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The United States has improved relations with no other country during the Trump administration as much as it advanced its relationship with India. US-India relations have arguably marked their historical high points since Trump entered office and India seems to be overcoming its suspicion of closer cooperation with the US. Given these developments, this article aims to theorize the relationship through the hegemonic stability theory and explain US strategy toward India. We first demonstrate why India is accepting the hegemonic standing of the US in the Indo-Pacific and then – since balance of power politics are still a staple of policymakers' approach to stability in the Indo-Pacific – we introduce the notion of induced balancing to show what approach the United States has adopted to empower India to expand its balancing capacity vis-à-vis China. The last section of the article empirically maps the various incentives that Washington offers to New Delhi in order to situate it in the desired position of a proxy China-balancer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nuclear ballistic missile submarines (SSBNs) are traditionally believed to provide assured second-strike capability and stabilize deterrence. This paper contests this classical assumption in South Asia's context and argues that SSBN capability to become secure and credible deterrent depends upon doctrinal issues, command and communication systems, and operational readiness of SSBN force. In a dyad, if both countries have invulnerable second strike capability, there is less incentive to strike first. Whereas invulnerability of one country incentivizes first strike. In South Asian strategic situation, an assured sea-based second-strike capability may contribute to India's aggressive nuclear posture. This paper evaluates New Delhi's induction of SSBNs in light of its stated notion of minimalism, as declared in its nuclear doctrine, and discusses in the context of traditional stability theory associated with the development of SSBN force. This paper primarily considers deterrence stability and crisis stability as two dependent variables to study how India's sea-based nuclear capability affects strategic stability in South Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary: To promote artificial rain in India and other such developing countries, in this article, we have proposed and analyzed a nonlinear mathematical model for cloud seeding by considering that aerosols are introduced proportional to the density of water vapors present in the atmosphere. The model is analyzed using Lyapunov's stability theory of differential equations. To reduce the cost of cloud seeding, an optimal control strategy is designed by incorporating four control parameters. We have shown the existence and uniqueness of solution of this optimal control problem, using Pontryagins Maximum Principle. To minimize the cost in making artificial rain, the optimal control problem provides the strategy for the rate of introduction of aerosols in the atmosphere. To capture the effects of environmental noise on control strategies, the model in deterministic framework is converted into stochastic framework. In this regard, the Hamilton‐Jacobi‐Bellman equation for stochastic control cost function has been formed. The stochastic analysis implies that the control strategy is effective in reducing the cost and increasing rainfall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

E-Governance systems are socio-technical systems. The change affects socio-technical systems by shifting assemblies of constituent sub-systems. Using Multi-Level Perspective, MLP, technology transition literature has numerous instances explaining shifting of assemblies for socio-technical systems from stability, change, and transitions based on neo-Schumpeterian approach. Two approaches mainly characterize evolution and are 1) neo-Schumpeterian - variation, selection, and retention, and 2) naturalistic - novelty, emergence, and dissemination. Unique characteristic exists between society and E-Governance where one influences the other and acted upon by the other. E-Governance literature has relatively little attention as transition studies analyzing the interplay of developments at macro, meso and micro levels. Therefore, the author extended MLP to E-Governance systems by considering both approaches of evolution. It is essential to understand the context in which the interplay of developments takes place; moreover, transitions can have several trajectories or pathways. Therefore, the author selected case study with multiple E-Governance cases to represent various trajectories. The selected cases were from Central and state governments of India and represented domains citizen services, workflow automation of different magnitudes, and integration of departments. The case selection considered all three government scenarios. Governments implement E-Governance with a participating organization, the author during case selection ensured diverse participating organizations. In doing so, did analyze the interplay of developments in E-Governance and developed a multi-scalar MLP for E-Governance. Structuration and temporal dimensions along with spatial explain interoperations in E-Governance. By improving spatial dimension, actors can develop organizational capabilities to share information and increase knowledge management resulting in better interoperations within and among themselves. In doing so, actors can improve processes by developing activities that help in the better cumulation of the radical innovations as stable designs. In other words, process innovations assist to stabilize product innovations. The author from the selected cases noted a technology deterministic approach with the latest ICT innovations and traditional forms of organizing, with cases that exhibit new forms of organizing it is possible to obtain more insights to improve interoperability. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A set of fifty genotypes of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)were evaluated in three different environments during 2008-09 to determine the stability for seed yield plant height , number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, biological yield, seed yield per plant, harvest index (%), 100 seed weight . Analysis of variance revealed significant differences among the genotypes for all the characters studied. Stability analysis showed that a major portion of genotype x environment (G x E) interaction was accompanied by linear component for number of branches per plant, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod, biological yield, seed yield per plant and 100 seed weight, whereas, non-linear portion predominantly contributed towards plant height, number of branches per plant and harvest index. Environment two (E2) was observed to be best for most of the yield attributing traits. Considering all the parameters, genotypes H06-79, H04-31, HK05-151, HK06-162, HK06-170, HK06-171, HK-2, HK-3, H06-32 having bi> 1 and i = 0 found promising for favourable environment, while genotype HC-3 having bi< 1 and S-2di= 0 found promising for unfavourable environment and genotypes H05-10, HK06-152, HK06-155 having bi= 1 and S-2di = 0 across the environments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a study that examines the effects of fertility on family change in India. It describes the trends in fertility in the country, focusing on the slow and steady pace of fertility decline in years following prolonged stability. It compares Indian patterns with those observed for some of its Asian rivals. It discusses wanted and unwanted fertility and shows how unwanted fertility still forms a large proportion of overall fertility in many states. It examines women's age at the initiation of childbearing.