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India experienced its sixth Nipah virus (NiV) outbreak in September 2023 in the Kozhikode district of Kerala state. The NiV is primarily transmitted by spillover events from infected bats followed by human‐to‐human transmission. The clinical specimens were screened using real‐time RT‐PCR, and positive specimens were further characterized using next‐generation sequencing. We describe here an in‐depth clinical presentation and management of NiV‐confirmed cases and outbreak containment activities. The current outbreak reported a total of six cases with two deaths, with a case fatality ratio of 33.33%. The cases had a mixed presentation of acute respiratory distress syndrome and encephalitis syndrome. Fever was a persistent presentation in all the cases. The Nipah viral RNA was detected in clinical specimens until the post‐onset day of illness (POD) 14, with viral load in the range of 1.7–3.3 × 104 viral RNA copies/mL. The genomic analysis showed that the sequences from the current outbreak clustered into the Indian clade similar to the 2018 and 2019 outbreaks. This study highlights the vigilance of the health system to detect and effectively manage the clustering of cases with clinical presentations similar to NiV, which led to early detection and containment activities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lumpy skin disease (LSD), caused by the lumpy skin disease virus (LSDV), is a global concern that affects cattle and buffalo. Recently, the disease has been reported in new species such as the Indian Gazelle, Camel, Banteng, Gaur, and Giraffe from various parts of the world. This report provides an insight into the occurrence of LSD in Yak from Sikkim, a North-Eastern state of India. During the investigation, both cattle and yak exhibited typical clinical signs of LSD, including skin nodular lesions. The morbidity, mortality, and case fatality rates for cattle were 9.08%, 1.84%, and 20.24%, respectively. Similarly, the morbidity, mortality, and case fatality rates in yak were 7.57%, 1.24%, and 16.33%, respectively. The virus isolation and amplification of LSDV-specific genes confirmed the presence of LSDV in cattle, yak, and vectors. Further, demonstrated antibodies in randomly collected sera from naïve and unvaccinated cattle and yak using indirect Enzyme Linked Immuno-sorbent Assay (iELISA) and Serum Neutralisation test (SNT) from this region. Sequencing and phylogenetic analysis of P32, GPCR, and RPO30 genes revealed that the virus isolated from both species was 100% identical to each other and also closely related to the field LSDV isolates circulating in the Indian subcontinent. The study highlighted the emergence of LSDV in unconventional hosts and underscored the need to include other bovine species in national disease control programs, encompassing disease surveillance initiatives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a profound impact on the world financial markets, with no prior contagious outbreak having such a devastating influence. This study examines the return linkages between key financial assets in the Indian economy as impacted by the coronavirus pandemic. The study found that the USD/INR and NIFTY remained primary sources of shock in both pre-and post-COVID periods. However, post-COVID, there was a decrease in the transmission of shock from 10YBond, implying that the Reserve Bank of India's expansionary monetary policies and injection of liquidity did not lead to increased shock to other financial markets. The results from the TVPVAR reflected tcimplying that connectedness between financial assets varies over time. Portfolio managers and investors should be able to recognize novel investment options that leverage portfolio diversification to maximize risk-adjusted returns. This study contributes to the body of knowledge on spillover and connection by focusing on big data sets spanning the post-financial crisis era to the present pandemic. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study investigates the impact of foreign direct investments on the growth of entrepreneurial activities based on indirect linkages established between foreign affiliates and local micro, small and medium enterprises in India. Since foreign direct investment is not allowed in the micro, small and medium enterprise sector, the study uses an indirect linkage approach to determine the magnitude and direction of the association between foreign capital inflows and the rate of change in entrepreneurial activities. Methodology: For investigation, the researcher used the following variables based on past studies: coefficient of backwards and forward intersectoral linkages, inflows of foreign capital sector-wise, gross domestic products, exports, employment and number of working enterprises registered in the micro, small and medium enterprise sector of India. Data for the present study was derived from the annual report of micro, small and medium enterprises of India, Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion, foreign direct investment fact sheet, Central Statistics Office of India and Asian Development Bank for input–output and supply-use table to estimate the coefficient of forward and backward linkages. Due to limited data availability and irregularity in the maintenance of records of the micro, small and medium enterprise sector, the study's time frame is limited from 2006 to 2017 (due to the unavailability of data of the micro, small and medium enterprise sector). The coefficient of backward and forward linkages is estimated by the Rasmussen method from the input–output table, and to analyse the data, a simple panel linear model is used. Panel corrected the standard error for robust standard error and the Hausman-Taylor instrument variable to check the robustness of the outcome of the linear model and control the diagnostic issue related to the linear model. The result indicated a positive and significant association between foreign direct investment inflows and the growth of entrepreneurial activities, not allowed in the micro, small and medium enterprise sector; the coefficient of forward linkages positively encouraged entrepreneurship, but backward linkage failed to do the same. This result shows the market-seeking motive of foreign affiliates in India and less dependency on local firms for input supply and manufacture of final products and hence discouraging the entrepreneurial activities in the upward vertical sector and sometimes situation of "crowding-out effects". This finding will help policymakers to correct the lacuna and develop policy measures to improve the linkage between foreign affiliates and local firms, especially backward linkages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This empirical exercise explores different aspects of the time‐varying linkage between the commodity and equity markets in India, focusing on base metal futures. The Dynamic Conditional Correlation model (2002) and Diebold–Yilmaz spillover index (2012) are employed to ascertain the presence, pattern, direction, and magnitude of the connectedness between the returns of base metal futures and related equity indices over the period of 2006–2019. The study builds on a less‐studied "input" channel of linkage between the two, reckoning with the economic fundamentals of demand–supply interaction. Our results show that 36% of the return forecast error variance originates from spillovers, to which the contribution of equity indices is minimal. It indicates segmentation between the two markets which offer the scope for potential diversification. Further, base metal futures are the net transmitters and equity indices are the net recipients of spillovers. Positive correlations outweigh the negative correlations, in both frequency and magnitude. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper uses a vector error correction model–multivariate generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity approach to examine the interrelationship between onshore and offshore nondeliverable forward (NDF) markets for the Indian Rupee. The empirical results suggest a stable and bidirectional long‐run relationship between onshore and offshore markets. The subperiod analysis implies that there are unidirectional mean spillovers from NDF markets to onshore spot, forward, and futures markets during the post‐taper tantrum period. Regarding "volatility spillover," the analysis indicates a unidirectional volatility spillover from spot and forward segments to NDF market in normal circumstances, which turns bidirectional during times of depreciation pressure on the rupee. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study aimed to investigate the episodes of per-acute mortality due to peste des petits ruminants (PPR) that resulted in the death of 30 animals of different species of cervids, namely, barking deer, four-horned antelope, hog deer, thamin, and mouse deer in the State Zoo of Assam, a northeastern state of India. The affected animals showed no to limited clinical signs. However, the necropsy and histopathological findings were highly suggestive of PPR virus (PPRV) infection observed in domestic small ruminants. Representative tissue samples were screened for the presence of PPRV along with blue tongue virus (BTV) and epizootic hemorrhagic disease virus (EHDV) using RT-PCR or RT-qPCR and were found to be positive for PPRV. Considering the sudden outbreak of PPR in captive cervids, we sought to determine the role of domestic goats as the potential spillover host. To verify that, archived tissue samples of domestic goats collected during PPRV outbreaks in nearby localities and slaughtered goats used as meat for Carnivorous animals in the State Zoo were also screened and found to be positive for PPRV in RT-PCR. Phylogenetic analysis based on the Nucleocapsid (N) protein gene of PPRV from infected cervids, domestic goats, and goat meat revealed the virus to be of Lineage IV origin. Our findings provide evidence of probable spillover of PPRV from domestic goats to captive endangered cervids and circulation of Lineage IV PPRV strains among the small-ruminant population of this region.

Purpose: Drawing from the work-home resources model and the conservation of resources theory, this study examines the potential of family incivility in instigating burnout and reduced job satisfaction. Design/methodology/approach: This study employed structured questionnaires to collect data from a sample of 290 doctors working in tertiary care hospitals across India. Measurement modeling was done using IBM AMOS 23.0 and PROCESS macro was employed for hypothesis testing. Findings: The study revealed that family incivility has a positive spillover effect on burnout, subsequently leading to lowered levels of job satisfaction. Furthermore, burnout mediated the aforementioned relationship. Research limitations/implications: This study is cross-sectional, and a longitudinal study will help test more rigorously; the causal relationships between the focal variables are recommended. Self-report data pose limitations concerning common method bias. Data collected from different occupations and cultures would help with further generalizability of the results. Practical implications: This study establishes that incivility within the family can negatively affect various vital work outcomes. Accordingly, it is recommended for organizations to support employees to achieve improved work-family integration. Further research should explore various coping strategies that will help with mitigating these spillover effects. Social implications: This study offers a new perspective on the negative effect of family interactions on work-domain outcomes. Originality/value: The paper extends the scholarly literature on stress and work-family interface by demonstrating that family incivility has spillover effects. This is the pioneering study that examines family incivility as a home demand causing long-term severe damages at work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Price discovery and spillover effect are prominent indicators in the commodity futures market to protect the interest of consumers, farmers and to hedge sharp price fluctuations. The purpose of this paper is to investigate empirically the price discovery and volatility spillover in Indian agriculture spot and futures commodity markets. Design/methodology/approach: This study uses Granger causality, vector error correction model (VECM) and exponential generalized autoregressive conditional heteroskedasticity (EGARCH) to examines the price discovery and spillover effects for nine most liquid agricultural commodities in spot and futures markets traded on National Commodity and Derivatives Exchange (NCDEX). Findings: The VECM results show that price discovery exists in all the nine commodities with futures market leading the spot in case of six commodities, namely soybean seed, coriander, turmeric, castor seed, guar seed and chana. Whereas in case of three commodities (cotton seed, rape mustard seed and jeera), price discovery takes place in the spot market. The Granger causality tests indicate that futures markets have stronger ability to predict spot prices. Supporting these, the results from EGARCH volatility test reveal that there exist mutual spillover effects on futures and spot markets. Thus, it could be inferred that futures market is more efficient in price discovery of agricultural commodities in India. Research limitations/implications: These results can help the market participants to benefit by hedging out the uncertainty and the policymakers to design futures contracts to improve the efficiency of the agricultural commodity derivatives market. Practical implications: The findings provide fresh view on lead–lag relationship between future and spot prices using the latest data confirming that futures market indeed is dominant in price discovery. Originality/value: There are very few studies that have explored the efficiency of the agricultural commodity spot and futures markets in India using both price discovery and volatility spillover in a detailed manner, especially at the individual agriculture commodity level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study investigates dynamics of contagion and spillover of volatility amongst stock markets of five economies ; US, UK and Japan and two Asian emerging economies viz. India and China. The period of study is eleven years; January 1, 2009-December 31, 2019 and the data is daily closing prices of their stock market indices. The study makes a distinction between contagion and spillover whereby a shock is considered spillover if its impact is seen with a lag of one period only, while contagion is a residual transmission (Masson, P (1998); Dungey, M and Martin, V L (2007)). The results revealed substantial contagion and information flows from one market to another, be it developed or emerging. Further although US markets still decides the direction of markets, the importance of other markets has increased over the years. Further, US market on its own now appears to look for clues from both developed and emerging markets including India and China. The two emerging markets of Asia, India and China observe a lot of co-movement in returns with spillovers being linked to the developed markets. The study also tested for pre-conditions of stationarity, autocorrelation and heteroscedasticity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Volatility is an important component in risk return analysis of financial assets. It imparts liquidity to the financial system and also serves as an information source for rational decision making. Since the latter half of the 20th century, volatility in stock returns has been found to be time varying and exhibiting patterns and therefore, various models have been developed to capture such dynamic properties of volatility. The introduction of Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (ARCH) models by Engle in 1982 has led to a better understanding of the behaviour of stock market volatility than the traditional measures including standard deviation. The present study attempts to model various aspects including clustering, leverage effect and spillover effect of stock market volatility in Indian and Chinese stock markets during 2001-2016 using daily time-series data with Generalised Autoregressive Conditional Heteroscedasticity (GARCH) models. Volatility has been seen to be highly persistent in both the markets. The T-GARCH model has been applied in order to assess the presence of information asymmetry that bad news impacts volatility more than good news. Our results reveal that both Indian and Chinese stock markets' volatility shows time varying behaviour. The theoretical reasoning of the asymmetric impact of news that bad news affects volatility more than good news has been confirmed in both markets. Furthermore, the spillover effect of volatility across the two markets has been tested using the T-GARCH-X model. The results show unidirectional spillover effect of volatility from Chinese stock market to the Indian stock market. This implies that shocks from Chinese stock market impact conditional volatility in the Indian stock markets only but not vice-versa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose - Foreign firms have certain advantages which may spillover to domestic firms in the form of improvements in total factor productivity (TFP) growth. The purpose of this paper is to empirically observe the presence of TFP spillovers of foreign direct investment (FDI) to domestic firms through analyzing source of TFP growth in Indian drugs and pharmaceutical industry. Design/methodology/approach - This paper examines the sources of TFP spillovers of FDI in Indian drugs and pharmaceutical industry over the period 1999 to 2014. The data of 304 firms has been used for estimation of the growth rates of TFP and its sources under stochastic frontier analyses based Malmquist productivity index framework. For frontier estimation, the Wang and Ho (2010) model has been executed using translog form of production function. Findings - The results show that there exists significant TFP spillover effect from the presence of foreign equity in drugs and pharmaceutical industry of India. The results also show that the major source of TFP fluctuations in the said industry is managerial efficiency that has been significantly affected by FDI spillover variables. In sum, the phenomenon of significant Intra-industry (horizontal) efficiency led productivity spillovers of FDI found valid in case of Indian drugs and pharmaceutical industry. Research limitations/implications - The number of foreign firms is very less to imitate the significant impact of foreign investment on TFP growth of Indian pharmaceutical industry at aggregated level; and the Wang and Ho (2010) model is failing to capture direct impact of FDI on technological change under Malmquist framework. Practical implications - Since, there exists dominance of domestic firms in Indian drugs and pharmaceutical industry, the planners should follow the policy which not only attract FDI but also benefit domestic firms; for example, developing modern infrastructure and institution which will further help domestic firms to absorb spillovers provided by the Multinational Corporations and also accelerate the growth and development of the economy. Social implications - In no case, the foreign firms should dominate the market share otherwise the efficiency spillover effect will be negative and the domestic firms will be destroyed under the self-centric approach of foreign firms protected by the recent patent laws. Originality/value - The study is a unique attempt to discuss the production structure and sources of TFP spillovers of FDI in Indian drugs and pharmaceutical industry with such a wide coverage of 304 firms over a period of 16 years under Wang and Ho (2010) model's framework. The existing studies on TFP spillovers are using either a small sample size of firms or based upon traditional techniques of measuring spillover effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper empirically analyzes spillover effects from foreign direct investment using the firm level panel data of Indian manufacturing during 2000-01 and 2009-10. It first estimates the productivity and efficiency of the domestic and foreign firms separately before examining the spillover effects by using PROWESS dataset. The use of the Cobb-Douglas production function for productivity and stochastic frontier approach for efficiency reveals higher productivity and efficiency of the foreign firms over their domestic counterparts. Similarly, the findings show a significant impact of FDI on output growth. This indicates that any increase in foreign equity at the firm and sector level directly affects productivity. We attempt to find the possible reason for positive spillover effects by analyzing the detail of the present trends and the dataset. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Nexus between income inequality and technology capture is explored in a global CGE model to explore the ricochet effect of technology transmission and its capture. In particular, the model shows that exogenous technology shock from developed North, vehicled via trade, transmits to developing Souths and induces productivity growth. This spillover capture, aided by human capital based adoptive capability, better governance and institution, causes increase in income and welfare and subsequently, leads to decline in income inequality. Dynamism of Southern Engines of Growth – India and China – caused them to emerge as ‘core’ South. Thus, triangular innovation diffusion between dynamic and peripheral South is also simulated to show how the backward or peripheral South could catch up via South–South Cooperation in a declining North–South trends in trade. This accrual of benefits could lead to sustained productivity growth and consequential relief of incidence of poverty in low-income countries. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

The article explores the origin of transborder reputation in the field of intellectual property (IP) and its recognition by the courts of law in India and other countries in 2006. It defines reputation, the distinction between goodwill and reputation, and the concept of transborder or spillover of reputation which originates from the English Courts. It talks about the foreign plaintiff-overseas reputation and foreign plaintiff having no place of business in the country, citing specific cases.