding of the overall research progress and development trend of phosphorus solubilizing microorganisms. In this study, we obtain documents from the Web of Science (WOS) core collection between 2002 and 2022, and a comprehensive review of the progress of global research on soil phosphate solubilizing microorganisms was conducted by using the VOSviewer bibliometric analysis tool. The results showed an increasing trend in the number of published articles from 2002 to 2022. India, accounting for 28% of the total number of published articles, became the most productive country. However, Canada was the country with the highest average citation frequency of articles. Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) was the greatest contributor with the most publications. Among the published journals, Frontiers in Microbiology, Applied Soil Ecology and Plant and Soil were the top three core journals in this field. Based on the keyword analysis, the assessment of the mechanisms between phosphorus solubilizing microbes and the soil carbon cycles with the different management practices became the new research trend among the scientific communities. These findings would provide an important reference value for future in-depth research on soil phosphate solubilizing microorganisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Late Tonian to Cambrian sedimentary sequences in northwestern India and South China provide vital evidence for modeling their paleogeographic linkage, including their juxtaposition and subsequent separation during the transition from the Rodinia to the Gondwana supercontinents. Similarities in lithostratigraphy and detrital zircon U-Pb-Hf-O isotopic characteristics in the late Tonian sedimentary units from both regions underline a common provenance. A substantial decrease in zircon d18O values from super- to sub-mantle compositions and simultaneous increase in the zircon eHf(t) values in South China and northwestern India for the 800-700 Ma time window suggest a common Neoproterozoic extensional magmatic event, corresponding with the Rodinia breakup. A distinct change in sedimentary provenance is noted during the Cryogenian period. Sedimentation along the northwestern margin of India for the remainder of the Neoproterozoic encompasses large volumes of clastic detritus dominated by old zircon ages, derived inboard from the Indian craton. In contrast, contemporaneous sedimentary units in the Yangtze region of South China are dominated by Neoproterozoic zircons. The detrital zircon age data underline a close paleogeographic linkage between northwestern India and South China (Yangtze and Cathaysia regions) in the Rodinia supercontinent configuration and argue for their separation through continental rifting during the Cryogenian. Northwestern India developed into a passive margin, whereas the South China block partially rifted, rotated, and migrated dextrally along the Gondwana margin toward northeastern India and Western Australia, such that the Cathaysia block continued to receive detritus from Gondwana continental regions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The sedimentary record of the Paleoproterozoic Aravalli Supergroup in northwest India provides evidence for a progression from passive margin to active margin and back to passive margin that can be linked to the Precambrian crustal evolution of peninsular India. U-Pb detrital zircon age data from clastic sedimentary rocks constrain the depositional age of the Aravalli Supergroup to within the ca. 2.4-1.6 Ga age bracket. The 3.3-2.9 and 2.5 Ga basement granitoids of the Banded Gneiss Complex have been identified as the source rocks for the Delwara Formation from the Lower Aravalli Supergroup. The Delwara sandstones show enrichment of Zr and depletion of Ti and Sc, indicating a passive-margin depositional environment. Immature sandstones of the Middle Aravalli Udaipur Formation incorporate detritus from ca. 1.97-1.79 Ga magmatic arc rocks (characterized by zircon εHf[t] values varying from +6.1 to -7.8) and continental basement (ca. 2.5 Ga). Tectonic discrimination characteristics of Middle Aravalli sandstones, such as K2O/Na2O-SiO2, TiO2-Fe2O3, La-Th-Sc, and Th-Sc-Zr/10, suggest a continental arc setting, in agreement with their average modal composition of Q23F27L50 (where Q is quartz, F is feldspar, and L is lithics), which indicates a proximal source and transitional arc setting. The stratigraphically higher Bowa Formation of the Middle Aravalli Supergroup received additional detritus from 1.78 to 1.72 Ga extension-related magmatic arc rocks, and these strata are characterized by zircons with subchondritic εHf(t)values, suggesting a back-arc setting, in agreement with tectonic discrimination plots. The Upper Aravalli Debari sandstones are dominated by 1.87-1.65 Ga detritus. Their high maturity (average: Q92F4L4) and geochemical features are consistent with a passive-margin setting. Integration of the lithostratigraphic relationships and compositional data suggests that the rocks of Aravalli Supergroup archive the record for the development of early Paleoprotero zoic passive-margin platform sedimentation, followed by a transition to continental arc and subsequently to an evolved rift-basin--passive-margin setting. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An improved column averaged concentration (X) of greenhouse gases (GHGs) namely CO2, CH4, CO and N2O are retrieved using ground-based Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR; model IFS125M) Spectrometer data collected at Atmospheric Science Lab (ASL) of National Remote Sensing Centre (NRSC), Shadnagar, India during 2016 period in clear sky days. Indium Antimonide (InSb) detector and Calcium Fluoride (CaF2) beam splitter in combination with the spectral range between 1800 cm-1 to 11000 cm-1 (5.50 µm to 0.90 µm) with 0.01 cm-1 spectral resolution (Δν) are set for the present study. Atmospheric transmittance for each gas was computed using PcModWin6 (MODTRAN v6) and compared against measured spectrum. In this study, spectra are analyzed using non-linear least squares spectral fitting algorithm (GFIT) developed by the California Institute of Technology, U. S. A. The Total Carbon Column Observing Network (TCCON) identified standard spectral windows were selected for retrieving the GHGs over the study site. With the present retrieval scheme, precision of the FTIR achieved are 0.17 % to 0.52 % for CO2, 0.30 % to 0.77 % for CH4, 6.33 % to 8.92 % for CO and 0.41 % to 0.75 % for N2O, respectively. Observed little to clear diurnal and seasonal variations in XCO2, XCH4, XCO and XN2O respectively. In this work, we compared FTIR retrieved GHGs against Orbiting Carbon Observatory-2 (OCO-2) retrieved XCO2 and Measurements of Pollution in the Troposphere (MOPITT) retrieved XCO. With the present retrievals, comparative study yields a mean relative bias between ground-based FTIR retrieved XCO2 and XCO are -1.50 % and 0.60 % against OCO-2 (XCO2) and MOPITT (XCO) respectively. Pearson correlation coefficient (r) between FTIR retrieval and satellite retrievals are 0.80 (XCO2, N=14 co-located) and 0.85 (XCO, N=18), respectively. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fate of the colliding Indian and Asian tectonic plates below the Tibetan high plateau may be visualized by, in addition to seismic tomography, mapping the deep seismic discontinuities, like the crust-mantle boundary (Moho), the lithosphere-asthenosphere boundary (LAB), or the discontinuities at 410 and 660 km depth. We herein present observations of seismic discontinuities with the P and S receiver function techniques beneath central and western Tibet along two new profiles and discuss the results in connection with results from earlier profiles, which did observe the LAB. The LAB of the Indian and Asian plates is well-imaged by several profiles and suggests a changing mode of India-Asia collision in the east-west direction. From eastern Himalayan syntaxis to the western edge of the Tarim Basin, the Indian lithosphere is underthrusting Tibet at an increasingly shallower angle and reaching progressively further to the north. A particular lithospheric region was formed in northern and eastern Tibet as a crush zone between the two colliding plates, the existence of which is marked by high temperature, low mantle seismic wavespeed (correlating with late arriving signals from the 410 discontinuity), poor Sn propagation, east and southeast oriented global positioning system displacements, and strikingly larger seismic (SKS) anisotropy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Continental strike-slip shear zones that may bear important information about the evolution of convergent tectonics often occur to accommodate plate convergence. When and how shearing along the shear zones responds to plate interactions, however, are often debated. In this study, we investigated the Oligocene-Miocene leucocratic dikes from the Ailao Shan-Red River shear zone, which was active during India-Eurasia plate convergence, to constrain the timing and mechanism of ductile shearing along the shear zone. The dikes are structurally grouped into pre-, syn-, and postkinematic types with respect to ductile shearing. Prekinematic dikes from ca. 41 to 30 Ma have low whole-rock 87Sr/86Sr(i) values (0.707-0.710), generally high eNd(t) values (-3.31~-7.98), and variable eHf(t) values (-7.9~+5.7). Their magma sources involved high thermal perturbation inducing partial melting of the lower crust, and contributions from the mantle that were possibly related to extensional collapse of the orogenic belt prior to tectonic extrusion of the Sundaland block. Syn- and postkinematic dikes from ca. 28 to 20 Ma dominantly have high whole-rock 87Sr/86Sr(i) (0.707-0.725) and low eNd(t) (-5.83 to -9.76) values, and either negative or positive zircon eHf(t) values (broadly in the range of -12 to + 7.6) for coeval but separate crustal magma sources. The results imply that major shearing accompanying retrograde metamorphism along the Ailao Shan-Red River shear zone was localized to crustal level. A synthesis of regional structural data suggests that Oligocene-Miocene shearing along the Ailao Shan-Red River shear zone and lateral tectonic extrusion of the Sundaland block proceeded in response to progressive India- Eurasia plate convergence. Distributed and inhomogeneous middle- to lower-crustal flow along the boundaries of and within the Sundaland block occurred during the tectonic extrusion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tuberculosis (TB) is a chronic inflammatory disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis infection which causes tremendous morbidity and mortality worldwide. Clinical presentation of TB patients is very diverse and disease heterogeneity is associated with changes in biomarker signatures. Here, we compared at the molecular level the extent of individual inflammatory perturbation of plasma protein and lipid mediators associated with TB in patients in China versus India. We performed a cross-sectional study analyzing the overall degree of inflammatory perturbation in treatment-naïve pulmonary TB patients and uninfected individuals from India (TB: n = 97, healthy: n = 20) and China (TB: n = 100, healthy: n = 11). We employed the molecular degree of perturbation (MDP) adapted to plasma biomarkers to examine the overall changes in inflammation between these countries. M. tuberculosis infection caused a significant degree of molecular perturbation in patients from both countries, with higher perturbation detected in India. Interestingly, there were differences in biomarker perturbation patterns and the overall degree of inflammation. Patients with severe TB exhibited increased MDP values and Indian patients with this condition exhibited even higher degree of perturbation compared to Chinese patients. Network analyses identified IFN-α, IFN-β, IL-1RI and TNF-α as combined biomarkers that account for the overall molecular perturbation in the entire study population. Our results delineate the magnitude of the systemic inflammatory perturbation in pulmonary TB and reveal qualitative changes in inflammatory profiles between two countries with high disease prevalence.