Search

We have attempted to reproduce the results in Development and validation of a deep learning algorithm for detection of diabetic retinopathy in retinal fundus photographs, published in JAMA 2016; 316(22), using publicly available data sets. We re-implemented the main method in the original study since the source code is not available. The original study used non-public fundus images from EyePACS and three hospitals in India for training. We used a different EyePACS data set from Kaggle. The original study used the benchmark data set Messidor-2 to evaluate the algorithm's performance. We used another distribution of the Messidor-2 data set, since the original data set is no longer available. In the original study, ophthalmologists re-graded all images for diabetic retinopathy, macular edema, and image gradability. We have one diabetic retinopathy grade per image for our data sets, and we assessed image gradability ourselves. We were not able to reproduce the original study's results with publicly available data. Our algorithm's area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC) of 0.951 (95% CI, 0.947-0.956) on the Kaggle EyePACS test set and 0.853 (95% CI, 0.835-0.871) on Messidor-2 did not come close to the reported AUC of 0.99 on both test sets in the original study. This may be caused by the use of a single grade per image, or different data. This study shows the challenges of reproducing deep learning method results, and the need for more replication and reproduction studies to validate deep learning methods, especially for medical image analysis. Our source code and instructions are available at: . [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: The seismological records of past events provide insight into the seismic activities in an area. They help in preparing long-term plans to manage earthquake disasters. We present a system to display and analyse historical seismological data using the Java-based software application Kampan 2006. This interactive multi-purpose tool can display and analyse seismological data with a simple click of the mouse. The design and development of Kampan 2006 strictly followed the concepts of software engineering. We used the programming capabilities of Java to the fullest extent in developing Kampan 2006. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The phenomenal growth of India's information technology (IT) industry has produced a transnational class of professionals who are actively engaged in constructing a notion of a new India that is global in scope, yet Indian in essence. The affluent US-based Indian diaspora, along with professionals in India, co-construct a new India. This interaction has been enhanced through growing professional opportunities in India for immigrants who return. Between the software hubs of Silicon Valley and Bangalore, discourses of belonging that emphasise "Indian family values" gain strength through constant circulation. Professional women play a critical role in re-inventing the Indian family and thus, a new kind of "global Indianness". Drawing from interviews with software engineers in Silicon Valley and Bangalore, this paper argues that a new discourse of belonging to India is a fundamentally gendered one that relies on the ability of professional women to make delicate balances between an "Indian" home life and a "global" professional life. The similarities across contexts of these personal struggles indicate the merging of meanings of Indianness among professional Indians across the globe, suggesting a need for a transnational approach to diaspora studies that is attentive to the dynamics of gender, class and nation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At the turn of the twentieth century, ethnic enclaves helped immigrants to find jobs and to adjust to their surroundings. In the twenty-first century, transnational professionals also have other spaces of support: the ‘virtual’ enclaves made possible by new communication tools. Based on interviews with high-tech professionals over the course of an industry boom and downturn, in this article I trace the institutions that affected structures of online help with work. For some engineers from India and Taiwan, alumni ties, maintained by email lists, were important; these transnational workers had an allegiance to their ‘batch’ (university cohort) that the US-born workers lacked. Their far-flung, multi-tiered alumni lists combined the benefits of strong and weak ties: deep commitments and unique information. This study makes a contribution to theorization of immigrant adjustment, social capital and work technologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents an analysis on the offshore development of technical computer science or software engineering, with an emphasis on its profound effect in the field of computer engineering and its influence on the technology as a whole. The author has made an extensive discussion about industrial revolution, explaining how some jobs disappear while some are created. He has likewise discussed how developing countries have built an industry of offshore software development. Of particular importance is the case of India, to which the author has exhaustively discussed economic profiles highlighting on its success in outsourcing industry.

Engineers in the United States are expected to work 70- and 80-hour weeks routinely. Research an groups of software engineers working in India, China and Hungary indicates that such work hours are not inherent in the work. Rather, work-time standards and norms are found to vary across the three sites studied. Moreover, the way work is coordinated among engineers and between engineers and their managers appears to perpetuate these work-time standards and norms Both the theoretical and practical implications are discussed.