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In the wake of many emergent challenges facing higher education institutes (HEIs), this paper investigates the role of student empowerment in achieving desirable academic and experiential outcomes. Drawing on the self-determination and ownership theories, the study explores how students' satisfaction and perceived learning can be improved through their involvement in various activities within and beyond classrooms. It is further posited that such involvement encourages empowerment and fosters psychological ownership, which is critical for meeting the aforementioned holistic outcomes. The study deploys a mixed-method research design and uses Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) to analyse the data collected from the sample of 428 students. Besides supporting the majority of the proposed hypotheses, the results establish psychological ownership to be a crucial link between student empowerment and educational outcomes. More significantly, the findings demonstrate the importance of carefully considered and planned involvement practices in achieving such outcomes. To this end, the paper discusses and offers several recommendations and implementation pathways that could potentially serve as a playbook for the instructors and administrators at various HEIs.

Non-cognitive outcomes like Academic Self-efficacy (ASE) and Intrinsic Goal Orientation (IGO) have a bearing on students' academic and life outcomes. Yet, the way teacher practices influence these outcomes has remained underexplored. We examined the influence of Teacher Innovative Behaviour (TIB) on students' IGO and ASE within a span of one academic year (2015-16) in Indian government primary schools. Using structural equation modelling, we studied change in IGO and ASE among school students (N = 6421, grades 6-8) taught by 346 teachers with varying levels of TIB. The findings revealed that higher levels of TIB predicted higher levels of IGO but were unrelated to ASE after controlling for student demographics and prior outcomes. The independent variables collectively explained 20% and 15% of the variation in IGO and ASE. The implications of this study for teacher educators, education administrators, and policymakers are discussed.

This article describes the educational innovation fairs (EIF), a large-scale collaborative action research initiative undertaken by an academic institution and the teacher-education department of a provincial government in India over a three-year period (2015 to 2017). The EIF initiative primarily sought to help teacher-educators in 26 sub-provincial teacher training institutes (STTIs) realize the potential of teacher-generated innovations to enrich the teacher training curriculum in the state-run schooling system. It required teacher-educators to identify and validate innovative teacher-generated work, that was then displayed for two days in a year in a public exhibition visited by a large number of teachers. Case studies of the displayed work were then sent to schools and used in teacher training programmes. The EIF experience indicates the importance of setting the political and academic context carefully if action research is to take off in the public education system. Second, the policy adaptation that is inevitable in such a system implies an understanding of the deviations that might be considered tolerable. Finally, the partners need to jointly reflect on and consciously plan their post-collaboration individual trajectories during the collaboration itself, for the outcomes of action research have to be embedded in an evolving research agenda aimed at continuous improvement.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to propose a model developed through a thorough qualitative analysis of pertinent stakeholder perceptions that can be used to map Master of Business Administration (MBA) students' aspirations, goals, strengths and weaknesses to create optimal interventions and enable better employability. Design/methodology/approach: This study used an exploratory research design. The authors conducted interviews with 60 stakeholders to identify themes that form constituents of the E-Career Canvas for Individuals (E-CCI) model. To assess the impact of the proposed initiative, 30 random participants were chosen for interviews from among alumni, present students, faculty, recruiters and the university administration across five years. Findings: The proposed model captures the short-term and long-term goals of students concerning their career aspirations. This study has qualitatively explored the impacts of the E-CCI initiative on graduating students' outcomes. The impacts are positive. The findings also suggest that recruiters do experience an incremental difference among graduates who have participated in the E-CCI program at an educational institute in India. Practical implications: Business schools may adopt this model to create profiles of their MBA students. Students, as well as institutional administration, may work on mitigating the shortcomings and weaknesses identified through E-CCI initiatives and target the roles matching the profiles of students during placements. Originality/value: This paper presents a novel model of E-CCI to capture the aspirations of MBA graduates and direct them to fulfil their goals. This study takes into consideration the viewpoints of key stakeholders involved to map the effectiveness of the model.

The authors discovered a previously unknown population of Isoetes at Badami in Bagalkot district of Karnataka state, India in October 2022 which is determined to be I. bilaspurensis. This represents a new record for the Deccan plateau of Southern India and a significant disjunction from its previously known distribution in Chhattisgarh and Madhya Pradesh, Central India. In light of this additional information a revised, detailed description of I. bilaspurensis is presented. Morphological comparisons with closely related taxa, its conservation status, and the phytogeographic implications of its distribution are also provided. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aims to interpret management student's motivation to adopt m-learning and assesses the determinates impacting the behavioral intent of m-learning adoption. A comprehensive research archetype is proposed by integrating two prominent theoretical models, namely UTAUT and UGT. The research model is tested using multi-analytic structural equation modeling (SEM) and advanced neural network (ANN) approach. The quantitative data was gathered and measured from 220 management students. The study outcomes reported that affective need, performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence and facilitating conditions positively impacted the student's intent to use m-learning, whereas cognitive need was found to be insignificant in predicting and explicating the m-learning adoption. The results of sensitivity analysis revealed that effort expectancy showed the highest normalized importance (100%) followed by performance expectancy (97.2%) in explicating the m-learning adoption. The research archetype was able to elucidate 66% of variance in student's intent towards m-learning adoption. In addition to that, Cohen's f-square statistic resulted in effect size as 0.771 indicating that the study findings were relevant and substantial with the empirical data collected. Conclusively, the theoretic and managerial implications are described for the proposed model.

Context.--: Galactose-deficient immunoglobulin A1 (Gd-IgA1) deposition in the renal mesangium plays a role in the pathogenesis of IgA nephropathy. Objective.--: To assess the serum Gd-IgA1 level in biopsy-proven IgA nephropathy cases at diagnosis and 3 months post treatment and its relation with histologic Oxford classification. Design.--: In this hospital-based prospective cohort study, 40 cases and 20 controls were enrolled. Serum samples of biopsy-proven IgA nephropathy cases collected on the day of biopsy and 3 months post treatment were evaluated. Solid-phase ELISA (enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay) was performed for assessment of Gd-IgA1 level. All renal biopsies were scored by using the Oxford classification (C-MEST score). The association of serum Gd-IgA1 levels with other established prognostic parameters was assessed. To estimate the prognostic value of markers, logistic regression analysis and Kruskal-Wallis ANOVA (analysis of variance) were used. Results.--: A significant difference was observed in the serum Gd-IgA1 level values in the IgA nephropathy cases and healthy controls (P = .001) at baseline. However, no significant correlation between serum Gd-IgA1 levels at baseline and 3 months of follow-up (P = .31) or between baseline levels and age, proteinuria, hematuria, or estimated glomerular filtration rate was noted. There was no significant correlation between C-MEST score and serum Gd-IgA1 levels at baseline (P > .05); however, the distribution of Gd-IgA1 at 3 months was found to differ significantly between different grades of S score (P = .008). Conclusions.--: Serum Gd-IgA1 levels may be of utility in predicting disease progression in IgA nephropathy cases. Measurement of serum Gd-IgA1 levels for the diagnosis and prognosis of IgA nephropathy may preclude the need for invasive renal biopsies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In India, tobacco (nicotine) addiction among youth has increased, leading to substantial socioeconomic burdens, mortality, and morbidity. While minimal short-term nicotine consumption may have antioxidant effects, chronic exposure results in various adverse health outcomes. This study examines the impact of chronic nicotine consumption on cellular oxidative stress and psychological stress, and their correlation with Homocysteine (Hcy) levels in unemployed tobacco consumers. This case-control study included 156 healthy, educated, unemployed male volunteers aged 20–40 years, divided into nicotine-addicted (n = 80) and non-addicted (n = 76) groups. Psychological stress was assessed using perceived stress scales (PSS) and coping self-efficacy (CSE) scales. Oxidative stress markers, including Malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), and Catalase, were measured. Hcy levels were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Nicotine-addicted participants exhibited significantly higher perceived stress (p = 0.0001) and lower coping self-efficacy (p = 0.0001) compared to non-addicted individuals. MDA levels in erythrocytes were significantly increased (p = 0.0006), while SOD (p = 0.0001) and Catalase (p = 0.02) activities were significantly decreased in the addicted group. Nicotine intake influenced Hcy concentrations, with 55% of addicted individuals falling into moderate, 27.5% into intermediate, and 7.5% into severe Hcy categories. Chronic nicotine intake also reflected the hematological parameters (WBCs, RBCs, HGB, and Platelets). Chronic tobacco consumption induces oxidative stress and perceived psychological stress, leading to elevated Hcy levels in nicotine consumers. The study highlights the detrimental effects of nicotine addiction on cellular defensive mechanisms, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to address this growing health issue among unemployed Indian youth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Inclusion of legumes in cereal based cropping system restores soil fertility and improves carbon storage and soil quality. In this background a field experiment was conducted in a strip-split plot design using three legume species viz., green gram, groundnut and cluster bean as vertical strip, two residue management practices i.e. residue removal (-R) and residue retention (+R) as horizontal strip, and three nitrogen levels i.e. 100%, 75% and 50% recommended rate of nitrogen (N) application in intersectional sub plots with four replications during summer 2017 and 2018. The grain and stover yield of maize, N uptake and soil properties were monitored after each crop harvest; soil nitrogen balance and soil organic carbon were estimated. Under 100% N fertilization, cluster bean – maize cropping system with residue (+R) recorded 12.78 and 9.78% higher maize grain and stover yield, respectively than without residue (–R) treatment. Highest available N (189.9 kg ha−1) and available P (54.5 kg ha−1) were registered under cluster bean- maize cropping system. Legume residue incorporation resulted 9.65, 8.46, 7.09 and 8.86% higher (p = 0.05) WBC content, WBC stock, available N and P contents over residue removal scenario. Annually, 1.71% added carbon converted into soil organic carbon. Legume residue retention and 100% recommended rate of nitrogen application enhanced nitrogen balance. Soil N balance was highest under groundnut – maize system (165 kg ha−1). Overall, for better soil health and optimum crop production, cluster bean – maize cropping system with legume residue retention and 100% N fertilization may be promoted in semi-arid Western India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The smartphone has become a popular device, especially among young adults, with its significance highlighted during the COVID-19 lockdownwhen online classes became necessary for college students. This research aimed to evaluate the prevalence of smartphone use and its impact on healthrelated behaviors reported by college-going students in North India. Due to the pandemic, data collection was conducted through a Google form, and a questionnaire was used to gather information on various parameters. The Food Frequency Questionnaire assessed the frequency of food group consumption, while the validated Smartphone Addiction Scale--Shorter Version measured smartphone addiction. A total of 142 participants aged 18 to 24 years, including 59% female and 41% male participants from Delhi-NCR, were recruited using convenience sampling. The findings revealed a smartphone addiction prevalence of 41%. Statistically significant associations were found between smartphone use and sleep quality (p < .001), body mass index status (p = .016), and sedentary behavior (p < .001). Notably, smartphone screen time (p < .001) and stress levels (p = .028) correlated significantly with smartphone addiction based on the Smartphone Addiction Scale--Short Version score. This study highlights the significant prevalence of smartphone addiction (41%) among college students, which is associatedwithadverseeffectsonsleepquality, physical activity, and stress levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Longitudinal incision is the commonly used incision for entry into the submucosal space during peroral endoscopic myotomy (POEM) for esophageal motility disorders. Transverse incision is another alternative for entry and retrospective data suggest it has less operative time and chance of gas-related events. Methods: This was a single-center, randomized trial conducted at a tertiary care hospital. Patients undergoing POEM for esophageal motility disorders were randomized into group A (longitudinal incision) and group B (transverse incision). The primary objective was to compare the time needed for entry into the submucosal space. The secondary objectives were to compare the time needed to close the incision, number of clips required to close the incision, and development of gas-related events. The sample size was calculated as for a non-inferiority design using Kelsey method. Results: Sixty patients were randomized (30 in each group). On comparing the 2 types of incisions, there was no difference in entry time [3 (2, 5) vs 2 (1.75, 5) min, p = 0.399], closure time [7 (4, 13.5) vs 9 (6.75, 19) min, p = 0.155], and number of clips needed for closure [4 (4, 6) vs 5 (4, 7), p = 0.156]. Additionally, the gas-related events were comparable between the 2 groups (capnoperitoneum needing aspiration—5 vs 2, p = 0.228, and development of subcutaneous emphysema—3 vs 1, p = 0.301). Conclusion: This randomized trial shows comparable entry time, closure time, number of clips needed to close the incision, and gas-related events between longitudinal and transverse incisions. Registration number: CTRI/2021/08/035829. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper explores technology integration and the role of teacher beliefs in this integration to assess a 'smart-class' initiative that was introduced in 3173 Grade 7-8 classrooms of 1609 public schools in India in 2017. It first reports on the impact of the initiative at the end of its first year, using a sample of 2574 children drawn from 155 project schools and 155 non-project schools. A two-level multivariate analysis did not indicate any significant effect of the project on student subject knowledge, attitude towards subject and subject self-efficacy beliefs. A follow-up interpretive study that used the open-ended responses of 170 project teachers and four in-depth case studies revealed that the e-content supplied supported some traditional beliefs of teachers while challenging others; the latter, however, led to resistance that hindered learning processes. Thus, both support and challenge seem to have led to a reproduction of the traditional classroom, resulting in no significant differences in outcomes between project and non-project classrooms. The paper calls for greater awareness among content developers of how their beliefs can subvert technology integration, and for supportive professional development of teachers that will help them incorporate technology in their pedagogical practice.

Non-cognitive competencies play critical role in education. Interventions targeted at these competencies require access to valid measures. Within Indian context, no such validated measure exists at present, and teachers depend on their subjective evaluation of students' non-cognitive competencies represented via grade or comment on report card. This study examined convergent validity and measurement invariance of seven sub-scales of the Motivated Strategies for Learning Questionnaire (MSLQ), a widely used tool but not yet validated within Indian context. MSLQ, a measure of several non-cognitive competencies, was validated across four castes and two gender groups (N = 6423 elementary school students), the two categories highly relevant in the Indian context. For establishing convergent validity, multi-group confirmatory factor analysis was conducted where all the subfactors were allowed to correlate with each other. For measurement invariance, configural, metric, and scalar invariance were assessed by sequentially imposing more restrictive conditions. We found evidence for strong configural, metric, and scalar invariance across the gender and caste groups, and across all the seven sub-scales of MSLQ. Results also indicated good model fit for all caste and gender groups, thus establishing the convergent validity of all the sub-scales. The implications of the findings are discussed.

To assess the prevalence of hyponatremia in critically ill elderly patients on admission to acute care facility; its clinic-demographic correlates, impact on clinical course and outcome. Method: The study was done at a centre for geriatric medicine palliative care hospital & hospice at its critical care unit at Lucknow between 2021–2022 for one year. A total of 267 subjects from the hospital records of non-COVID ICU admissions were analysed. Serum sodium levels < 135 mEq/L at admission was considered as hyponatremia. Demographic profile and comorbidity profile of the patients were also noted as per profroma. Severity of hyponatremia was assessed as mild (130–134.9 mEq/L), moderate (125–129.9 mEq/L) and severe (< 125 mEq/L) respectively. Total duration of ICU stay was noted as clinical course of illness and in-ICU mortality was noted as the final outcome. Data was analysed using SPSS 21.0 software. Chi-square, independent samples t-test and ANOVA were calculated. Results: Mean age of the patients was 72.65 ± 7.82 years (range 60–93 years), majority of them were men (56.2%). At admission, hyponatremia was seen in 36.3% (n = 97). Of this majority (n = 50; 51.5%) had mild, followed by moderate (n = 31; 32.0%) and severe (n = 16; 16.5%) hyponatremia. Mean duration of ICU stay was 8.65 ± 5.51 days (range 1–45 days). Mortality was seen in only 10 (3.7%) subjects. History of cardiovascular disease and higher mean number of comorbidities showed a significant association with at-admission hyponatremia. Mortality rate was significantly higher in hyponatremic (8.2%) as compared to non-hyponatremic patients (1.2%). Severity of hyponatremia showed a significant association with hypertension, cardiovascular disease, number of comorbidities, type of hyponatremia, but did not show a significant association with duration of ICU stay and mortality. Conclusion: Hospitalised critically ill elderly had a high prevalence of hyponatremia in just over 1/3rd subjects (36.3%) at the time of admission. Higher mortality and poor overall outcome were seen in those who also had hyponatremia irrespective of the index illness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Imphal Valley, situated in Manipur, India, stands as an intermontane valley of great ecological significance, notably hosting Loktak Lake. This research delves into the Land Use Land Cover Change (LULCC) within the Imphal Valley from 2016 to 2021 and assesses their impact on air quality across distinct land cover types. We used Sentinel‐1 & 2 data, ALOS PALSAR Digital Elevation Model, and applied Random Forest (RF), a machine learning algorithm for effective land use and land cover (LULC) mapping. Additionally, Sentinel‐5P data was utilized to monitor air quality parameters (CO, HCHO, NO2, SO2, Aerosol Index) spanning 2019 to 2021. The overall accuracies for the LULC maps employing a k (k = 3) fold approach for accuracy assessment varied between 88% and 92%, with corresponding Kappa coefficient ranging from 0.85 to 0.90. Noteworthy trends emerged from our analysis, revealing an increase in settlements and horticulture farms and a decline in forested areas and phumdis (floating biomass). Our findings highlight a mean concentration of CO ranging between 0.045 mol/m2 and 0.055 mol/m2 in different land cover types during February and March (2019–2021). Furthermore, we observed maximum mean HCHO, NO2, SO2, and aerosol index concentrations in March. Pollution levels surged during forest fires and shifting agriculture seasons, while aerosol levels declined during the lockdown period. This integrated approach emphasized on the comprehensive analysis of the dynamic interplay between LULCC and air quality in the Imphal Valley. This intricate relationship between LULC changes and air quality dynamics in the Imphal Valley, contribute to our understanding of the environmental dynamics in this ecologically vital region. Plain Language Summary: This research article titled "ML based Hybrid Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) and Optical LULC Mapping and change analysis with variations in air quality of the Imphal Valley, North‐East India" investigates LULC changes in the Imphal Valley from 2016 to 2021 and their impact on air quality (2019–2021). It employs SAR images, Sentinel 2 satellite images, and topographic features to map LULC using a RF Machine Learning Classifier. The study reveals changes in land cover types and their influence on pollutant concentrations, utilizing Sentinel 5P data for air quality monitoring. The integration of Sentinel data and topographic features enhances the accuracy of the analysis. Key Points: We mapped land use and land cover from 2016 to 2021 using Sentinel 1 and Sentinel 2 data sets with the Random Forest ML Algorithm of Imphal Valley located in Manipur, India and analyzed air quality parametersThere was a significant increase in settlement and a substantial decrease in Phumdis, Vegetation, and PaddyThe air quality was found to be adversely affected from January to April (2019, 2020, and 2021) owing to forest fires caused possibly due to shifting cultivation practices [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective of the present study is to observe the level of motivational inputs received by migrated and non-migrated students of JNVs during classroom teaching. In this research JNV Bilaspur was selected for data collection. Ten migrated students and ten non-migrated students were selected as sample. The self-developed Classroom Motivational Input Scale for Students was used to measure the level of motivational inputs received by students in classroom teaching. The raw score obtained on Classroom Motivational Input Scale for Students were converted to Z-Score for analysis. The results found that there is variation in the motivational inputs received by students during classroom teaching.

Higher Education Institutions (HEI) are facing a potential challenge at questioning the means and method as to how education is delivered and learning is credited. The leading agent for this change is online learning and transfer of credit for potential employment. The aim of this paper is to look into these questions by raising the questions locally and getting the response at RK University, Rajkot, India. The responses present an answer on how fast the University is growing, how an educational institution able to adapt to this change by incorporating necessary credit to the transcript, are students ready to pay extra for this, is it noticed by the potential employer as essential skill acquired, and is HEI working in the right direction? This study compares questions with the global trend and proposes a line of action. It seems that as the students are increasingly being hooked to social media, the presence is getting reflected in their public profile enhancing the perception of stated skill. The true reflection of this will be seen after few years, especially if it solves more problems than those created in society. There is no doubt that it is building a new social association, which could never be thought to be formed earlier and now it is getting commented. This accumulation of data helps us to develop new knowledge colonies for all of us. The most detrimental factor in all these is the cult of evaluation of a fake credential. It is considered that the wisdom will prevail even above truth.

India is one of the fastest growing major economies and has a burgeoning young workforce. The average age in India will be 29 years by 2020. Given the limitations of absorbing growing labor force-- especially the unskilled and semi-skilled-- in service sector, focus has to be on spurring manufacturing growth to take advantage of this large pool of manpower. The 'Make in India' has a grand vision of creating 100 million jobs by 2021. This ambitious program is designed to turn the subcontinent into a'global manufacturing hub' and increase jobs by providing afresh impetus to the economy. Running high on this momentum, the government has initiated several policies such as 'Skill India' and 'Digital India' to complement 'Make in India'. Attempting to tap this aggressive policy push, stakeholders are focusing on developing right skills to address the growing skill gap in various manufacturing sectors in the context of changing industrial landscape defined by new-age technologies. This chapter will present India's perspective on how country is working towards developing a cohesive environment for 'new-age' manufacturing and 'future ready' manpower.

Background: Pregabalin, approved for various medical conditions, has shown increasing misuse potential globally. However, limited research exists on pregabalin dependence in India. This study aimed to investigate the prevalence and characteristics of pregabalin dependence among individuals seeking substance use disorder (SUD) treatment in North India. Methods: A cross-sectional, analytical study was conducted on patients enrolled between August 2022 and July 2023 at an academic institution-based addiction treatment center. Case records of patients with pregabalin dependence were retrieved and compared with controls with opioid dependence but no history of pregabalin use. Results: Among 3766 registered patients, 135 had pregabalin dependence (prevalence: 3.58 per 100 registered patients). Pregabalin-dependent patients were male, with a median usage duration of eight months and a median daily dose of 1200 mg. Most had concurrent opioid dependence, primarily heroin, used via the injection route. The odds of pregabalin dependence among those with opioid dependence were significantly higher than those with other substance dependence (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.13-1.85). Reasons for pregabalin use included opioid craving reduction, sedation, and euphoria. Patients with pregabalin dependence were more likely to have lower socioeconomic status (P < 0.0001) and urban residence (P = 0.032), an earlier age of substance use initiation (P = 0.02) and treatment seeking (P < 0.0001), and a higher co-occurrence of psychiatric disorders (P = 0.007) and less occurrence of alcohol dependence (P = 0.03). Conclusion: Findings underscore the need for heightened awareness, screening, and intervention efforts targeting pregabalin misuse within SUD treatment. Further research should focus on longitudinal studies to elucidate pregabalin dependence's trajectory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India's rich diversity encompasses individuals from varied geographical, cultural, and ethnic backgrounds. In the field of population genetics, comprehending the genetic diversity across distinct populations plays a crucial role. This study presents significant findings from genetic data obtained from the Sikkimese population of India. Autosomal markers were crucial for evaluating forensic parameters, with a combined paternity index of 1 × 109. Notably, Penta E emerged as a distinguishing marker for individual identification in the Sikkim population. Fst genetic distance values revealed insights into genetic isolation among different groups, enhancing our understanding of population dynamics in the central Himalayan region. The NJ-based phylogenetic tree highlighted close genetic relationships, of the Sikkim population with the Nepalese population surrounding neighbouring Himalayan populations providing glimpses into common ancestry. In summary, this study contributes valuable data to population genetics and underscores the importance of genetic variation in comprehending population dynamics and forensic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food systems and their normative goal of achieving food security remain a robust global agenda. However, with the shifts toward a sustainable food system, there is an increasing interest in consolidating evidence on multiple dimensions of the food system. This article is an empirically grounded argument for using intergenerational relations to expand understanding of food systems by looking beyond the usual security outcomes and emphasising social welfare outcomes. Drawing on ethnographic research in an indigenous village in western India, I examine a rural, local food system and the transformations therein because of various socio-economic drivers, including changing livelihood opportunities. Evidence shows growing generational solidarity, with some positive effects for environmental sustainability and for revaluing indigenous culture, including traditional food systems, and generating new local livelihoods. Simultaneously, though, tensions are being created around intergenerational autonomy and cultural expressions. Moreover, the food transition has resulted in a decline in the nutritional content of local diets, which has health implications. This article raises questions whether trends towards sustainability and resilience are necessarily mutually reinforcing for natural resource-dependent indigenous communities and our natural environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: K.pneumoniae is a gram-negative bacterium belonging to the Enterobacteriaceae family. This microorganism is a part of the healthy microbiome of individuals and colonizes many parts of the body. The incidence of carbapenemresistant Klebsiella pneumoniae (CRKP) infections is increasing globally. In India, around 65% of K. pneumoniae isolates are resistant to carbapenem antibiotics. The blaNDM is the predominant carbapenem-resistant gene in CRKP isolates. AIM AND OBJECTIVE: To Study the Molecular Characterization of blaNDM-1 Resistant genes in Carbapenem Resistance Klebsiella Pneumonia Clinical isolates. MATERIAL AND METHODS:This was a cross sectional study carried out for a period of 1 year i.e, during 2023 to 2024at K.G.M.U, Lucknow . Samples like urine, sputum, ET tube, pleural fluid, pus, CSF, blood and Ascitic fluid were included in this study. Carbapenemase resistance was detected phenotypically by MHT, mCIM and eCIM methods and genotypically by using PCR where the DNA extraction was done and the resistant gene blaNDM-1 was confirmed by PCR assay. RESULT:A total of 350 isolates of K. pneumoniae were collected from patients, with 127(36.28%) identified as CRKP. There were 30 (57.69%) isolates obtained from male and 22(42.30%) were obtained from female, while the maximum number of patients belong to the age group <50 years and maximum patients were engaged as Student/Housewife/Retired (44.09%) followed by Clerical/Shopkeeper/Farmer (36.22%) and others. In our study,it was also observed that, in phenotypic test 81.88% were positive for M-CIM while 77.95% were positive for E-CIM and in genotypic test there were 86.61 % positive for NDM-1. CONCLUSION: The study highlighted the existence of carbapenemase-producing K. pneumoniae, particularly in blaNDM-1, in patients with comorbidities. Our findings emphasize the importance of the molecular characterization of resistance-determinant-carrying bacterial pathogens as a part of infection control and prevention in hospital settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Skeletal radiographs along with dental examination are frequently used for age estimation in medicolegal cases where documentary evidence pertaining to age is not available. Wrist and hand radiographs are the most common skeletal radiograph considered for age estimation. Other parts imaged are elbow, shoulder, knee, and hip according to suspected age categories. Age estimation by wrist radiographs is usually done by the Tanner-Whitehouse method where the maturity level of each bone is categorized into stages and a final total score is calculated that is then transformed into the bone age. Careful assessment and interpretation at multiple joints are needed to minimize the error and categorize into age-group. In this article, we aimed to summarize a suitable radiographic examination and interpretation for bone age estimation in living children, adolescents, young adults, and adults for medicolegal purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water bodies play a crucial role in supporting life, maintaining the environment, and preserving the ecology for the people of India. However, in recent decades, human activities have led to various alterations in aquatic environments, resulting in environmental degradation through pollution. The safety of utilizing surface water sources for drinking and other purposes has come under intense scrutiny due to rapid population growth and industrial expansion. Surface water pollution due to micro-plastics (MPs) (plastics < 5 mm in size) is one of the emerging pollutants in metropolitan cities of developing countries because of its utmost resilience and synthetic nature. Recent studies on the surface water bodies (river, pond, Lake etc.) portrait the correlation between the MPs level with different parameters of pollution such as specific conductivity, total phosphate, and biological oxygen demand. Fibers represent the predominant form of MPs discovered in surface water bodies, exhibiting fluctuations across seasons. Consequently, present study prioritizes understanding the adaptation, prevalence, attributes, fluctuations, and spatial dispersion of MPs in both sediment and surface water environments. Furthermore, the study aims to identify existing gaps in the current understanding and underscore opportunities for future investigation. From the present study, it has been reported that, the concentration of MPs in the range of 0.2–45.2 items/L at the Xisha Islands in the south China sea, whereas in India it was found in the range of 96 items/L in water samples and 259 items/kg in sediment samples. This would certainly assist the urban planners in achieving sustainable development goals to mitigate the increasing amount of emergent pollutant load. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to understand the impact of community mobilization initiatives on citizens' health-seeking behavior through the lens of COVID-19 vaccination in the state of Madhya Pradesh, India. This study follows a case study approach to understand community mobilization initiatives that led to increased COVID-19 vaccination uptake. The study delineates the process to increase community mobilization to improve the uptake of COVID-19 vaccination. It highlights the key components of community mobilization that were adopted: the involvement of local leadership (at district, block, and village level), support of vaccination/mobilizer team, the role of in-person communication, involvement of influential community heads and social workers, localized strategies and IEC materials, and support from the state administration. Additionally, the key communication themes that played a crucial role in increasing COVID-19 vaccination coverage are identified. The findings of this study will help the policymakers and practitioners in the domains of Health and Medical Humanities, Health Policy and Services, and Social Sciences to clarify the roles of community mobilization activities and initiatives in increasing vaccination coverage. Furthermore, the study provides evidence for the adaptation, integration, and enhancement of these activities based on the four case studies discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Acacia nilotica var. cupressiformis is an evergreen multipurpose leguminous tree species which is suitable to agroforestry purposes and mainly distributed in Western parts of Rajasthan in India particularly Pali and its adjoining areas. The species has many advantages, however the natural germination in wild is very limited due to its hard seed coat dormancy. Methods: The experiment was conducted to study the effect of presowing treatment on seed coat of A. nilotica var. cupressiformis seeds with ten treatments in completely randomized block design at ICAR-Central Arid Zone Research Institute, Regional Research Station, Pali Marwar. The treatments were replicated thrice. Result: Among the treatments, maximum germination and higher values was obtained in sand paper scarification with water soaking for 12 hrs (T2) followed by mechanical scarification with sand paper (T1), acid scarification (50% for 20 min) (T7) and acid scarification (98% for 10 min) (T5). Further, the present study aims to initiate the research areas for conservation and utilization of A. nilotica var. cupressiformis in Western parts of Rajasthan and other parts of India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Field pea is one of the important cool season grain legume crops cultivated in India. In this investigation, experimental material i.e. eighty germplasm lines of field pea with four checks (IPF 4-9, Adarsh, Ambika and IPFD 10-12) were evaluated to determine the estimates of genetic diversity in the test genotypes. Methods: The data were recorded on thirteen quantitative characters for the study of genetic diversity. The mean data of each characters were subjected to cluster analysis by using D2 Mahalanobis clustering method. The principle component analysis (PCA) for measuring genetic divergence was done by XLSTAT and R 4.0 statistical package. Result: Eighty-four germplasms including checks were categorized into five distinct clusters, indicates the occurrence of high genetic diversity in the evaluated set of germplasm. Between cluster III and IV highest inter-cluster distance was observed, indicates the maximum diversity among genotypes of these clusters. Considerable differences were observed for cluster mean among different distinct clusters for all the thirteen characters. The hybridization programme involving genotypes from cluster III and cluster IV may be used to isolate suitable segregants. Principal component analysis grouped different traits under study into thirteen principal components (PCs) in which only five PCs with eigen value >1 accounted 70.97% of total variation present in genotypes. The traits falling to these five PCs may be given due importance in field pea improvement programmes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The limited representation from developing countries in the original COME TOGETHER survey gave us an impetus to conduct this survey in the Indian subcontinent. Methods: This cross-sectional online survey was conducted from August through September 2022. Participants were health care physicians caring for patients with coma and disorders of consciousness. Fischer's exact test or the Mann–Whitney U-test was used to compare respondents who agreed or disagreed with the preestablished coma definition. Fleiss κ values were calculated to assess agreement among respondents. A p value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: The survey was completed by 130 physicians. We found substantial interrater agreement on absence of wakefulness (71.54%; κ = 0.71), Glasgow Coma Score ≤ 8 (78.46%; κ = 0.78), and failure to respond purposefully to visual, verbal, or tactile stimuli (66.15%; κ = 0.66). Reported common etiologies of coma included traumatic brain injury (50.76%), ischemic stroke (30%), and intracerebral hemorrhage (29.23%). The most common clinical assessment tools used for coma included the Glasgow Coma Score (92.3%) and neurological examination (60.8%). Neurological examination was the most common diagnostic tool used (100%), followed by magnetic resonance imaging (89.2%), basic laboratory studies (88.5%), and head computed tomography/angiography (86.9%). Pharmacological interventions used to stimulate arousal in patients with coma were sedation vacation (91.5%), electrolyte/endocrine correction (65.4%), osmotic therapy with mannitol (60%), hypertonic saline (54.6%), modafinil (46.9%), and antidote for drugs (45.4%). Among the nonpharmacological interventions, sensory stimulation (57.7%) was the most commonly used modality. The most common discharge disposition for comatose patients who survived hospitalization were home with or without services (70.0%). Conclusions: Differences from the global survey were noted regarding the following: traumatic brain injury being the most common etiology of coma in India, more frequent practice of sedation interruption, less frequent use of electroencephalography in India, rare use of pharmacological neurostimulants, and home being the most common discharge disposition in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Physicians' hold pivotal roles in improving non-communicable diseases (NCDs). Studies conducted in India revealed that physicians' feel unprepared to address NCDs risk reduction and provide counseling. We conducted a gap analysis using desk reviews to identify inclusion of NCD risk reduction in medical curricula, and a scoping review to assess knowledge, attitude, perception, and practice related to NCD risk reduction among the undergraduate medical students in India. We also conducted key-informant interviews to understand perceptions among medical students and physicians. We found a lack of knowledge about NCDs and strong interest and perceived need for NCD risk reduction training among both medical students and their teachers. Our findings suggest promoting NCD prevention by physicians and allied health workers in clinical settings can enable the learning environment for medical students to adopt these practices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Vedic literature is the origin of ancient medical science. Brihatrayee are the three main Samhitas which explain the basic fundamentals of Ayurveda. In our classical texts women have been mentioned as Janani. Acharya Charaka and Acharya Sushruta have mentioned Kamala as advanced stage of Panduroga as well as further complication of the said disease respectively. Acharya Vagbhata also mentioned Kamala as an independent disease. Not the mention of Garbhini Kamala as an independent disease in the Samhitas can be found, but the treatment of said entity has been quoted in Kashyapa Samhita. The similarities in the manifesting clinical features on the basis of which Garbhini Kamala can be closely correlated to Intrahepatic cholestasis of Pregnancy. Aim & Objective: The present study is an effort to understand the disease according to Ayurvedic principles & to evaluate the role of safer and cost effective Ayurvedic management modalities in Garbhini Kamala. Materials &Methods: A pregnant female patient aged 25 years, Primigravida with POG of 28weeks 3 days with complaints of vomiting, loss of appetite, general debility visited the OPD of PTSR of RGGPGA college, Paprola. Her lab investigations were adviced to be done and were suggestive of Garbhini Kamala. Darvyadi Leha was administered for 30 days to the pregnant woman followed by 10 days of drug free period. Results: Patient responded to the drug quite well as symptoms as well as lab investigations were found to be improved and no side-effects were recorded. Conclusion: Hence it has been concluded that Darvyadi Leha can be practiced as a line of treatment for Garbhini Kamala which definitely needs further research in large sample to establish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Scientific information on the spatial variability of soil properties is critical for sustainable production and designing appropriate measures for efficient soil–crop management. The growing urban areas in fertile landscapes are a major concern experiencing a huge anthropogenic onslaught and lack of information on spatial variability of soil properties. Therefore, the present study was carried out to delineate the spatial distribution of some selected soil properties from Balh Valley and its catchment area (Suketi basin) in lower Himachal Himalaya, India. A total of 468 geo-referenced surface soil samples were collected and analyzed for soil pH, EC, OC; primary nutrients (N, P, K); secondary nutrients (Ca and Mg); and DTPA-extractable micronutrients (Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu)following standard procedures. The results showed a significant variation in soil pH (acidic to alkaline), EC (0.08–0.70 dS/m), OC (3–26 g/kg), major nutrients N (41.96–208.03 mg/kg), P (5.80–18.75 mg/kg), and K (53.57–163.64 mg/kg). Among micronutrients, Zn was found below the critical limit toward the extreme fringes of the basin. The data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and geostatistical approach. The spatial maps were prepared with ordinary kriging (OK) technique after semivariogram modeling and cross-validation approach. The five principal components (PCs) chosen depicted a moderate correlation between the calculated soil attributes. The two management zones (MZs) were derived by performing the fuzzy c-means clustering analysis based on fuzzy performance index (FPI) and normalized classification entropy (NCE) analysis. The spatial maps represent the distribution of soil properties in the valley and its catchment area. The information generated provides baseline data for site-specific fertilizer recommendations for precision agriculture and minimize downstream adverse environmental impact in the Himalayan ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Groundwater (GW) is a key water resource for domestic and agricultural activities. Industrial activities often affect GW chemistry. Therefore, assessment of GW quality for drinking and irrigation purposes is required to be assessed to ensure its suitability in and around industrial setups. Present study was planned to investigate the GW suitability for domestic and irrigation purposes around Bokaro Industrial Area, Jharkhand, India. Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR), Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), Permeability Index (PI), and percentage sodium (% Na) were evaluated for irrigation purposes, while pH, total hardness (TH), and electrical conductivity (EC), Total dissolve solid (TDS), F−, SO42−, HCO3−, Cl−, NO3−, Na+, K+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ for domestic usage. Results showed wide variation in the physicochemical characteristics as major cations were found in the order: Ca2+ > Mg2+ > Na+ > K+, while major anions were in the order of HCO3−> Cl−> SO42−> NO3−> F−. The range of pH 6.15–7.73 and EC was 230–1676 μS cm−1, while TH, Cl−, HCO3−, SO4−, NO3‐, F−, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, and K+ was varied from 66–743, 3.3–289.9, 61–392, 5.5–148.5, 1.2–61.4, 0.66–4.38, 14.5–170.3, 4.9–80.2, 12.3–102.7, and 0.37–5.7 mg/L, respectively. It was found that GW quality at most of the sites was suitable for irrigation and domestic purpose except at few locations. Further, results revealed that industrial activity has noticeable impact on the groundwater quality but, the overall suitability indicates a potential recharge system for the aquifers in the area which maintains the GW chemistry. Albeit alarming values of some of the GW parameters, namely, pH, total hardness, F−, HCO3−, Cl−, NO3−, Na+, Ca2+, and Mg2+ at some locations require attention to design and execute effective water management plans to avoid possible irrigation and human health risks in future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We used a multidisciplinary approach to assess the role of homegardens (HGs) in ten Indigenous Garo (A'chik) communities in the South Garo district in Meghalaya, Northeast India, that we selected purposively because of their remoteness, low lying area, and the communities' dependence on HGs for their livelihoods. A reconnaissance survey was carried out to understand the area and communicate with the "Nokmas" (village headmen) and VEC (Village Employment Council) for their permission. The final survey was carried out randomly in villages with 10 HGs each from one village of two blocks; 100 (N) respondents were interviewed. Our results indicate that the average size of the HGs is 0.27 ha, with 214 species represented by 78 families and 174 genera with 13 utilization categories. Plant species richness ranged from 07 to 64 individuals with an average assemblage of 16.60 (± 8.66). We recorded five vertical strata: the ground stratum has the highest (82) number of species comprising herbs, vines, and climbers; the second stratum is mainly shrubs (29 species); the third stratum (43 species); and the fourth and fifth strata are predominantly trees. Notably, 78% of HGs had an animal component. From a conservation perspective, HGs include one critically endangered, two endangered, and one vulnerable species. We estimated frequency (ranging between 1 and 75%), density (0.01–103.6), species abundance (1.0-138.13%), and Importance value index IVI (0.19–87.28). The species diversity index (Menhinick's index), the concentration of dominance (Simpson's index), the Shannon-Weaver diversity index, and the species evenness of the HGs were 1.72, 0.45, 2.00, and 0.21, respectively. Significant correlations were observed among HGs age, size, and species richness. Our results serve as a valuable tool for preserving the genetic resources of threatened taxa and promoting the economic well-being of the A'chik community. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Surgical site infection (SSI) is still a common and widespread disease that leads to severe morbidity and death, longer hospital stays, and ultimately higher healthcare costs. P.aeruginosa clinical isolates have been shown to express the virulent gene Exo T, which is significant in the aetiology of infection. The current study aimed to identify the resistance gene Exo T gene in Pseudomonas aeruginosa and to ascertain the prevalence of SSI and associated risk factors among those who had undergone any type of surgical operation. Aim and Objective: To Study the Prevalence, Risk Factors of Surgical Site Infections and the Molecular Characterization of Exo T gene in Drug Resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa patients at a Tertiary Care Centre, India. Material and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted in a hospital setting over the period of 1 year i.e., August 2022 to August 2023 at a Tertiary Care Centre. All surgically treated adult patients of both sexes who were older than 16 years old were included. Patients who received a second surgery at the same location for any reason, patients receiving immunosuppressant medication, people with immunodeficiency diseases, people currently taking antibiotics, and people with infections elsewhere were all disqualified from participating. If there was signs of a wound infection 48 hours after surgery, the patient was diagnosed with SSI. The DNA was extracted using the Qiagen DNA Extraction kit and the resistant gene Exo T was detected using the conventional PCR. Results: In the present study a total of 170 patients underwent different types of surgeries. The prevalence of SSIs during the study period was 8.2%. SSIs were more common in abdominal surgeries with the Males (64.2%) have a higher risk of getting SSI than females (35.7%). Patients who underwent emergency surgery have a higher risk of getting SSI than those who underwent elective surgery. Those with diabetes had a higher risk of getting SSI than those who were nondiabetics. In the present study it was also observed that Klebsiella pneumoniae (28.5%) was the most common isolate followed by E.coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa with 21.4%, S.aureus with 14.25% and least for Staphylococcus epidermitidis and Klebsiella oxytoca with 7.14%. It was observed that the site of the infection most common affected was the superficial site with 57.1%. The Molecular characterization confirms that out of 3 Pseudomonas 2 showed the presence of Exo T gene (66.6%). Conclusion: SSIs were more likely to follow abdominal operations. Patients who were male, in the 30-year-old age range, had emergency surgery, had diabetes, and/or had a protracted hospital stay prior to any kind of surgery were more likely to experience surgical site infections (SSIs). It was also found that the proven role of Exo T virulence genes in the pathogenicity of P. aeruginosa would help in treatment and prognosis of Pseudomonas infections. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Transurethral Resection of the Prostate (TURP) is a gold standard treatment for Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH). The Clavien classification system was proposed in 1992 to grade complications of general surgery, which was then modified in 2004 by Dindo. In 2017, the European Association of Urology (EAU) endorsed its use for reporting complications in urological procedures. However, the system relies on observers to grade complications, and different observers may assign different grades to the same negative outcome, highlighting the need for uniformity. Aim: To assess the inter-observer reliability and uniformity among urologists in reporting complications of TURP using the modified Clavien-Dindo classification system. Materials and Methods: A retrospective observational study was conducted at Department of Urology, Shyam Shah Medical College, Rewa, Madhya Pradesh, India, from January 2018 to May 2023. The study included symptomatic patients with BPH and prostate gland sizes greater than 40 cc. Negative outcomes were evaluated and complications were rated by nine different raters. Inter-observer reliability was tested using weighted kappa with Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 21.0 (Fleiss’s kappa test). Results: A total of 523 men with BPH who underwent TURP were evaluated, with a mean age of 66.7±5.2 years and a mean prostate volume of 62 cc. Adverse events occurred in 96 patients (18.36%), and these complications were classified according to the Clavien-Dindo System (CDS) by nine different blinded observers. The rating of these complications was then assessed for concordance. A concordance rate using weighted kappa of 0.847 was observed, indicating high inter-observer reliability for TURP. Conclusion: Clavien-Dindo’s system demonstrated good interobserver concordance and reliability. Some modifications to the grading system are needed, taking into account the impact of pre-existing co-morbidities and auxiliary procedures. Largescale prospective studies are recommended to further validate these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Burnout is a concept which was born in the mid 1970s in the USA and with astonishing rapidity has become a catch-word to convey an almost unlimited variety of social and personal problems afflicting workers. It describes a specific dysfunction among helping professionals, believed to be the result of excessive demands made upon their energy, strength and resources. Although a clearly agreed upon definition does not exist, burnout is characterized by the inability to be sufficiently concerned about and involved with service recipients. A burnt out worker tends to withdraw emotionally from the demands of the job. Burnout is reflected in emotional exhaustion and apathy, physical fatigue, lack of energy, psychosomatic illness, increased alcohol and drug consumption, cynicism, inappropriate anger, depression and lack of personal achievements. Now, it is observed that teachers are also showing symptoms of burnout, which directly or indirectly affect their teaching performance. Motivated by these reasons the investigators decided to investigate the status of burnout among secondary school teachers and assess its extent in Indian teachers. (Contains 9 tables.)

The present study was conducted to evaluate the arsenic (As) contamination and possible associated health hazards to exposed population in four villages of two districts (Nadia and North 24 Parganas) of West Bengal, India. The study included two villages each from Nadia (Jaguli and Kugacchi) and North 24 Parganas (Chamta and Byaspur) districts. Groundwater, surface water, soil, rice grains and rice-based food samples were collected from these villages. The results revealed the presence of As in high concentrations in groundwater (35.00 to 186.00 µg L−1), surface water (30.00 to 61.00 µg L−1), soil (46.17 to 66.00 mg kg−1), rice grains (0.017 to 1.27 µg g−1) and rice-based food products (0.012 to 0.40 µg g−1). The maximum As levels were recorded in all types of samples collected from Kugacchi village. The rice grain samples included high-yielding and local varieties, and the level of As in high-yielding varieties was found to be higher (0.72 to 1.27 µg g−1) than in local varieties (0.25 to 1.06 µg g−1). The data of As concentrations was used for understanding the hazard quotient (HQ) and incremental lifetime cancer risk (ILCR) to the As-exposed population, and significant non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic risks were revealed considering consumption of rice grains at 400 g per day. The study demonstrates the severity of As contamination in the surveyed villages, which may pose a hindrance to attainment of sustainable development goals (SDGs) by 2030 and proposes the implementation of requisite safety measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate the potential therapeutic effects of Piper chaba (PC) growing in the northern region of India, having differences in the phytochemicals, nutritional content, antimicrobial and antioxidant properties by reducing power assay (RPA), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, phosphomolybdate assay, and antidiabetic potential by α-amylase assay with change in the geographical location. Outcomes of the gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis revealed that phytochemicals such as piperine (46.69%), kusunokinin (8.9%), and sitostenone (7.57%) are the prominent compounds found in PC. The plant has also shown a good nutritional value, i.e., iron (11.25 mg), calcium (147 mg), and vitamin C (9.30 mg) per 100 g. PC has a higher phenolic content than other species (⁓ 13.75 g/100 g plant powder). Among the four tested bacterial strains, the extract is best responsive toward Escherichia coli (35 ± 0.68 mm) which is more than the standard ciprofloxacin (24 ± 0.8 mm). Similarly, among two tested fungal strains, Saccharomyces cerevisiae shows the best zone of inhibition (ZOI) (27.5 ± 0.8 mm), which is greater than tat of standard amphotericin (20.25 ± 0.28 mm). The DDPH method demonstrated the highest antioxidant activity (⁓ 42.61 ± 1.82 µg/ml). IC50 for the antidiabetic potential of PC was found to be 23.09 ± 0.3 µg/ml against α-amylase assay. A molecular docking study revealed that three compounds, piperine, sitostenone and kusunokinin, showed strong binding affinity toward bacterial tyrosyl-tRNA synthetases, fungal dihydrofolate reductase, and α-amylase, respectively. Therefore, the findings of the current study indicate that PC can be considered as a source of food and medicines, either in the form of traditional preparations or as pure active constituents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Interleukin-6 (IL-6), a biomarker of hyperinflammatory immune response, can be used to determine the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients with multi-organ involvement requiring critical care. The aim of our study is to understand the utility of hemodialysis, not only in terms of reducing renal burden, but also improving the outcome by tackling the COVID cytokine storm syndrome. Materials and Methods: In this prospective, observational study, 126 patients admitted to the COVID intensive care unit (ICU) wards were treated with hemodialysis for acute kidney injury (AKI). Patients' routine baseline blood parameters were evaluated. IL-6 was measured predialysis in all patients and on the day of discharge in the patients who survived. Results: Out of total 126 patients, 79 were survivors and 47 were nonsurvivors. Among nonsurvivors, majority were older (P = 0.009). Both the groups had a higher percentage of males (78.72% and 55.69% in survivors and nonsurvivors, respectively). Mean neutrophil lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and D-dimer level were significantly higher in nonsurvivors compared to survivors (P < 0.001). Mean serum urea, creatinine, and IL-6 levels were significantly greater in nonsurvivors (P < 0.001). Mean number of hemodialysis sessions received by survivors was higher. The curve between delta IL-6 and delta serum creatinine for survivors showed a significant positive association (r = 0.819, P < 0.001). Conclusion: Our study establishes IL-6 as a poor outcome predictor in COVID ICU patients with AKI. It also emphasizes the use of hemodialysis as a cost-effective lifesaving therapeutic interventional modality to not only improve the renal outcome, but also curb the cytokine storm by reducing IL-6 levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To observe the correlation of serum Vitamin D levels in male alcoholic individuals. Materials and methods: A total of 54 male individuals, aged between 21 to 70 years with history of alcohol consumption were included.. Analysis of serum vitamin D by Vitros autoanalyser was done. Result: It was observed that maximum number of individuals consumed 15-16 drinks per week. Very few individuals consumed 20 - 21 drinks per week. Vitamin D levels were in sufficient range in participants who consumed 15 - 16 drinks per week. Whereas levels were lowered as the number of drinks consumed were increased. Moderate negative correlation between number of drinks consumed per week and Vitamin D levels which was statistically significant was observed. Conclusion: Our results clearly show that individuals who consume more than 15 drinks per week have insufficient serum Vitamin D levels compared to the normal reference range. This was statistically proven using Karl Pearson's correlation formula, establishing a moderate negative correlation. Therefore, we can conclude that as the number of drinks per week increases, serum Vitamin D values decrease. It is necessary to develop national monitoring systems to track alcohol consumption and its consequences, raising awareness among the public and policymakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Currently, one of most severe environmental problems is the high levels of pollution of many of drinking water bodies in India. The present research is focuses on the relationship between total coliform bacteria levels and the increase of human digestive tract diseases in the highly polluted water in the various drinking water source of Bhopal. Aim of the studied to find out what is the connection between gastrointestinal diseases and water bodies of Bhopal by conducting an online survey with questions related to the topic. This survey was particularly based for the residents in Bhopal where a total of 333 respondents were surveyed. Most of the respondents were aged 18-25 years old. Out of all the respondents, majority were the females. Around 68.5 % respondents were the local residents of Bhopal who have been there in Bhopal for around 1-5 years. A majority of people were from the western part of the Bhopal and were also aware about the gastrointestinal diseases. The results presented here are the first of their kind of this water bodies and will serve as basis for future research exploring other similarly contaminated riparian communities. As the causes of pollution are directly related to the economic development and population growth of the region, further research should be conducted for prevention of diseases, educational programs, water remediation and conservation programs that will have a positive impact on the quality of life of the population presently at risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to evaluate the quality of irrigation water, assess the ion concentration in irrigation water and their source of origin and irrigation water suitability. For this purpose, water samples from surface and groundwater sources were collected and used to analyzed various physico-chemical properties pH, EC, TDS, TH, Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, HCO3−, Cl−, SO42− during pre-monsoon, monsoon, and post-monsoon seasons. Quality of irrigation water was evaluated through SAR, RSC, Na%, KR, MHR, PS, PI, RSBC and also calculated the IWQI for appropriateness of the irrigation water. For the evaluation of hydro-geochemical process Piper, Gibbs, correlations and other bivariate plots were used. The spatio-temporal map was also prepared with the use of IDW method by ArcGIS 10.4 software. The surface water was found with Na+ > Mg2+ > Ca2+ > K+ in pre-monsoon, and Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+ in both monsoon and post-monsoon period and groundwater with cation Na+ > Ca2+ > Mg2+ > K+ in pre-monsoon, Ca2+ > Na+ > Mg2+ > K+ in monsoon and Na+ > Mg2+ > Ca2+ > K+ in post-monsoon season. While, anion was dominated with HCO3− > SO42− > Cl− in both surface and groundwater samples during all seasons. The Ca (Mg)- HCO3−type water was found in the study area which was originated through silicate weathering of rock–water interaction, evaporate dissolution, ion exchange phenomena and secondary contribution from anthropogenic activities. The KR, MHR, Na%, RSC, PS and RSBC were reported to exceed limit in few surface and groundwater samples. However, almost 75% surface water samples and 30% groundwater samples were having more risk to use as irrigation water and observed unsuitable for irrigation use based on IWQI. As, results the present study indicated that the surface water was more contaminated than groundwater which was primarily controlled by geogenic process and also associated with anthropogenic sources under recently weathered soil conditions. Thus, the current study suggests safely use of irrigation water with strategic measure and improve the sustainable agriculture production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mizoram (India) is part of UNESCO's biodiversity hotspots in India that is primarily populated by tribes who engage in shifting agriculture. Hence, the land use land cover (LULC) pattern of the state is frequently changing. We have used Landsat 5 and 8 satellite images to prepare LULC maps from 2000 to 2020 in every 5 years. The atmospherically corrected images were pre-processed for removal of cloud cover and then classified into six classes: waterbodies, farmland, settlement, open forest, dense forest, and bare land. We applied four machine learning (ML) algorithms for classification, namely, random forest (RF), classification and regression tree (CART), minimum distance (MD), and support vector machine (SVM) for the images from 2000 to 2020. With 80% training and 20% testing data, we found that the RF classifier works best with the most accuracy than other classifiers. The average overall accuracy (OA) and Kappa coefficient (KC) from 2000 to 2020 were 84.00% and 0.79 when the RF classifier was used. When using SVM, CART, and MD, the average OA and KC were 78.06%, 0.73; 78.60%, 0.72; and 73.32%, 0.65, respectively. We utilised three methods of topographic correction, namely, C-correction, SCS (sun canopy sensor) correction, and SCS + C correction to reduce the misclassification due to shadow effects. SCS + C correction worked best for this region; hence, we prepared LULC maps on SCS + C corrected satellite image. Hence, we have used RF classifier for LULC preparation demi-decadal from 2000 to 2020. The OA for 2000, 2005, 2010, 2015, and 2020 was found to be 84%, 81%, 81%, 85%, and 89%, respectively, using RF. The dense forest decreased from 2000 to 2020 with an increase in open forest, settlement, and agriculture; nevertheless, when Farmland was low, there was an increase in the barren land. The results were significantly improved with the topographic correction, and misclassification was quite less. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

COALESCE, a collaborative network studying the impacts of carbonaceous aerosols, measured PM2.5 mass and its constituents at several regionally representative sites in India. This study reconciles the reconstructed mass (RCM) from PM2.5 chemical constituents with gravimetric PM2.5 mass measured during 2019 at three COALESCE sites (Bhopal, Mesra, and Mysuru). To evaluate the extent of mass closure, the spatiotemporal variability of organic matter/organic carbon (OM/OC), filter sampling artifacts of OC, nitrate, and aerosol liquid water (ALW) were assessed. The annual loss of total particulate OC from Teflon filters varied across Bhopal (0.46–1.35 μg m−3), Mesra (0.30–0.92 μg m−3), and Mysuru (0.16–0.68 μg m−3). Likewise, the range of nitrate volatilization was 0.7–2.7 μg m−3 at Bhopal, 0.5–2 μg m−3 at Mesra, and 1.3–2.2 μg m−3 at Mysuru. Also, the range of ALW mass was 2.6–6.8 μg m−3 at Bhopal, 3.2–9.5 μg m−3 at Mesra, and 0.8–3.8 μg m−3 at Mysuru. Seasonality was observed in the value of OM/OC with an increase during the pre‐monsoon season at all sites viz., Bhopal (2.20), Mesra (1.61), and Mysuru (2.02) compared to their annual averages, suggesting enhanced contribution of secondary organics to OC. The method developed for estimating RCM in this study resulted in better mass closure compared to using conventional RCM algorithms. Overall, this study provides a robust data validation strategy and India‐specific species coefficients for use in the RCM algorithm. The outcomes of this study can guide regional aerosol sampling, chemical analyses, and model–measurement reconciliation efforts. Plain Language Summary: This work investigates the relationships between surface PM2.5 and its chemical constituents across three locations in India through a mass closure investigation. The study enhances traditional mass reconstruction methodology by accounting for residual aerosol liquid water and volatilization losses of nitrates and organics, as well by using seasonal coefficients in the reconstruction algorithm. The seasonality of the volatilization losses and value of OM/OC provide insights on primary and secondary organic carbon across the sites. The application of seasonal coefficients improved the agreement between the RCM (reconstructed PM mass from chemical species) and PM2.5. Overall, this study provides a better understanding of the relationship between surface PM2.5 and its chemical constituents in India and will help guide sampling and chemical speciation efforts for aerosol mass apportionment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article investigates comparative intersections of gender and family sociology internationally, with a specific focus on urban Germany and urban India. In particular, this research examines a central dynamic that informs family and marriage relations globally, and for this research context, in Germany and India: What are the nuanced ways of conceptualizing changing gender roles in marriage and in family in Germany and India? Bringing together a robust understanding of the theoretical frameworks of Intersectionality and of Mobility as large bodies of scholarship that examine geographic and symbolic power geometries, we adopt the lens of Intersectional Im/Mobilities to explore changing gender roles in family and marriage in Germany and India. We particularly focus on an intersectionality-based analysis of two primary themes that arise out of our primary and secondary data: (1) Women's employment and impact on family life/work–life balance; and (2) Changing gender roles in marriage (through the lens of the division of household labor and aspects of agency and decision making), questions which influence and inflect complex intersectional realities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Predicting the temporal and spatial patterns of South Asian monsoon rainfall within a season is of critical importance due to its impact on agriculture, water availability, and flooding. The monsoon intraseasonal oscillation (MISO) is a robust northwardpropagating mode that determines the active and break phases of the monsoon and much of the regional distribution of rainfall. However, dynamical atmospheric forecast models predict this mode poorly. Data-driven methods for MISO prediction have shown more skill, but only predict the portion of the rainfall corresponding to MISO rather than the full rainfall signal. Here, we combine state-of-the-art ensemble precipitation forecasts from a high-resolution atmospheric model with data-driven forecasts of MISO. The ensemble members of the detailed atmospheric model are projected onto a lower-dimensional subspace corresponding to the MISO dynamics and are then weighted according to their distance from the data-drivenMISOforecast in this subspace. We thereby achieve improvements in rainfall forecasts over India, as well as the broader monsoon region, at 10-to 30-d lead times, an interval that is generally considered to be a predictability gap. The temporal correlation of rainfall forecasts is improved by up to 0.28 in this time range. Our results demonstrate the potential of leveraging the predictability of intraseasonal oscillations to improve extended-range forecasts; more generally, they point toward a future of combining dynamical and data-driven forecasts for Earth system prediction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Professional world nowadays is very competitive, and surviving the cutthroat competition while sustaining work-related stress and pressure is an important task for employees. Professionals are required to meet daily and monthly objectives and may encounter work-related stressors. Purpose: The study aims to explore occupational stress among middle-aged professionals in the age range of 45–60 years from the marketing, banking, and teaching sectors. Methods: A total sample of 180 consented middle-aged professionals in the age range of 45–60 years from the banking, teaching, and marketing sectors were included in the study using a purposive and snowball sampling technique. Professionals having serious medical or psychiatric conditions and undergoing treatment for the same were excluded. The Occupational Stress Index was administered to assess different types of occupational stressors. The statistical analysis was done using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences version 20 software. A descriptive analysis and a one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) were used to get meaningful results. Results: Results revealed that 40% of the middle-aged professionals reported experiencing minimal levels of occupational stress, followed by 32.2% experiencing moderate levels and 27.8% experiencing high levels of occupational stress. Additionally, it was found that a significantly higher percentage (91.6%) of banking professionals reported low levels of occupational stress compared to their counterparts. Eighty percent of marketing professionals reported experiencing high levels of occupational stress, whereas a majority (73.3%) of teaching professionals reported moderate levels of occupational stress. Conclusion: Occupational stress with different severity levels is found to be common among middle-aged professionals, which is a risk factor to develop mental health problems and affects well-being. Large-scale primary and secondary interventions are required to manage stress and facilitate professional growth and development in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: In India, the alarming rise in Road Traffic Accidents (RTAs) is a pressing concern that poses significant threats to public safety and infrastructure. Aims and Objectives: The study was conducted to know the clinico-radiological aspect and associated mortality and morbidity of cases of RTAs caused due to stray animals in central India. Materials and Methods: This current study was a prospective observational study done in the premier institute of central India from April 2023 to July 2023. All RTA patients due to impact with stray animals attending the trauma and neurosurgery department of our institute for 3 months (April 23, 2023-July 30, 2023) were included in the study. Results: A total of 50 patients were recruited for the study. The median age of the patients was 29.00 years (20.00-41.00) (Range). The gender distribution M: F was 38:12. Five (10%) patients reached the T and E within the golden hour (first 1 h). Evening time (42%) was the most common time of accidents (12 PM-6 PM), followed by (6 PM-AM). Analysis of vehicles involved in RTA revealed two-wheelers in 95%, three-wheelers in 3%, and other vehicles in 2% cases. About 34% of total victims were drivers, and 66% were pillion riders or occupants of the vehicle. Conclusion: Our prospective, cross-sectional study aimed to highlight the facts of the increased incidence of RTAs due to stray animals roaming freely on roads, thus adding significant morbidity and costs to society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To study the prevalence of abnormal renal functions among children living with HIV (CLHIV) receiving tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) containing antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods: A prospective, observational study was conducted among CLHIV aged 10 years to 21 years attending the pediatric HIV clinic. We included CLHIV weighing ≥ 30 kg who had been receiving TDF-containing regimens for at least 6 months, with estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) > 60 ml/min/m2 at enrolment and for whom baseline laboratory parameters were available before starting ART. Clinical and laboratory parameters like serum creatinine, serum phosphate, urinary protein and glucose estimation, CD4 count and viral load were noted from records. The mean change in serum creatinine, estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), creatinine clearance, serum phosphate, and presence of urinary glucose and protein by dipstick were assessed at 3- and 12-months follow-up. Results: We enrolled 70 patients with mean (SD) age 14.99 (2.45) years who had been receiving TDF-based ART for a mean (SD) duration of 14.60 (12.80) months. At 3-months and 12-months follow-up, 32.85% and 41.42% patients, respectively, had eGFR below 90 mL/min/1.73m2, while 4.2% and 2.8% patients, respectively, had eGFR between 50–60 mL/min/1.73m2. One patient had creatinine clearance below 50 mL/min/1.73m2. Four patients had hypophosphatemia at the first and last follow-up respectively, and five patients had proteinuria. There was no statistically significant change in CD4 counts, serum potassium, or serum uric acid during study duration. Conclusion: TDF-containing ART regimen is associated with decreased eGFR, creatinine clearance and proteinuria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The cancer registry provides reliable data from the population. In this article, we provide cancer burden and its patterns from the Varanasi district. Methods: The method adopted by the Varanasi cancer registry is community interaction along with regular visits to more than 60 sources to collect data on cancer patients. The cancer registry was established by the Tata Memorial Centre, Mumbai, in 2017 covering 4 million population (57% rural and 43% urban population). Results: The registry has recorded 1,907 incidence cases (1,058 male and 849 female). The age-adjusted incidence rate per 100,000 population in male and female of Varanasi district is 59.2 and 52.1, respectively. One in 15 male and one in 17 female are at risk of developing the disease. Mouth and tongue cancers are the predominant cancers in male, whereas breast, cervix uteri, and gallbladder are the leading cancer sites among the female. In female, cervix uteri cancer is significantly higher (double) in rural areas when compared with urban areas(rate ratio [RR] 0.5, 95% confidence interval [CI; 0.36, 0.72]), whereas in male, mouth cancer is higher in urban areas when compared with rural areas (RR 1.4, 95% CI [1.11, 1.72]). More than 50% of cancer cases in male are due to tobacco consumption. There may be underreporting of the cases. Conclusion: The results of the registry warrant policies and activities related to early detection services for the mouth, cervix uteri, and breast cancers. The Varanasi cancer registry is the foundation for cancer control and will play an important role in the evaluation of the interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]