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Interleukin (IL)-34 has recently been identified as an alternative ligand for colonystimulating factor-1 receptor and plays an important role in osteoclastogenesis. The aim of this study was to assess and compare IL-34 levels in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and plasma in obese individuals in the presence or absence of periodontal disease and to determine whether they showed a correlation with disease severity. Forty patients aged between 25 and 40 yr were enrolled and categorized into 4 groups: 10 non-obese patients with healthy periodontium (Group I); 10 obese patients with healthy periodontium (Group II); 10 non-obese patients with chronic periodontitis (Group III); and 10 obese patients with chronic periodontitis (Group IV). Demographic variables such as age and body mass index score were recorded and assessed, together with clinical periodontal parameters such as the gingival index, probing pocket depth, and clinical attachment level scores in all groups. The GCF and plasma levels of IL-34 were quantified using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The results showed that the mean IL-34 concentrations in GCF or plasma were highest in Group IV, followed by Group III, Group II, and Group I, with the difference among them being statistically significant (p<0.05). These results suggest that obese individuals with periodontitis have higher GCF and plasma IL-34 levels than non-obese individuals with healthy periodontium. This suggests IL-34 as a potential inflammatory marker of periodontal disease and obesity.

Aim: To evaluate the frequency of periodontal disease in a group of patients with type 1 diabetes mellitus and its relationship with diabetic metabolic control, duration and complications., Materials and Methods: A comparison was made of periodontal parameters (plaque index, bleeding index, pocket depth and attachment loss) in a group of diabetic patients versus a group of non-diabetics (n=20). Statistical analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between periodontal parameters and degree of metabolic control, the duration of the disease and the appearance of complications., Results: Diabetics had greater bleeding index (p<0.001), probing pocket depth (p<0.001) and clinical attachment level (p=0.001). Patients diagnosed for diabetes for shorter duration of time (4-7 years) showed bleeding index-disease severity correlation to be 1.760 ± 0.434., Conclusion: Patients with type 1 diabetes have increased periodontal disease susceptibility. Periodontal inflammation is greatly increased in subjects with longer disease course, poor metabolic control and diabetic complications., (Copyright © 2013 Diabetes India. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.)

Objectives: The aim of the present study was to investigate the possible association between periodontal health and acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in a case-control design., Materials and Methods: A total of 500 patients, 250 with AMI and 250 with coronary heart disease (CHD) were included in this study. The patients in the AMI group were admitted in the department of Medicine, Goa Medical College and Hospital, Bambolim-Goa because of AMI. The patients in the CHD group had no documented history of recent acute coronary events. Medical history was taken and data on serum lipid values, decayed teeth, missing teeth, filled teeth, probing depth (PD), simplified oral hygiene index (OHI-S) and bleeding on probing (BOP) were recorded. Sample proportions were compared by Pearson's chi-square test and quantitative variables with Student's t-test. The relation of clinical parameters and conventional risk factors with AMI was assessed with multivariate logistic regression analysis., Results: All the serum lipids and dental parameters were statistically different between AMI and CHD groups (p <0.05). Logistic regression analysis showed that serum lipids, number of decayed teeth, mean PD, percentage of sites with BOP, and oral hygiene were significantly associated with AMI (p <0.05)., Conclusion: The results of this study indicate that periodontal disease may be associated with AMI. We propose that prospective randomised studies are needed to determine whether periodontal disease is a risk factor in the occurrence of AMI.