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This study introduces, explores and enlists the challenges of dispute resolution pertaining to data encryption and recommends for a policy framework for systematically addressing the grievances of social media users and intermediaries. Data encryption is essential component of ensuring privacy between the sender and receiver of the message. Any law which asks for the decryption key from the intermediaries to trace the originator of the message requires a deeper understanding of the encryption architecture. It seems that there is a gap in technology and law making pertaining to data encryption which needs to be resolved using a techno-legal framework. The data used in this study stems from an online survey carried out in India by Local Circles. The findings indicate that majority of the Social Media users are in favour of strict regulations. In line with what people think, the intermediary guidelines under the Information Technology Act makes it mandatory for the intermediaries (Social Networking Sites) to comply with the rules. But, there is lack of techno-legal framework to ensure that all disputes pertaining to data encryption and social media regulation will get resolved keeping a balance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In spite of the fact that digital signatures are an essential requirement for the implementation of e-governance solutions in any organization, its use in large-scale Government ICT implementation is negligible in India. In order to understand the reasons for the low-level acceptance of the technology, the authors performed a detailed study of a famous e-governance initiative in India. The outcome of the study revealed that the reasons are related to the challenges concerning the use of cryptographic devices carrying private keys and the complicated process of generating, maintaining, and disposing Digital Signature Certificates (DSCs). A solution for the challenges understood from the case study required the implementation of a certificate-less technology, where private keys should be generated as and when required rather than storing them on cryptographic devices. Although many solutions exist that provide certificate-less technology, there have been no practical implementations to date for the use of biometrics in implementing the solution. This paper presents the first realistic architecture to implement identity-based cryptography with biometrics using the RSA algorithm. The solution presented in the paper is capable of providing a certificate-less digital signature technology to the users where public and private keys are generated on-the-fly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]