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Ground-level ozone (O 3) pollution has become an increasingly prominent environmental problem in China and India, causing serious negative health effects. Based on the global fine-resolution simulation of O 3 concentrations and epidemiological results, O 3 pollution and corresponding mortalities were evaluated at provincial-level across China and India. Our results revealed that the population-weighted mean O 3 concentrations in China and India were 49.2 and 63.4 ppb, respectively, in 2014. The annual deaths attributable to O 3 exposure were estimated to be 76,000 (95% confidence interval (CI): 27,000–120,000) and 96,000 (35,000–149,000) in China and India, respectively. The finding of 32.2% less O 3 -attributable mortality in China than in India was attributed to the combined effects of population size (+39.4%), population aging (+29.2%), baseline mortality rate (−43.7%), and ambient O 3 exposure (−57.1%). To the best of our knowledge, this is the first time that O 3 -related health burdens in China and India have been reported and compared at the provincial level. The results will improve our understanding of O 3 -related health impacts and provide a valuable reference for policy makers. [Display omitted] • Based on the refined-grid estimation, ozone pollution caused a higher health impact in India compared to China in 2014. • High-density populations living in heavy-pollution regions resulted in higher ozone exposure in India than in China. • The higher baseline mortality rate in India largely contributed to the Sino-India discrepancy in attributable mortality. • Reaching the same ozone level as India, China will have higher health risks due to an elder and larger population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Emissions from power plants in China and India contain a myriad of fine particulate matter (PM 2.5 , PM ≤ 2.5 μm in diameter) precursors, posing significant health risks among large, densely settled populations. Studies isolating the contributions of various source classes and geographic regions are limited in China and India, but such information could be helpful for policy makers attempting to identify efficient mitigation strategies. We quantified the impact of power generation emissions on annual mean PM 2.5 concentrations using the state-of-the-art atmospheric chemistry model WRF-Chem (Weather Research Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry) in China and India. Evaluations using nationwide surface measurements show the model performs reasonably well. We calculated province-specific annual changes in mortality and life expectancy due to power generation emissions generated PM 2.5 using the Integrated Exposure Response (IER) model, recently updated IER parameters from Global Burden of Disease (GBD) 2015, population data, and the World Health Organization (WHO) life tables for China and India. We estimate that 15 million (95% Confidence Interval (CI): 10 to 21 million) years of life lost can be avoided in China each year and 11 million (95% CI: 7 to 15 million) in India by eliminating power generation emissions. Priorities in upgrading existing power generating technologies should be given to Shandong, Henan, and Sichuan provinces in China, and Uttar Pradesh state in India due to their dominant contributions to the current health risks., (Copyright © 2018 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)