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The attacks of terror carried out on September 11, 2001 gave rise to waves of hate-fueled violence across the country. It has been argued that the attacks and the subsequent, current context of war have resulted in a heightened sense of American intolerance. They have led to discernable shifts in how certain minorities are perceived and treated in the United States. Since the attacks, an alarming number of Arab, Iranian, and other Muslim Americans have been targeted and hurt, becoming victims of a vicious brand of "patriotism." The FBI reports that the number of anti-Muslim hate crimes filed has spiked from 28 in the year 2000, to 481 in 2001--representing a seventeen-fold increase. Backlash continues to take on the form of verbal taunting, airport profiling, and even physical violence. The group hardest hit by hate crimes post 9-11 has been the South Asian Americans. Today, young desi Americans find themselves--perhaps for the first time--in the shaky, undesirable position of standing out for the "wrong" reasons. Listening to reports of hate crimes directed at South Asian and Muslim Americans after the events of September 11th, they must now contend with the understanding that their position in this country is more tenuous than they perhaps realized. In this paper, the author discusses what growing up during a time of rising confusion and xenophobia has meant for the children of Indian immigrants. (Contains 24 endnotes.)

Eleven first-generation South Asian family members who lost a relative in the World Trade Center attacks on September 11, 2001, were interviewed about their loss and their coping strategies. Data were analyzed using consensual qualitative research (CQR) methodology. Participant responses clearly delineated bereavement reactions and coping within a cultural framework. (Contains 1 table.)

One has more than language barriers and varying cultural differences to consider when staying overseas these days. In the wake of hotel terrorist bombings in countries such as Indonesia and India in the last few years, travelers need to be assured the place they call home for the duration of their stay won't result in injury or death. To reduce the risk of such incidents, and ensure staff will be ready should the worst occur, global hotels are boosting and modifying their security protocol training. In this article, learning vendor OutStart Inc. shares how its hotelier customers are finding innovative ways via mobile learning to make security lessons stick.

Purpose: This paper aims to analyse the Financial Intelligence Units (FIUs) of Canada, Australia, The Netherlands and India, focussing on key internal and external processes, such as the exchange of information, operations and compliance with Financial Action Task Force (FATF) recommendations. The paper relies on secondary sources to compare and assess the practices and strategies employed by FIUs within these jurisdictions. Design/methodology/approach: The paper relies on secondary sources to compare and assess the practices and strategies used by FIUs within these jurisdictions. Findings: The ability to combat money laundering and the financing of terrorism (AML/CFT) in countries is influenced by several internal and external factors, including the efficiency of their FIUs' and compliance with FATF recommendations. The analysis of FIUs across the countries demonstrates a raft of multifaceted challenges and concerns. Yet, when it comes to compliance with FATF's recommendations, shared concerns emerge, hinting at the complex interplay between country-specific operations and global compliance standards. The paper recommends enhancements to the FIUs' operational efficiency and overall effectiveness in combating financial crimes. Research limitations/implications: The paper's findings are limited to openly available data (such as annual reports and internet sources) for the respective countries. The paper relies on the transparency of FIUs through public media, focusing on comparing and analysing the FIUs of only four specific countries, which limits the generalisations of the findings. Practical implications: This paper is significant for policymakers and FIU authorities, as they strive to improve the effectiveness of their units and assess their performance in alignment with international standards. The comparative analysis of the FIUs of India, Australia, Canada and The Netherlands provides valuable insights and recommendations that can inform policymakers and operational strategies towards enhancing how FIUs function globally. Originality/value: This paper offers a unique comparative analysis of the FIUs of India, Australia, Canada and The Netherlands. Its findings have practical implications for policymakers and FIU authorities towards enhancing performance against international AML/CFT standards and promoting global cooperation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Several studies have found restrictions on minority faith-based communities to be related to the onset of violent religious hostilities. Absent from this work, though, is a consideration of the fact that minority religious discrimination can take different forms, and, consequently, may encourage violence in different ways. This paper seeks to fill this void by examining different forms of minority religious restrictions and their relationship to religious violence. Specifically, we analyze the comparative strength of three basic types of religious discrimination—restrictions on minority religious practices, restrictions on minority religious institutions, and restrictions on conversion and proselytizing —on violence carried out by both religious majority groups and religious minority groups. Interestingly, our analysis shows all three forms of restrictions encourage violence from religious majorities, but not from minorities. We supplement the statistical analysis with a case study of faith-based discrimination and violent religious hostilities in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Climate change is a global phenomenon that has been associated with a growing list of concerns in society today, often leaving more questions than answers. Thus, it is no surprise that questions are forming regarding the effects of climate change on global security, and more specifically, terrorism. India is the ideal case study for investigating the relationship between climate change and extremism, with average temperatures in the country reaching record highs as well as having 9,096 terrorist incidents occur during our 20-year study period between 1998 and 2017. Using daily temperature, precipitation, elevation, and distance to the equator data from the National Climatic Data Center and terrorist incidents from the Global Terrorism Data base (GTD), this study assesses the spatial relationship between these factors through geospatial analyses. Suitability analyses indicate that all the climatological variables tested—temperature, precipitation, and elevation—relate to shifting patterns of terrorist activity. We also found that beyond intensity, seasons result in a shifting of patterns in terrorist behavior to other locales. Implications for the global community and for India specifically are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The post 9/11 global proliferation of counterterrorism legislation is increasingly being interpreted as part of a longer story of colonialism. Scholars have shown how expansive counterterrorism can be interpreted not merely as an exceptional state of violence in situations where the rule of law and guarantees of ordinary civil liberties are suspended, but as a form of law-making that draws upon colonial logics and frameworks of governance. However, a major lacuna in this scholarship is the lack of attention to counterterrorism laws in postcolonial states and their negotiations with colonial logics of law-making. This article makes a postcolonial contribution to Critical Terrorism Studies and International Politics by showing how colonial logics of counterterrorism are repurposed by postcolonial states in comparable ways. By comparing counterterror laws in two postcolonial states, India and Egypt, this article shows how colonial logics intersect with nationalist ideologies, postcolonial anxieties, as well as an attempt by postcolonial states to seek international legitimacy post 9/11 vis-a-vis the War on Terror. In both states, counterterror laws are weaponised to target civil society activists, journalists, and religious, ethnic and other minorities in comparable ways. This article, therefore, challenges the centrality of 9/11 and state of exception/emergency in the framing of counterterror laws. In so doing, it advances knowledge of counterterrorism vis-à-vis postcolonial engagements with colonial epistemes and "normal" practices of security. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This is my second article on the Criminal Investigation Departments (CIDs) in colonial India. The first one was the 'Evolution of the CID in Colonial India and its Induction in Sind,'published in Pakistan Horizon, Vol. 77, issue it 1 of January 2024. It incorporated some details of the evaluation and subsequent developments of the CID in colonial India as well as in Sind. Therefore, to avoid repetition, in this paper, I deal exclusively with the crucial significance of the CID in colonial India, prior to, and during the Second World War, starting with the terrorist movement in India, and then mouing on to the internal structure and working of the CID. Next, I discuss the crucial responsibilities thrust upon the CID due to the Second World War, indicating the handling and performance in monitoring and control of German and Japanese intrigues in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Healthcare is one of the most important issues in India, but often overlooked and not discussed during election campaigns. Poor medical infrastructure, insufficient public health services, and unmet healthcare needs persist in the country. Though people do want the right, high quality, and cost-effective medical treatment when they fall sick, this is put on the backseat when they are healthy, thereby the demand and struggle for health care in the future remains un-articulated by both the people and the administration. India has a heavy disease burden especially in children under 5 years and women and of lifestyle diseases like stroke, ischemic heart disease, hypertension, diabetes and cancer, now affecting younger adults. Increased dependence on private health care result in high out of pocket expenditure and a huge economic burden. Budgetary allocation for health consistently remains low and has not achieved 2.5% of GDP as recommended under the National Health Policy 2017 and 15th Finance Commission. Improving the public healthcare infrastructure and access, as well as addressing private healthcare costs, is the need of the hour especially during formation of a new democratic order in our country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study examined the media representations of Muslims during the first wave of Coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic in India. The study conducted a thematic discourse analysis on TV debates in the aftermath of an Islamic congregation in Delhi whose attendees were tested positive with COVID-19 infection. The study found an overall negative representation of Muslims in the mainstream media which corroborates previous studies, albeit, in different contexts. Three key themes that emerged from media narratives were representing Muslims as: (i) carriers of the virus bomb (ii) 'super spreaders' and (iii) the uncivilized 'Other' with irreconcilable differences. These findings were situated in the wider (re)emerging field of Hindu nationalism to argue that the unsympathetic representation of Muslims in the media reflected their support for the ethno-nationalist ideology of the current ruling dispensation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The drone is the latest entrant in the ever-volatile India-Pakistan cross-border terrorism imbroglio. According to media reports, the use of the drones to send payloads, weapons, and improvised explosive devices (IEDs) has substantially increased in the last two years. This technology has been a boon for the terrorist outfits based in Pakistan which are using Chinese drones to drop payloads and plan terrorist attacks in Indian cities. This article discusses how the drone is emerging as a new frontier of warfare; drone development in India and Pakistan; emerging instances of cross-border terrorism via drones; security implications therein and also possible solutions which lie ahead. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Terrorism perpetrated in any country by either internal or external actors jeopardizes the country's security, economic growth, societal peace, and harmony. Hence, accurate modelling of terrorism has become a necessary component of the national security mission of most nations. This research extracted and analyzed high impact attacks (HIAs) perpetrated by terrorists in India and its neighboring countries since 1970 using the Global Terrorism Database (GTD). We evaluated the extraction efficacy of the Global Terrorism Index Impact Score (GTI-IS) against the GTD measure "nkill" using the iterative outlier analysis (IOA) heuristic. The heuristic identified 6117 common HIAs using nkill or GTI-IS attributes. GTI-IS extracted 1718 exclusive HIAs that nkill missed, while nkill extracted 2233 exclusive HIAs. We further classified the extracted HIAs into lethal and non-lethal attacks. Next, we conducted a rigorous spatiotemporal exploratory analysis of countries that reported the most HIAs. Though Afghanistan, India, and Sri Lanka exhibited global spatial autocorrelation, Pakistan did not. Ripley's G function suggested the recurrence of lethal attacks near other similar events. This analysis showed that lethal and non-lethal attacks in those countries follow different statistical distributions, which can aid in focused counterterrorism tactics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

National security crises often generate a 'rally‐around‐the‐flag' effect, especially under nationalist administrations, but the salience of a security crisis varies within a country. Does exposure to a crisis intensify rallying by fomenting nationalism, inciting hawkishness, and distracting from quotidian economic concerns? Or does exposure deepen dissatisfaction with the incumbent, thereby reducing a rallying effect? We argue the latter using evidence from a difficult test in India. A major pre‐election terrorist attack boosted the nationwide popularity of the Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), the nationalist ruling party. Yet we find that proximity to the victims' funeral processions, which served as patriotic rallies, substantially reduced BJP support where the party was incumbent. The size and breadth of our observed effects indicate that the social commemoration of the attack, rather than direct personal connections to its victims, fuelled anti‐incumbent sentiment. Mobilizing collective anger after a crisis may dampen rather than augment a rally‐around‐the‐flag effect. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article aims to describe the regional security challenges and major threats for India in South Asia. Since 1947, India has been suffering from external security threats such as, a form of proxy warfare and terrorism from its neighbouring countries. To this purpose, the article also examines recurring issues where India has major border issues with China, in the Himalayan terrain to the eastern region of India. This article looks at the defence cooperation between India and France through the prism of India's security threats in the South Asian region. India's soft power policy reflected in a neo-realist approach and expanded its long-standing defence cooperation with France. Therefore, India has been receiving support from the French government whenever the country needs defence equipment and other assistance. The article uses empirical and discourse analysis methods to answer the questions, and to draw a proper conclusion to the study. Finally, as a result of the study, we can see that India's serious security threats in the South Asian region are pushing the country to purchase defence equipment from France. The relationship between India and France is strengthening the bilateral cooperation at a broader level and shaping a strong strategic partnership by uniting South Asia and the Indo-Pacific as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study investigates the major factors influencing foreign tourist arrivals (FTAs) in India by incorporating the impacts of structural changes in policies. This is very much relevant in policy making since it portrays which determinants attract and dissuade FTAs. By implementing ARDL to cointegration technique on the annual data from 1985 to 2020, it uncovers the long-run relationship between FTAs and its determinants. The estimates obtained from ARDL model interestingly reveal that in the long-run, real GDP of destination, real per capita GDP of source, terrorism incidents in source, and air transport connectivity of the destination with major source countries are the crucial determinants that encourage FTAs. In contrast, real exchange rate (RER) of Indian Rupee per US dollar, terrorist incidents, and cognizable crimes in the destination are observed to have strong negative impacts and are dissuading FTAs into India. Further, an application of dynamic ordinary least square (DOLS) and canonical cointegration regression (CCR) techniques validated the estimates, ensuring robustness of our findings. This knowledge helps the policy making in recommending more investment on factors of attraction and dampening the effect of dissuading factors. Identifying a country's strength and weaknesses in tourism helps in a long way to ameliorate FTAs and foreign exchange earnings (FEE). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

No corner of the world is completely safe from terrorist attacks. Both India and the United States have suffered horrific acts of terrorist-inspired violence. While views of terrorism vary for different reasons, culture certainly plays a role. A total of 918 undergraduate college students, composed of 434 Indian students and 484 U.S. students, were surveyed on their views of terrorism, responses to terrorism, and appropriate punishment of terrorists. Ordered ordinal regression results indicated a significant difference on 20 of the 26 items by nationality. Indian participants were more likely to express strong views on the problem of terrorism for society and to see terrorists as more similar to common criminals than their U.S. counterparts. Indian students were also more likely to feel that the government should do whatever was necessary to win against terrorists, while U.S. students were more likely to view winning against terrorists as difficult. Further, Indian respondents were more likely to feel that terrorists needed to be punished harshly and the death penalty would deter them, while U.S. respondents more likely to feel convicted terrorists should be able to appeal their sentences. The results suggest that culture plays a role in shaping terrorism views. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The advent of internet has led to prodigious growth in popularity of social media platforms for people to communicate and opinionate on topics of their interests. And, terroristic events being a topic of national importance, receives enormous response from the citizens. Unfortunately, miscreants with anti-national agendas incite the large available audience on these platforms against the country by inducing anti-national content amid terrorist attacks. The social media platforms being of informal use are commonly observed to have users opinionating using multiple languages in same sentence called code-mixing. The over-arching goal of research done is to identify anti-national code-mix textual content on YouTube in the form of comments on terrorism-related videos. We collected YouTube comments on videos related to terroristic events in Kashmir region of India, which consisted of code-mix comments in Hindi (native language of India) and English languages. The paper presents a novel deep-learning-based transformer model HE-CM-BERT, i.e. Hindi-English code-mix BERT, where we extend the vocabulary of pre-trained multilingual BERT with code-mix vocabulary extracted from the collected data to automate the detection of anti-national code-mix text. The comparative analysis of the proposed model with the state-of-the-art machine learning and deep learning models depicts that it outperforms the existing ones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ideological violence, according to previous research, tends to spike following what may be perceived as an electoral success of an ideologically-affiliated political camp. Despite a growing number of examples across the globe, the extent to which ideological success in electoral processes impacts terrorism within constituencies remains under-researched. This exploratory analysis seeks to examine how majority-minority outcomes in the electoral process influence terrorism in democratic states. This study employs a longitudinal case study approach for the Republic of India, using publicly available data from the Census of India and open-sourced data on terrorist activity. We find that economic stress most strongly impacts the likelihood that supporters of the political majority will engage in terrorist activity, followed by social cohesion, measured through religious homogeneity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Establishing a liberal government in post-Taliban Afghanistan allowed India to fulfil its foreign policy goal, i.e., investment in Afghanistan to acquire leverage for its anti-Pakistan agenda. However, the twenty-year war ended with the US withdrawal from Afghanistan in 2021, resulting in the Taliban's rise to power, diminishing Indian influence and reversion of its interests. India halted its investment and diplomatic engagement with the Taliban government due to its previous position, which led India to compromise on its strategic interests outlined in the presence of US forces. To safeguard its strategic interests, India has resumed its diplomatic and economic engagement with the Taliban government at a critical time when other regional states are analysing the US' future course of action towards the war-torn country. Therefore, this paper examines how India evaluates the newly structured regional environment while finding a new role in Afghanistan. It also analyses the implications of India-Afghanistan re-engagement for Pakistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper discusses the use of social media by the ruling party BJP and its opposition, especially Congress, during the pandemic in India. The party at the centre has used social media, especially for two reasons; firstly, the BJP leveraged social media to promote the image of India as a "responsible sovereign" at the global level during the COVID-19 pandemic. The Indian government, under the leadership of Narendra Modi, has exported drugs and medicines to different countries during the first wave of the COVID-19 pandemic. The party has extensively used social media platforms, especially Twitter, to engage with global leaders during the pandemic. Secondly, the party and its right-wing supporters have used social media to highlight the achievements of Modi's government at the domestic level. The ruling party has used a "free vaccination campaign" for its political gains, and Narendra Modi was portrayed as the "savior" of the Indian people during the pandemic. The BJP and its supporters have also employed social media to target Muslim minorities during the pandemic. This paper also discusses the opposition parties' use of social media, especially Congress, during the pandemic phase in India. The opposition parties have mainly used social media to target and expose the weaknesses of Modi's government in handling the pandemic in India. This paper analyses the different themes, such as the ruling party's use of social media to promote its image both at the global and at domestic level, targeting of Muslims for spreading coronavirus, role of opposition parties, internal disputes, international status-seeking, and vaccine diplomacy. To fulfill the requirements of this study, both primary and secondary data collection methods were used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Contemporary research on Salafism and terrorism often misses out much coming from nations like India where Salafists have an entrenched presence. This article tries to bridge the gap by examining Salafist organisations in India and their approach to violence and terrorism. Relying on fieldwork conducted in three states of India in 2021/2022, primary sources such as videos of various ideologues in Malayalam, Urdu, English, and Kannada as well as secondary sources including available literature on Salafis and violence in India, this article presents a comprehensive understanding of how Indian Salafists have reacted to violence. Tracing the history of Salafism in India to the 19th/20th century in the North and the South, it argues that in the contemporary era, Salafists have institutionally opposed the use of violence to achieve any gains for Islam. This opposition is rooted in Qur'anic injunctions and the Ahadeeth where interpretations supporting non‐violence are both locally produced and inspired externally, especially from Saudi Arabia. This opposition is derived from a range of reasons including their historic presence, participation in the democratic process and fear of reprisal among others. The article thus, makes a significant contribution to Salafism, Islam in India and terrorism studies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article looks at the linkage between arms smuggling and terrorist groups operating in and outside India, focusing on inflow and outflow of weapons through the country. By examining various news reports and using information from security officials, it concludes that the nexus between arms smugglers and terrorists encompasses multiple fronts. These include weapons that enter India mainly from Pakistan, Myanmar, and Bangladesh. Using theories of insurgencies as a reference point, it analyzes how various terrorist/insurgent groups in India have sustained themselves logistically using these linkages to wage war against the Indian state. The article thus tries to tackle the under-researched nexus between arms proliferation and terrorism in India and abroad by providing national, socioeconomic, and political recommendations, a useful reference point for members from the government, security, and research community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Terrorism is a global issue that prevails throughout the world on all scales. As the distribution of terrorist activities does not follow a random pattern in space and time, its spatiotemporal analysis has drawn considerable attention in recent years. Further, timely identification of Spatio-temporal terrorist activity hotspots is vital to prioritize the security efforts put by a country's security enforcement agencies. The state-of-the-art methods for Spatiotemporal hotspot detection are based on scan statistics, which enumerates many Spatio-temporal cylinders, making it a computationally expensive approach. Therefore, this paper presents a time-efficient Particle Swarm Optimizer (PSO) based algorithm to detect the most significant Spatio-temporal hotspots. We formulated an optimization model for the problem and applied three variants of PSO viz. conventional PSO, HCL-PSO, and Ensemble PSO. Finally, these schemes have been used to detect spatio-temporal hotspots of different terrorist attacks in India. The results obtained by PSO-based methods have been compared with SaTScan over two parameters: the time required to detect the hotspot and its quality. All the PSO-based schemes significantly outperformed SaTScan in the timely identification of the hotspots. In addition, the quality of hotspots detected by HCL-PSO is at par with SaTScan, whereas the quality of hotspots detected by the other two approaches is slightly lesser than SaTScan. However, the quality of hotspots detected by the other two variants of PSO is slightly lesser than SaTScan. The results are statistically validated using Friedman's statistical test. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The number of train accidents has been declining every year and the number of people killed and injured in train accidents has been declining day by day. In India after independence number of rail accidents 47. In this research, researchers have taken human death average of 50 and animals 05. It is examined that from the year 1951 to 1970 the railway accidents were a little bit increasing. But after1971 to 1980 the column was on is bottom of the graph. While in 1981 to 1990 the number of railway accidents was on its peak. Again from 1991 to 2020 number of accidents was medium. The reason for the medium number of accidents is because of GPS, Satellite, Mobile, and digital technology. The percentage of technology and the mechanical fault were more compared to natural causes and man-made causes and it was natural causes 17%, man-made cause's 17% and 66% technological and mechanical fault. The factors of man-made causes are terror attack and Naxal attack, the factor of natural causes flood and fog. The factor technological and mechanical causes are high speed and brake failure. From 1947 to 1951, the killing and injured rate is less. But in1981 to 2010 the number of Injured and killing rates is high. The reason for the increasing killing and injured rate are connected to the number of population increases, so passengers within the bogies also increase. While from 2011 to 2020 the number of injured and killing rate is less. The reason for less killing and injured rate in the 20th century are medical facilities, disaster management courses, technological improvement, LHB coaches, and strict laws and ticket checked. Apart from the data from 1947 to January 2022 more time periods can be added. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The US withdrawal from Afghanistan is being seen as much of a setback for the US, as for India. New Delhi's perspectives are shaped by its concerns over security and, overwhelmingly, the role of Pakistan in the region. Afghanistan has, in the past, provided camps for training Pakistani and Kashmiri militants. But India has, in the meantime strengthened its border defences significantly and will be able to easily handle the challenge. As for narcotics, it operates on a plane of its own and is not related to the ebb and flow of terrorism and militancy in Indian Administered Kashmir (IAK). Pakistan is certainly flying high in the Af–Pak region with a government of its choice in place in Kabul. But it has its own constraints, not in the least its economic situation. An India–Pakistan reconciliation would go a long way in further reducing the non‐traditional security threats/challenges and enhancing stability in Afghanistan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Far Right Extremism is not a new phenomenon nowadays, it has emerged in every society of world gradually on the name of caste, race, religion, and ethnicity. Saffron Terrorism is a deadly shape of Far-Right extremism which is based on Hindutva ideology and flourishes on religious hatred, communal violence, Hindu Muslim riots and ethnic cleansing towards religious minorities living in India. The target of saffron terror is secular nationalism, not the only Muslim community. Secular nationalism's philosophy, includes religious diversity and equality, poses a significant challenge to the Hindu Nationalist's project of uniformity. Indian political history is highlighted with many major examples of saffron terrorism initiated and powered by numerous Hindu extremist groups. Saffron Terrorism has boosted in the era of Prime Minister Narendra Modi, a lifetime member of Hindu Far Right extremist organization RSS, and contest election from the platform of BJP, a political wing of RSS. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In August 2019, India's ruling Bharatiya Janata Party (BJP), led by Prime Minister Narendra Modi, took the historic decision of abrogating Article 370 of the Indian Constitution, which revoked Kashmir's special status. The contentious move resulted in the emergence of two key competing narratives, with political supporters hailing the abrogation as the liberation of the nation from decades of secessionism and terrorism; and opponents representing it as an assault on democracy and the Constitution. This paper will analyze political contrast in the narratives of political supporters and opponents and how each side discursively represented the abrogation to legitimatize their respective versions of reality. To conduct the analysis, I will draw on Author's (2015) theoretical framework of the Discourse of Illusion, with application to analysis of data occurring from three aspects: historicity (use of the past to justify the present or predict the future); linguistic and semiotic action (subjective conceptualizations of the world made apparent through significant metaphorical rhetoric); and the degree of social impact (the rise of delineating categories as a result of one's rhetoric). • Political contrast in India's Modi and Shashi Tharoor's narratives on Article 370. • Legitimizing ideological narratives by competing political groups. • Discourse of Illusion framework for deconstructing socio-political argumentation. • Multi-perspective framework using structured immediacy, metaphor and categorization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ananda Marga (AM) was established in India in 1951, and was over time involved in political violence there. Its leader was arrested in 1971 and AM banned in 1975. By then it had spread globally, with AM groups set up in Australia and New Zealand in the early 1970s all peacefully disposed. The 1975 banning of the sect in India led to a change in AM behaviour globally, with the first act of AM terrorism outside of India attempted in New Zealand that year. AM acts of terrorism occurred subsequently in Australia. There were significant links between AM in both countries, but Australia and New Zealand chose individual national approaches over a coordinated response to AM terrorism. These approaches were not always effective and at times actually counter-productive. This case study considers the limitations of CT tactics used at the time, some of which are still used today. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article, based on modern and historical sources on this topic, describes the practical and scientific activities of representatives of "Indian mysticism" on religious tolerance. In this regard, it can be said with confidence that the attention given by the Sufis to national customs, traditions and even their language, regardless of the nationality and religion of Indian citizens, is a practical proof of our opinion. Because as a result of the activities of the aforementioned Sufis, the constant visits of the local population to the places of their choice were a vital reflection of the virtues of religious tolerance, the emergence of prosperous transitions. The study and mastery of local languages and religious sources, which are an integral part of Sufi scholarly activity, over time, began to find their own positive reflection among Indians. The study and mastery of local languages and religious sources, which are an integral part of Sufi scholarly activity, over time began to find their own positive reflection among Indians. Thus, this incident led to the emergence of a spirit of compassion instead of alienation between the representatives of Islam and Hinduism. Moreover, Sufi scholars focused on the commonality of Hinduism and Sufi teachings and, finally, on the cultural and educational cooperation of Indian and Muslim writers, not only spread and assimilated Islam in India, but Mahatma Gandhi also described: He also laid the foundation for the formation of the symbol of "one nation ". Thus, the scientific propaganda of the ideas of religious tolerance in the fight against such forces as terrorism and extremism in the world inspires hope for the stability of humanistic feelings in the sense of "science is salvation." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Suicide is an intentional actof a person causing one’s own death. Suicide bombing is the choice of an individual or organization member to embrace death for achievement. Suicide bombers are mostly from terrorist organization. It is a crime scene report wherein a normal citizen, a lorry driver in India triggered suicidal bombing in a money lending shop. Suicidal death with explosive by normal citizens is rare. The author, then Government forensic crime scene investigator had investigated the suicidal bombing scene wherein a lorry driver aged about 42 years committed suicide bombing in a money lending shop. It was not a terrorist attack,from any terrorist organization. The author examined the blasting site and identified the type of explosive used in this act. After the bombing, the bomber survived for a while and subsequently collapsed within a shop, a rental house.The dead body found on the floor, within the shop with injuries on abdomen with exposed viscera. The body was intact, nor blown to pieces as appeared in terrorist suicide attack. An improvised devise found attached in abdomen region and the chemical substance used was low power explosives, never used by the terrorists for the suicide attack.The author concluded with a finding that the local lorry driver had committed suicide bombing under stress, because of his inability to pay the lorry loan instalments for many months. It was an act of psychological stress rather than terrorist attack since the moneylender was safe, even in his close range of the bomber. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]