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The experiment was conducted during the month of February and March, 2023 at Livestock Research Station, Kamdhenu University, Sardarkrushinagar, Gujarat, India to evaluate the effect of dietary addition of fennel (Foeniculum vulgare) seed on growth performance, haemato-biochemical profile and faecal microbiota of Kankrej calves. Eighteen Kankrej calves were randomly divided into three treatment groups, viz. Basal diet (control), Basal diet+5 g animal-1 day-1 of fennel seed powder supplementation and Basal diet+10 g animal-1 day-1 of fennel seed powder supplementation for a period of 60 days. Results revealed that there was numerically higher body weight gains were observed in groups fed 5 and 10 g of fennel seed daily than the control, the difference was statistically not significant (p>0.05) among the treatment groups. The mean faecal counts (log10 cfu g-1 in fresh faeces) of lactobacillus were increased, while coliform were reduced in groups fed 5 and 10 g of fennel seed daily as compared to control group. There was no effect (p>0.05) on the haemoglobin, haematocrit, total erythrocytes count and total leucocytes count among the treatment groups. No difference (p>0.05) was found in serum levels of total proteins, albumin, globulin, urea, triglycerides, cholesterol, ALT and AST concentrations among the treatment groups. It may be concluded that dietary fennel seed powder supplementation in calves improved growth performance and had beneficial effect on faecal microbiota with higher faecal lactobacillus count and lower faecal coliform count. Fennel seed supplementation did not affect haemato-biochemical profile of calves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the findings of a study on the resistance of different genotypes/varieties of greengram to the spotted pod borer, Maruca vitrata. The study categorized the genotypes/varieties based on larval population and pod damage, and found that four of them were resistant to M. vitrata. The study also measured grain yield and found that one genotype, VSGG 9, had the highest yield. The authors suggest that screening for resistance is an effective way to identify resistant genotypes/varieties. The article provides valuable information on the challenges posed by insect pests to greengram cultivation in India. [Extracted from the article]

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Iron, an essential micronutrient, significantly contributes to growth, immune health, and cognitive development in human health. Inadequate dietary iron intake leads to iron deficiency anemia, affecting nearly 1.6 billion people, especially pregnant women and preschool children. Biofortification and fortification of iron in wheat is an acceptable and cost-effective strategy to alleviate iron deficiencies. This study aims to address iron deficiencies through the strategy of fortification and biofortification of wheat varieties. The study places specific emphasis on the proximate composition and iron/mineral content of different wheat varieties. To achieve these objectives, different spectrometric methods were employed to analyze the wheat samples. METHODS: Proximate and mineral quantification were carried out following standard Association of Official Analytical Chemists methods using ultraviolet-visible spectrophotometry, atomic absorption spectrometry, inductive coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy, and prediction was carried out using near-infrared spectra combined with chemometrics. FINDINGS: The samples had moisture content (1.1 - 4.5 percent), protein (18.0 - 22.6 percent), fat (0.3 - 0.6 percent), gluten (6.3 - 10.3 percent), fiber (0.3 - 1.4 percent), alcoholic acidity (0.04 - 0.08 percent), ash (0.9 - 1.7 percent), and carbohydrate (71.1 - 75.2 percent). Iron was determined and compared by spectrophotometric methods. Iron concentration ranged from (0.7 to 6.3 milligrams/100 grams) in ultraviolet-visible analysis, (0.7 to 6.74 milligrams/100 grams) in atomic absorption spectrometry, and (0.81 to 6.8 milligrams/100 grams) in inductive coupled plasma-mass spectroscopy. The obtained results were compared with the standard "Food Composition and Food Safety Standard Authority of India" and predicted using nearinfrared spectra combined with chemometrics. CONCLUSION: The work aims to investigate the nutritional content of various wheat varieties, particularly focusing on iron content, which could potentially have implications for improving dietary strategies and addressing nutritional deficiencies. The biofortified varieties (HI-8663 and HI-1605) were found to have high iron content when compared to normal wheat. The acquired results bridge the intricate relationship between plant-based diets, micronutrient deficiencies, providing valuable insights into combating iron deficiencies in public health with the potential achievement of improved nutritional understanding, optimized wheat selection, advanced analytical techniques, education, awareness, and iron deficiency mitigation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wheat is the important cereal and is highest produced grain in the world after corn and rice. It is the second most important crop in India next to rice. Like several crops, wheat is also prone to diseases. Among various diseases, wheat stem rust is the main biotic constraint to wheat production and it is important to understand and analyze the disease in terms of pathological responses. Out of six cultivars tested, three wheat varieties showed a resistance response, while the other three varieties showed a susceptible response against stem rust of wheat. Disease severity and area under disease progressive curve (AUDPC) data of three susceptible varieties revealed that the highest AUDPC value (1785.93) was recorded in A-9-30-1 which showed the most susceptible response followed by Agra Local (1762.93) and Kharachia (1645.90). There was no development of stem rust symptoms on three varieties viz., GDW 1255, GW 496 and GW 451. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The World Health Organization (WHO) has named tobacco one of the greatest public health threats of the twenty-first century. Tobacco smoking is an escalating public health problem especially in a developing country like India. Material and methods: This is a Case control study was carried out in Department of Biochemistry on 159 cases(smokers) 159 controls(non-smokers) patients those fulfilling inclusion / exclusion criteria and attended the outpatient and in patients Department of Medicine. A Comparative case-control study with 159 chronic smokers and 159 non-smokers is undertaken to study the changes in lipid profile and fibrinogen levels in chronic smokers. Results: The mean serum triglycerides levels in non-smokers and smokers were 130.68±19.54 and 300.93±63.51 respectively. There is a significant raise in triglycerides in smokers with p value <0.001 The mean LDL-C and VLDL-C values in non-smokers were 83.74±14.73 mg/dl and 26.03±4.04 mg/dl respectively. But these values were significantly higher in smokers (LDL-C=149.74±17.68 mg/dl, VLDL-C =61.72±13.32 mg/dl) as compared to those of non-smokers. The mean HDL-C in non-smokers was 52.00±6.26 and 43.94±2.28 in smokers respectively (p value <0.001) This finding is similar to that of Rosenson 67 who reported that there is fall in HDL-C level by 3-5 mg/dl in smokers. Bai-Mei-He 68 Cigarette smoking is associated with reduced HDL cholesterol levels. Conclusion: Our study showed an increase in the lipid parameters and fibrinogen levels with significant p values when compared between smokers and non smokers. Also showed significant rise in the lipid parameters and fibrinogen levels in heavy smokers compared with moderate smokers and light smokers, with the exception of HDL cholesterol which is decreased in all smokers compared to controls. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The investigation on biology and morphometrics of Bactrocera zonata (Saunders) was undertaken at the Department of Entomology, Navsari Agricultural University, Navsari, Gujarat, India during 2021-22. The eggs were smooth, white, shiny, translucent, rice grain shaped, slightly curved, elongated and tapered at the anterior end but broadly rounded at the posterior end. The hatching percentage was 82.63±6.94%. The incubation, maggot, pre-puparial, puparial, pre-oviposition, oviposition and post-oviposition periods were 2.40±0.48, 7.20±1.51, 0.77±0.11, 8.10±1.02, 12.3±1.13, 13.30±2.45 and 5.10±0.72 days, respectively. The morphometric measurements of egg, maggot, pre-puparia, puparia, adult male and female were also studied along with duration of different life stages. The pupationtook place at depth of 0.50 to 6.00 cm in moist soil. The sex ratio of male: female was 1:1.20. The fecundity of gravid female was 176±31.8 eggs/female. The total life cycle was completed in 22.00 to 36.00 days on mango. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Worldwide dissemination of extended-spectrum -lactamase (ESBL)-producing Escherichia coli constitutes an emerging global health issue, with animal food products contributing as potential reservoirs. ESBL E. coli infection is associated with the high mortality and mobility rate in developing countries due to less susceptibility to antibiotics. The present study aimed to elucidate the molecular characteristics and sequence-based analysis of ESBL E. coli in the Gujarat state of India. This study included 108 E. coli strains were isolated from different poultry farms (broiler and layer) in the Banaskantha District. PCR was employed to identify genotypic ESBL-producing antimicrobial resistance genes. Overall, a high occurrence of ESBL genes was found in poultry farms due to the high usage of antimicrobials. The PCR analysis revealed that 79.62% of isolates were detected positive with one or more ESBL genes. Among them, blaTEM (63.88%) was found to be the predominant genotype, followed by blaSHV (30.55%) and blaOXA (28.70%). In the blaCTX-M group, a higher occurrence was observed in blaCTX-M-9 (23.14%), followed by blaCTX-M-2 (24.07%) and blaCTX-M-1 (22.22%). We used the whole-genome sequencing (WGS) method to evaluate the antimicrobial resistance genes, virulence factors, single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), plasmid replicons, and plasmid-mediated AMR genes of one ESBL E. coli isolated. We examined the genetic relatedness of a human pathogenic E. coli strain by comparing its sequence with the broad geographical reference E. coli sequences. Escherichia coli ST 681 was determined using multi-locus sequence typing. We compared our findings to the reference sequence of Escherichia coli str. K- 12 substr. MG1655. We found 24,937 SNPs with 21,792 in the genic region, 3,145 in the intergenic region, and six InDels across the genome. The WGS analysis revealed 46 antimicrobial resistance genes and seven plasmid-mediated AMR genes viz., tetA, qnrS1, dfrA14, sul2, aph(3")-lb, aph(6)-ld, and Aph(3')-la. The ST 681 was found to have Cib, traT, and terC virulence factors and two plasmid replicons, IncFII(pHN7A8) and IncI1-I(Alpha). This study revealed a higher occurrence of ESBL E. coli detected in poultry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Drought stress is one of the foremost severe abiotic stresses responsible for drastic reduction in wheat production under arid and semi-arid environments. Breeding for drought tolerance is very confounded by an inability to create defined, precise and repeatable stress conditions and inadequacy of an efficient, reproducible screening technique. Therefore, the present investigation was laid out to screening of twenty advance wheat lines for drought stress in RBD with two replications under Irrigated) and drought conditions during rabi, 2019-20 at Wheat Research Station, Sardarkrushinagar Dantiwada Agricultural University, Vijapur, India. Phenotyping was performed for 11 morphological and four physiological traits distinctively. The analysis of variance revealed that component of variance for genotypes was significant for all traits, revealed the presence of enough genetic variability in the material under studied. Based on per se performance revealed that genotypes GW 511, VL 967, GW 11 and GW 512 produced higher grain yield compared to other genotypes in both irrigated and drought conditions. Genotype DBW-154 followed by GW-510 and GW-506 recorded lowest value of drought susceptible index (DSI) and highest value of drought tolerance efficiency (DTE), indicating potentiality to produce with minor yield losses under drought conditions in comparison to normal conditions. Grain yield and its related traits viz., grains per spike, 1000 grain weight and grain weight per spike exhibited moderate to high heritability and expected genetic advance as percent of mean under both stress and non stress condition and these traits could be considered as suitable selection criteria for the development of high yielding bread wheat varieties. Under irrigated condition grain yield showed strong positive association with tillers, 1000 grain weight and biomass yield, similarly in drought condition biomass yield showed strong correlation with grain yield, followed by NDVI II, grain weight/spike, 1000 grain weight, tillers and grains/spike. Under stress CT-II was negatively correlated with GW/SPK (-0.631), biomass yield (-0.611), grain yield (-0.423) and 1000 grain weight (-0.345), indicating genotypes has canopy cooling ability to produced higher grain yield, biomass, TGW and GW/SPK under drought stress. So, these traits should be consideration while selection under drought stress and select the drought tolerance genotypes with superior performance, this can be potentially used in future for improvement of bread wheat yield and yield related traits against the drought. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The halotolerant phosphate-solubilizing fungus Penicillium sp. NAUSF2 was isolated from rhizospheric soil in coastal regions of South Gujarat, India, and identified on the basis of morphological characteristics and internal transcribed spacer gene sequence (ITS1 and ITS4). The isolate solubilized rock phosphate up to 843 µM. There was drop in pH with the secretion of gluconate (31.7 mM) and oxalate (3.2 mM) mediated by the high glucose oxidase and oxaloacetate acetylhydrolase activities, respectively. This fungus also demonstrated plant growth-promoting activities such as indole-3-acetic acid (127.82 g/L) and siderophore production. Inoculation of Penicillium sp. NAUSF2 to Vigna radiata (mung bean) significantly increased plant P uptake and growth parameters. It showed reduced disease severity index due to increased levels of antioxidative enzymes and jasmonic acid when treated with the leaf spot pathogen Xanthomonas axonopodis pv. V. radiata. These results suggest the potential of Penicillium sp. NAUSF2 as a biotechnological tool to help plants to cope up with stress in saline soils and broaden the spectrum of phosphate solubilizers available for field application. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India is predominantly a rural country, where more than two-thirds of the population live in rural areas. The majority of the rural population use crop residue, firewood, and dung cake as cooking fuel sources. Combustion of these fuels emits life-threatening pollutants that contaminate the household environment, which can have serious health consequences, especially for young children. This study examines the use of cooking fuel sources and their association with acute respiratory infections (ARIs) in children aged 0–59 months. This study used data from the second update of the Annual Health Survey (2012–13). The prevalence rate was measured in terms of the number of children per 1000 children suffering from ARIs. Bivariate analysis was used to analyze the use of different cooking fuels (in percentage) and the prevalence of ARIs in Uttar Pradesh. District-level variations in the cooking fuels used were assessed by simple bivariate analysis for all districts of Uttar Pradesh. A logistic regression was used to examine the association of household environment and pollutants with ARIs. In total, 89 per 1000 children suffered from ARIs in Uttar Pradesh. Infants (0–11 months) were significantly more likely to suffer from ARIs than older children (12–59 months). Households using dung cake for cooking and kerosene and other oils for lighting were found to have significantly higher odds for ARIs (odds ratio [OR]: 1.21; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.17–1.25 and OR: 1.07; 95% CI: 1.05–1.10, respectively). A considerable interdistrict difference was observed in the cooking fuel used and the prevalence of ARIs among children aged 0–59 months. The type of cooking fuel and lighting source used were found to be significant predictors of ARIs among children aged 0–59 months. These results highlight the need for targeted efforts for the provision of clean cooking fuels (liquid petroleum gas/biogas/electricity) and for the improvement in knowledge and awareness of ARIs and exposure to cooking and lighting pollution. • 37.6% of households use dung cake as a cooking fuel and only 13.5% use clean fuels. • Interdistrict differences in cooking fuel sources and prevalence of acute respiratory infections (ARIs) are significant. • Type of cooking fuel and lighting source were found to be significant predictors of ARI. • This study helps to understand the prevalence of ARI and their determinants. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Influenza A (H1N1) virus has caused serious respiratory illness (swine flu) and death over the years. The first confirmed case of swine flu H1N1 in India was documented in May 2009, but huge numbers of cases were reported thereafter. In 2015, swine flu outbreak in India had led to significant morbidity and mortality. Objective: to study details of swine flu patients admitted in a rural tertiary care center in western India in 2015 and to identify predictors of mortality. Methodology: Retrospective data of swine flu cases admitted at a tertiary care teaching hospital in 2015 and their outcome as either cured or expired was recorded. Result: Out of 65 confirmed cases of severe swine flu that required hospitalization, 40(61%) were male. 55 of 65 (84.61%) patients [mean (SD) age: 50(15)] were cured while 10 patients [mean (SD) age 51(15)] expired. Overall mean (SD) age was 50.23(15) years with average (SD) days of hospitalization were 6.32(3.3) days. The commonest symptoms were cough (100%) followed by throat pain (96.9%), common-cold, fever (93.8%), and breathlessness (83.1%). 40% of patients needed non invasive ventilator support while 16.9% patient required invasive ventilator. Mean temperature on presentation was (99.96`F), RR (25.89/min), SpO2 on room air was 82.06%. Average White Blood Cells were 8274/mm3 with neutrophils were 79.58%. Mean procalcitonin was 0.83 ng/ml. It was found through univariate analysis that sputum production (P = 0.013), chest pain (P = 0.04), Respiratory Rate (P = 0.013), SpO2 on presentation at room air (P = 0.001), Days of non invasive ventilator (P = 0.001), intubation and invasive ventilator (P = 0.001) were statistically significantly associated with outcome but through multivariate analysis it was revealed that only requirement of intubation (invasive ventilator) was significantly predicting mortality(Odds ratio=234) (P = 0.0001). Conclusion: Requirement of intubation was associated with poor outcome. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study was undertaken at Regional Research and Technology Transfer Station, Chiplima, Sambalpur, Odisha on rice var. khandagiri during summer season of 2011, 2012 and 2013 in split plot design with three irrigation schedule (main plots) and three date of transplanting (sub plots). Experimental results indicated that the irrigation schedules at one day after disappearance of ponded water (DPW) recorded the highest grain yield of 3.07 t ha-1 which was at par with irrigation schedule at 2-days after DPW. Both the irrigation schedules were significantly superior over 3-days after DPW. The date of transplanting on 15th January produced highest grain yield (3.11t ha-1) which was significantly superior to other transplanting date on 30th January and 15th February. Highest water use efficiency was observed with irrigation schedule at 3-days after DPW (43.7 kg ha-cm-1) and transplanting on 15th January(43.2 kg ha-cm-1). The treatment that received irrigation schedule at 1-day after DPW registered the highest dry matter heat use efficiency (3.62 kg ha-10C day-1) and grain yield heat use efficiency(1.84 kg ha-10C day-1).The transplanting on 15th January produced highest dry matter heat use efficiency(3.83 kg ha-10C day-1) and grain yield heat use efficiency(2.05 kg ha-10C day-1) which was significantly superior to other transplanting dates of 30th January and 15th February. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The spectral indices such as NDVI and RVI were calculated by using spectral signatures obtained through spectro-photosensor. The mean NDVI and RVI values were 0.71 and 6.46, respectively. Wide variation in the NDVI and RVI values were observed across the farmers' fields revealing that crop was exposed to varied levels of nutrient deficiency. The SPAD (Indicator of chlorophyll activity) readings ranged between 25.8 and 46.8. The SPAD and the index leaf N, P, K, Ca and Fe content had positive and strong relation with both NDVI and RVI. However, NDVI registered stronger relation than RVI. Co-efficient of determination (R2) value of the multiple regressions between NDVI and index leaf nutrient content was 0.52. The mean N, P, K, Ca and S content in the index leaf were 3.9, 0.43, 3.45, 1.77 and 0.43 per cent, respectively. Similarly, Zn, Fe, Mn and Cu content in the crop index leaf tissue were 21.9, 40.6, 53.2 and 19.3 mg kg-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

CERES-Wheat model (DSSAT v 4.5.0.0) was used to analyze the effects of rise in intra-seasonal temperature on productivity of wheat and to optimize sowing time for mitigating the effects of rise in intraseasonal temperature at seven wheat growing locations representing different zones of India. The results showed that the temperature rise had differential effect on wheat yield in different zones and also with dates of sowing. Central zone(Udaipur and Raipur) was the most susceptible (yield reduced upto 10.2%) to the rise in temperature by 3.0°C from normal. The Northern hills (Palampur) zone was least susceptible. At Palampur, wheat yield increased upto 4.07% with rise in temperature by 3.0°C from normal during early phases of crop growth while during later phases of crop growth the yield decrease was 3.46-5.79%. The temperature during first fortnight of February was most critical to wheat productivity. However in Northern hills zone, second fortnight of March was most critical as during this period the above normal temperature caused a reduction in productivity of wheat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill.) family Solanaceae is the most popular and widely grown vegetable crop in India and throughout the world and having highly nutritious and medicinal value. Tomato crop and yield suffers from number of fungal diseases and shows correlation ship with airborne fungal spores and meteorological parameters; like mean temperature, relative humidity and average rainfall. The present investigation is done over Tomato field by using Rotorod air sampler (Tilak 1987) during Kharif season in Nashik, India. Weather conditions play an important role in seasonal development of many plant diseases. The present studies reveals the high concentration of air born pathogenic fungal spores were responsible in diseases incidence in Tomato crop. Some of them are Early blight (Alternaria solani), Late blight (Phytophthora species), Fusarium stem rot (Fusarium species) and showed more or less severity during the entire period of investigations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Buffaloes are established seasonal breeders in India, while cattle show perennial breeding and calving pattern, however no comparative studies are yet available in the literature. Hence, Calving records of 12,816 graded Murrah buffaloes; 1,022 indigenous cattle and 10,264 crossbred cattle of 30 villages covered under Productivity Enhancement Programme (PEP) of Kheda and Anand districts of middle Gujarat attended over three years period were used to study and compare their calving pattern. The year was divided into four seasons, viz, summer (Mar to May), rainy/monsoon (Jun to Aug), autumn (Sept to Nov) and winter (Dec to Feb). The month and season had significant effect on calving pattern only in buffaloes. The highest calving frequency was noted in the month of October (17.24%) for buffaloes, in December for indigenous cattle (10.27%) and in January for crossbred (9.51%) cattle. The lowest calving were recorded for buffaloes in March (2.54%), and for indigenous (7.34%) and crossbred (7.08%) cattle in June. The highest calving frequency in buffaloes was observed during autumn season (45.91%), followed by winter (25.00%), rainy (20.50%) and summer (8.57%) seasons. However, no such distinct seasonality of calving was found in indigenous and crossbred cattle of the same region, although the highest calving frequency was recorded for indigenous cattle during winter (27.98%) and in crossbreds during autumn (26.66%), and the lowest percentages of calving were during the rainy season in both crossbreds (22.33%) and indigenous (23.68%) cattle. Seasonality of calving index (CI = ratio of number of calving in month with fewest calving and number of calving in month with most calving) was 85.29, 28.57 and 25.51 in buffaloes, indigenous and crossbred cattle, respectively. The results revealed that seasonality of calving is more pronounced in buffaloes than in indigenous and crossbred cattle of middle Gujarat. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study was to analyze anatomy of the celiac trunk through its diameter, length, and variation of its branches. We studied 40 cadavers (25 males and 15 females) in the various colleges in the west India for the variation in the celiac trunk. Dissection of the celiac trunk was performed after opening of the peritoneal cavity. The length of the celiac trunk up to the common hepatic artery was observed. Diameter of the celiac trunk and distance between the celiac trunk and the superior mesenteric artery were observed. We found cases of rare vascular variation in the branching pattern and the common hepatic artery, which arises from the superior mesenteric artery and there is abnormal relation between the common hepatic artery portal vein and the bile duct. In a case we have observed that the superior mesenteric artery gives acute angulations downward on the right side. This type of study of celiac trunk and presence of variation in hepatic arteries will allow the surgeon to practice safe laparoscopic cholecystectomy, liver resections, or vascular recombination in transplantation and, thereby, avoid errors and patient morbidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Hb SD-Punjab (Hb SD) is a less common form of sickle cell disease ( SCD) and discrimination between Hb SD and Hb SS is not possible on alkaline electrophoresis because the two variants overlap in the compound heterozygous state. There are only a few publications consisting mostly of case reports. Thus, the phenotypic expression of Hb SD and its modifiers has not been studied. Methods We studied the phenotypic expression of 42 cases of Hb SD (the largest number of subjects ever included in this kind of study) and compared them with 84 Hb SS cases matched for age, sex, and caste. Further, we evaluated the influence of HbF concentration and alpha thalassemia on the phenotypic expressions of Hb SD, namely the frequency of VOC and degree of hemolysis. Results The frequencies of VOC were similar in both the groups. The markers of hemolysis such as total bilirubin, unconjugated bilirubin, and LDH were higher where as HbF concentration was significantly low in HbSD. There was a negative correlation between HbF concentration and risk of VOC in the HbSD. The total hemoglobin level and hematocrit were significantly high, and the MCV and MCH were significantly low in HbSD with alpha thalassemia. Alpha thalassemia had no influence on the frequency of VOC and severity of hemolysis in HbSD. Conclusion HbF reduced the frequency of VOC but had no influence on the hemolytic markers in HbSD. HbSD with alpha thalassemia was associated with hypohromic and microcytic features of red blood cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to develop a new model, namely service quality measurement for E_Electricity utility service in Odisha a state of India for the measurement of service quality. Design/methodology/approach – Service quality regulation is an important and timely issue in many industries. The question of governance of power sector is an important question before researchers, policy makers and administrators for the obvious reason of its being an important input for socio-economic development of a nation. Power sector involves complex activities like generation, transmission, distribution and final delivery of service to end-users, i.e. consumers. Initially, private sector was the main player in the power sector when the electricity came to be used in India during the pre-independence period. The trajectory of power industry, from its inception to the present, has been complex rather than being simplistic for the reason that the pendulum of industry's ownership and regulation swings between privatization and nationalization. The consumers are main sufferer in this type of situation, and the satisfaction level decreases day by day. So government has changed it's strategies by implementing e-governance to electricity sector for achieving maximum consumer satisfaction. The first step to e-governance is change management within the government, enhancing citizens' access to information and improving government-to-citizen (G2C) interactions. This work seeks to propose a theoretical scale to measure e-government service quality and validate the measured instrument for electricity utility service by structural equation modeling. Findings – The results indicate that basically the E_electricity service has a positive and direct influence on dimensions (web site design, fulfillment, privatisation and information). Research limitations/implications – Only Odisha state is considered for measuring online service quality in electricity utility service. Originality/value – As the electricity utility industry is doing monopoly business in India and all states basically in Odisha due to that the customer dissatisfaction is the most important obstacle. So the policy makers must concentrate on the dimensions and the sub-dimension before regulating new policies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Hb Hofu ( HBB:c. 380T>A) is a rare inherited hemoglobin abnormality with few case reports in the world literature. Methods Screening for the sickle cell gene mutation and other hemoglobinopathies was carried out using the sickle slide test, Hb electrophoresis, and HPLC under an ongoing central government project. Results We detected twelve Hb Hofu heterozygotes and three sickle Hb Hofu compound heterozygotes. The heterozygotes were asymptomatic except for one individual who had chronic kidney disease and moderate anemia. Only one Hb S- Hofu case was symptomatic and presented with intermittent attacks of painful crisis. In the carrier state, the Hb Hofu eluted as a hump at the beginning of the Hb A0 window. But in Hb S- Hofu cases, Hb Hofu eluted as a single peak in the Hb A0 window, with the Hb A2 levels being >4% consistently. Conclusion Hb S- Hofu has a variable clinical presentation. The retention time of Hb Hofu on HPLC is very close to that of Hb A0 and often elutes in the A0 window. Thus, there is every possibility of the Hb S- Hofu chromatogram to be misinterpreted as that of a sickle cell trait/transfused sickle cell-beta-thalassemia case. This is the first time where Hb Hofu has been detected by HPLC, which is the widely accepted screening technique for hemoglobinopathies around the world. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Finger millet also known as ragi in India is one of the important cereals occupies highest area under cultivation among the small millets. Finger millet is comparable to rice with regard to protein (6-8%) and fat (1-2%) and is superior to rice and wheat with respect to mineral and micronutrient contents. It is a major source of dietary carbohydrates for a large section of society. Additionally ragi has enormous health benefits and also a good source of valuable micro-nutrients along with the major food components. In order to develop the value added food products based on ragi, that can able to enrich the nutritional value and also beneficial for good health is the current need for the wellbeing of the society. Food is consumed in combinations. The synergy between foods with other is vital not for taste and delight of eating but also for their high nutritional quality and health benefits. The modern trend for development of new food products aspires for complementary foods in order to fulfill the widening gap of food availability and nutritional security. This paper attempts to discuss the few value added food products incorporating ragi and simultaneously attempts to enlist and document the methodology and techniques in the interest of scientist and common mass [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives To assess the effectiveness of three different mouthrinses - chlorhexidine, triclosan + sodium fluoride and chlorhexidine + triclosan + sodium fluoride + zinc chloride - on plaque, calculus, gingivitis and stains and to evaluate the occurrence of adverse effects with these three treatments. Methods Forty-eight healthy subjects participated in a double-blind, randomized, parallel experiment and were randomly allocated to any one of the three experimental mouthrinses: group A (0.2% chlorhexidine ( CHX) gluconate), group B (0.03% triclosan + 0.025% sodium fluoride ( NaF) + 12% ethyl alcohol) or group C (0.2% CHX + 0.3% triclosan + 0.3% NaF + 0.09% Zn chloride ( ZnCl2 ). All the subjects were assessed for gingivitis, plaque, supragingival calculus and extrinsic stains at baseline and at the end of the 21-day experimental period. Results There was a significant difference ( P = 0.046) in the effectiveness for the prevention of gingivitis and plaque, with subjects of group A and group C presenting least and highest gingival and plaque scores, respectively. Significant differences ( P = 0.03) were observed for the accumulation of supragingival calculus where the deposition of calculus in group A was nearly double that of the group B, and group B was most effective in the prevention of supragingival calculus. Highest deposition of extrinsic stains was in the group A followed by group C and group B. There was no significant difference between the three treatments for adverse events' occurrence. Conclusions CHX mouthrinse was most effective in controlling plaque and gingivitis but caused greatest deposition of extrinsic stains. Supragingival calculus deposition was least in triclosan + NaF group followed by CHX + triclosan + NaF + ZnCl2 and CHX. More than half of the subjects reported adverse events during the experimental phase. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background & objectives: Endemic fluorosis resulting from high fluoride concentration in groundwater is a major public health problem in India. This study was carried out to measure and compare the prevalence of dental fluorosis and dental caries in the population residing in high and normal level of fluoride in their drinking water in Vadodara district, Gujarat, India. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in Vadodara district, six of the 261 villages with high fluoride level and five of 1490 with normal fluoride level in drinking water were selected. The data collection was made by house-to-house visits twice during the study period. Results: The dental fluorosis prevalence in high fluoride area was 59.31 per cent while in normal fluoride area it was 39.21 per cent. The prevalence of dental caries in high fluoride area was 39.53 per cent and in normal fluoride area was 48.21 per cent with CI 6.16 to 11.18. Dental fluorosis prevalence was more among males as compared to females. Highest prevalence of dental fluorosis was seen in 12-24 yr age group. Interpretation & conclusions: The risk of dental fluorosis was higher in the areas showing more fluoride content in drinking water and to a lesser degree of dental caries in the same area. High fluoride content is a risk factor for dental fluorosis and problem of dental fluorosis increased with passage of time suggesting that the fluoride content in the water has perhaps increased over time. Longitudinal studies should be conducted to confirm the findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents the results of proximate analyses, ash fusion temperatures, and energy values of different components of paddy, maize, arhar, and coconut agricultural residues and their impact on decentralized power generation structure. In general, the results indicated the highest energy values in the components of arhar, followed by those of coconut, maize, and paddy agricultural crops. The results also indicated the highest ash contents in the components of paddy and lowest in the coconut residues. The paddy and maize crops exhibited highest ash contents and lowest energy values for their leaves, while the leaf of arhar possessed a higher calorific value (just after stalk). Except for the ash of maize crop residue, the softening temperatures of other studied biomass ashes were observed to be in the range of 1,080–1,105°C, the highest being for the arhar crop ash. This indicates there will be no chance of bed agglomeration problems during the combustion of paddy, arhar, and coconut agricultural residues up to about 900°C. The calculation results have shown that approximately 216/750/4,220 hectares of land are required for plantations with coconut/paddy followed by maize/arhar crop in order to ensure a perpetual supply of electricity for a group of 10–15 villages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The distinctive morphology of human skeleton and its clear sexual dimorphism make it of interests from anatomical, forensic, obstetrical, radiological and anthropological point of view. 100 known sex normal dry human hip bones obtained from Medical College Bhavnagar, 168 known sex normal dry human hip bones from BJ Medical College, Ahmedabad and Smt. NHL Municipal Medical College, Ahmedabad were studied the year of 2005-06. The posterior segment of Greater Sciatic Notch, Genoves' sciatic notch index and posterior angle are found to be significant by t test (P < 0.001). The posterior angle of greater sciatic notch was found to be highly significant for determination of sex of hip bone. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mandibular canines exhibit the greatest sexual dimorphism amongst all teeth. The present study was performed on 368 healthy MBBS students of Medical College, Bhavnagar (216 males, 152 females) of 18 - 24 years with the aim to investigate whether any correlation existed between odontometric measures including mandibular canine index, and sex determination in the year of 2006. Mean value of intercanine distance was higher in males than females and the difference was statistically highly significant (p value<0.01). Comparison of mean values of left and right mandibular canine widths exhibited lesser values in females. The variation in right and left mandibular canine width between males and females was highly significant (p value<0.01). The right and left mandibular canine index (MCI) among genders showed significant difference. Our study conclusively establishes the existence of a definite statistically significant sexual dimorphism in mandibular canines and MCI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dermatoglyphics, the ridged skin covering our palms and sole, are not only found on human beings. All primates have ridged skin, and it can also be found on the paws of certain mammals and on the tails of some monkey species. The drag against the ridges when feeling the texture of a surface heightens the intensity of stimulation of the nerve endings. The sample consists of 100 cases of leprosy in the age group of 18 to 60 years. Fingerprints and palm prints were taken, using the Ink and Pad method, described by Harold Cummins and Midlo. The dermatoglyphics of 100 leprosy cases are studied in the age group of 18 to 60 year. All cases are selected from Bhavnagar district & Taluka places of Bhavnagar District. Out of 100 cases 70 Case of Multibacillary type, (40 Male & 30 Female) and 30 case of Paucibacillary type (16 Male & 14 Female) are compared with the control of different age group 18 to 60 years, (74 Male & 26 Female). there was no statistically significant difference observed in finger print pattern and in between male & female in present study in MB, PB and control. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A rare crustal xenolith of Mg-Al rock recovered from the P3 pipe of Wajrakarur Kimberlite Field in the Dharwar craton contains the minerals sapphirine, spinel and phlogopite. All the minerals have low iron contents with XMg values of 0.97 in phlogopite, 0.95- 0.96 in sapphirine and 0.87 in spinel. The (MgO, FeO) : (Al2O3) : SiO2 ratio in sapphirine is close to 7 : 9 : 3. Sapphirine-spinel geothermometry indicates that the rock has undergone peak metamorphism in the amphibolite-granulite transition facies. Although sapphirine-bearing Mg-Al rocks are known from the northern and southern parts of Dharwar craton, this is the first report of such rocks from the central part of the craton. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Giant quartz veins (GQVs; earlier referred to as ‘quartz reefs’) occurring in the Archean Bundelkhand Craton (29,000 km2) represent a gigantic Precambrian (∼2.15 Ga) silica-rich fluid activity in the central Indian shield. These veins form a striking curvilinear feature with positive relief having a preferred orientation NE-SW to NNE-SSW in the Bundelkhand Craton. Their outcrop widths vary from ≤1 to 70m and pervasively extend over tens of kilometers along the strike over the entire craton. Numerous younger thin quartz veins with somewhat similar orientation cut across the giant quartz veins. They show imprints of strong brittle to ductile-brittle deformation, and in places are associated with base metal and gold incidences, and pyrophyllite-diaspore mineralization. The geochemistry of giant quartz veins were studied. Apart from presenting new data on the geology and geochemistry of these veins, an attempt has been made to resolve the long standing debate on their origin, in favour of an emplacement due to tectonically controlled polyphase hydrothermal fluid activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper reports the occurrence of vesuvianite + wollastonite + grossular + diopside + microcline + quartz assemblage in an enclave of calc-silicate rocks occurring within quartzofeldspathic gneiss near Tatapani in the western part of Chhotanagpur Gneissic Complex. The enclave contains phlogopite-absent and phlogopite-bearing calc-silicate rocks, the latter being much more abundant than the former. The above assemblage occurs in the phlogopite-absent rock. Phlogopite-bearing rock contains the assemblage phlogopite + salite + microcline + plagioclase + quartz. A strong schistosity is developed in both the calc-silicate rocks and the minerals are syntectonic with the major foliation-forming event in the area. The vesuvianite-bearing assemblage is formed by amphibolite facies regional metamorphism of a calcareous protolith at pressure < 4 kbar and XCO2 (fluid) < 0.15. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mineralogical characteristics of eclogite xenoliths from three kimberlite pipes (KL2, P2 and P10) of the Proterozoic Wajrakarur kimberlite field of southern India have been studied. In a rare sample of enstatite eclogite from the KL2 pipe garnet contains microscopic triangular arrays of needles or blebs of omphacite, enstatite and rutile consistent with an origin by exsolution parallel to the isometric form {111}. Discrete omphacite grains in the sample contain exsolved needles or blebs of enstatite and garnet. Kyanite eclogites are abundant in the KL2 pipe which occasionally show a secondary ring of pure celsian around kyanite grains. Omphacite Na2O contents in the eclogites of the KL2 and P2 pipes are typically between 3 and 6 wt%, and garnet has widely variable composition with end member ranges of Prp22-81Grs0-47Alm10-30Sps0-1Adr0-5Uv0-3. Eclogites of the P10 pipe comprise chromian omphacite and garnet. Phase relations in the ACF projection exhibit systematic increase of the Ca-Tschermak’s component in omphacite from enstatite eclogite through biminerallic eclogite to kyanite eclogite. Garnet-clinopyroxene Fe–Mg geothermometry yields temperatures mostly in the range of 900–1100 °C. A formerly supersilicic nature of garnet in enstatite eclogite as inferred from exsolution mineralogy indicates minimum peak pressure of 5 GPa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Results of therapeutic trial of diazepam in tetanus are presented. The trial included 200 cases of tetanus—167 non-neonates and thirty-three neonates. The patients were divided into two groups and were matched as regards age, sex and severity of the disease. The cases of group I received standard treatment while the cases of group II received diazepam in addition. Over-all mortality in group I was 54% and in group II, 26%. The results were statistically significant in non-neonates and in severe degree of tetanus. The drug was well tolerated and side effects were not observed. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The incidence of metritis in dairy bovines of Amul milk shed area of Anand for the year 2009-10 was recorded as 17.34 % of the total reproductive disorders (24595) and as 0.78 % of the total clinical cases (540416) attended. The highest incidence of metritis was noticed during monsoon (42.07 %) followed by winter (35.98 %) and the least in summer (21.95 %). The incidence of metritis had a close positive association with the calving rate and THR - a climatic component, suggesting that peripartum care and calving hygiene apart from elevating climatic and production stress can reduce the incidence of postpartum metritis and thereby the economic loss to the farmers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study was conducted to determine the effect of prepartum supplementation of anionic salts and cholecalciferol (Rovimix Hy-D®) on incidence of periparturient disorders and serum calcium-phosphorus levels at calving in crossbred cows. Total forty advanced pregnant cows of six farms in three villages of Anand district were selected and divided equally on each farm into treatment and control group. The animals in control group were fed with concentrate mixture, green and dry roughage as per availability; whereas animals of treatment group received Rovimix Hy-D® @100 g/animal/day in addition to regular green, dry and concentrate feed for a fortnight prepartum. The incidence of peripartum disorders noted (mainly retention of placenta, uterine prolapse, endometritis and milk fever) was much less in animals of treatment group as compared to control group (15 vs 45 %). Serum concentrations of both calcium and phosphorus were higher in treated group than the control group (10.73±0.21 vs 10.26±0.26 and 5.55±0.12 vs 4.89±0.14 mg/dl), but the difference was significant only for phosphorous levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dermatoglyphics, the ridged skin covering our palms and sole, are not only found on human beings. All primates have ridged skin, and it can also be found on the paws of certain mammals and on the tails of some monkey species. Palmar creases develop during the 2nd and 3rd month of intrauterine life and are not influenced by movement of hand in utero. They are of considerable clinical interest because they are affected by certain abnormalities of early development including genetic disorders. In the present study 100 patients of pulmonary tuberculosis (sputum smear positive) were collected from the department of TB & Chest diseases, Government Medical College, Bhavnagar (Gujarat) and from DOT centers of Bhavnagar. Out of 100 cases, (77 males and 23 females) are of pulmonary tuberculosis (sputum smear positive). There was no statistically significant difference observed in finger print pattern in between male & female and total cases and control in this study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, the authors focus on the use of animals in medical researches in India and discuss the need to change perception in Indian medical schools. They inform that 72 percent of participants faced cost effectiveness problem for animal alternatives and main reason of using animals is to advance medical science. They mention that animal death and needless use of animals should be avoided in medical schools.

Sarkhej Lake is located in the Ahmedabad of Gujarat. To assess the environmental pollution of the lake, the total concentrations of As, Cd, Pb, Hg, and Mn were determined in the surface water of the lake. however, the mean concentrations of dissolved metals in sarkhej Lake water were 0.81ppm for As, 1.88ppm for Pb, 12.8ppm for Cd, 1.8ppm for Hg, and 0.063ppm for Mn respectevly .different water quality assessment approaches indicated that in this lake, water can be compared with WHO and BIS limits; Finally, conclude that Sarkhej lake Water Quality was better than Manager Lake water .But, water were not suitable for Drinking purpose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Elizabethkingia sp. is an opportunistic nosocomially acquired Gram-negative bacterium usually implicated in isolated cases of meningitis, pneumonia, bacteraemia and sepsis. It is a sturdy pathogen, resistant to most of the first-line antibiotics routinely used in laboratories for other Gram-negative pathogens. The current study was planned to assess the demographic profile, clinical picture, sensitivity patterns and species identification of various Elizabethkingia isolates, as well as to follow up cases of infection. All clinical samples of blood, cerebrospinal fluid and respiratory specimens positive for Elizabethkingia during a 2-year period were included in the study. The isolates were first identified with a Vitek-2 GN card system and further confirmed by matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry. Follow-up visits of the patients with their demographic records, morbidities and treatment outcomes were also planned and studied. Over a period of 2 years, samples from 27 individuals showed positive growth of Elizabethkingia spp. Among these 27 individuals, 19 were adults and 8 were neonates. Blood samples yielded most isolates (52.6%; n = 10); followed by tracheal aspirate, bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, and cerebrospinal fluid. Eleven out of 27 patients (40.7%) showed concomitant growth of other pathogens along with Elizabethkingia spp. ; predominantly Gram-negative organisms. Both species of Elizabethkingia showed 100% susceptibility to drugs such as minocycline and piperacillin-tazobactam. A favourable outcome was seen in 76.9% of the individuals with timely institution of antibiotics and proper diagnosis. Bloodstream infections and meningitis were identified as the most common clinical conditions associated with mortality. Infections due to Elizabethkingia are on the rise in developing countries like India. As a result there is an urgent need to study this pathogen in greater detail to understand its pathogenesis, clinical implications and treatment outcomes, especially in hospital settings such as intensive care units. • Elizabethkingia species is an opportunistic nosocomially acquired Gram negative bacteria usually implicated in isolated cases of meningitis, pneumonia, bacteremia, and sepsis. • It is a sturdy pathogen resistant to most of the first line antibiotics routinely used in the laboratories for other Gram negative pathogens. • It is implicated in a wide range of infections in both neonates and adults. • Literature search reveals very scarce studies and case reports on this rare opportunistic pathogen in the healthcare settings and there is a dire need to study this pathogen in greater detail in a developing country like India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Problem India has the world's largest number of maternal deaths estimated at 117 000 per year. Past efforts to provide skilled birth attendants and emergency obstetric care in rural areas have not succeeded because obstetricians are not willing to be posted in government hospitals at subdistrict level. Approach We have documented an innovative public--private partnership scheme between the Government of Gujarat, in India, and private obstetricians practising in rural areas to provide delivery care to poor women. Local setting In April 2007, the majority of poor women delivered their babies at home without skilled care. Relevant changes More than 800 obstetricians joined the scheme and more than 176 000 poor women delivered in private facilities. We estimate that the coverage of deliveries among poor women under the scheme increased from 27% to 53% between April and October 2007. The programme is considered very successful and shows that these types of social health insurance programmes can be managed by the state health department without help from any insurance company or international donor. Lessons learned At least in some areas of India, it is possible to develop large-scale partnerships with the private sector to provide skilled birth attendants and emergency obstetric care to poor women at a relatively small cost. Poor women will take up the benefit of skilled delivery care rapidly, if they do not have to pay for it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Seasonal incidence of haemoprotozoal diseases in crossbred cattle and buffalo was studied by examining 3152 and 1129 blood smears respectively, received from various veterinary sub centres located in Anand and Kaira districts of Gujarat during period from April 2009 to March 2010. The present study has recorded higher incidence of haemoprotozoal diseases in crossbred cattle and buffalo from June to September and June to August, respectively. In crossbred cattle, 1172 (37%) out of 3152 blood smears were positive for haemoprotozoal infection while in buffalo, 191 (17%) out of 1129 blood smears were positive for haemoprotozoal infection. In both the species, higher incidence of Theileriosis was recorded during monsoon season as compared to other protozoan diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The authors reflect on Indian public-private partnership for skilled birth attendance. They suggest that while emergency obstetric care has been recognized as vital to the reduction of maternal mortality India has faced a shortage of obstetricians to provide comprehensive emergency obstetric care in rural areas. They argue that with proper arrangements private practitioners in the country can be motivated to provide skilled birth attendance and emergency obstetric care to poor women at a fair cost.

The efficacy and treatment outcome of a CML patient are heavily dependent on BCR::ABL1 kinase domain (KD) mutation status. Next-generation sequencing technology is a bright alternative to the previously used sanger sequencing method due to its global presence in diagnostic setups, massive parallel sequencing ability, and far better sensitivity. In the present study, we have demonstrated a new protocol for kinase domain mutation analysis using the next-generation sequencing (NGS) method using the ion torrent sequencing platform. This protocol uses RNA as the starting material, followed by nested PCR to amplify the fusion transcript, which is subsequently used as a template for NGS. Initial validation and comparison of this assay with the sanger sequencing (SS) method yielded 95.23% agreement. CML samples (n = 121) with a failure to TKI response were subjected to this newly developed NGS-based assay to detect KD mutations, from which samples were found to have mutations with a sensitivity ranging from 2.32 to 93.41%. A total of 34.71% of samples (n = 42) were found to be positive for one or more KD mutations, whereas 65.29% of samples (n = 81) were found to be negative. Nine samples out of 42 positive samples, i.e., 21.42%, were found to have compound mutations. This is one of the first studies from India, which includes more than 160 samples and is analyzed by the NGS approach for KD mutation analysis., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Background: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is a challenging condition to diagnose, and current laboratory methods have limitations, especially in developing countries. This study evaluated the diagnostic utility of the Lancet consensus scoring (LCS) system in suspected TBM cases at a tertiary care center in India., Methods: The clinical manifestations of 75 patients with suspected TBM were prospectively evaluated using the LCS system, which categorizes cases as "definite" (laboratory confirmed), "probable" (>10 points without imaging or > 12 points with imaging), and "possible" (6-9 points without imaging or 6-11 points with imaging). The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value (PPV), and negative predictive value (NPV) of the LCS system were compared to GeneXpert and mycobacterial growth indicator tube (MGIT) liquid culture, which are considered the gold standard tests., Results: Out of 75 recruited cases, 11 were confirmed as definite TBM cases. The LCS system correctly identified 8 of these as "probable" and 3 as "possible" cases. Compared to GeneXpert, the LCS system had a specificity of 100%, sensitivity of 54.55%, NPV of 92.7%, and PPV of 100%. Compared to MGIT liquid culture, the LCS system had a specificity of 100%, sensitivity of 81.82%, NPV of 96.97%, and PPV of 100%. The diagnostic accuracy was higher for MGIT liquid culture (97.33%) than GeneXpert (93.33%)., Conclusion: The LCS system is a practical and easily applicable tool that can aid the diagnosis of suspected TBM cases, particularly in resource-limited settings. Despite some limitations, the LCS system demonstrated good diagnostic performance, suggesting its potential utility in improving TBM diagnosis and management., (Copyright © 2024 Copyright: © 2024 International Journal of Mycobacteriology.)

Indian coastal waters are critical for dugong populations in the western Indian Ocean. Systematic spatial planning of dugong habitats can help to achieve biodiversity conservation and area-based protection targets in the region. In this study, we employed environmental niche modelling to predict suitable dugong habitats and identify influencing factors along its entire distribution range in Indian waters. We examined data on fishing pressures collected through systematic interview surveys, citizen-science data, and field surveys to demarcate dugong habitats with varying risks. Seagrass presence was the primary factor in determining dugong habitat suitability across the study sites. Other variables such as depth, bathymetric slope, and Euclidean distance from the shore were significant factors, particularly in predicting seasonal suitability. Predicted suitable habitats showed a remarkable shift from pre-monsoon in Palk Bay to post-monsoon in the Gulf of Mannar, indicating the potential of seasonal dugong movement. The entire coastline along the Palk Bay-Gulf of Mannar region was observed to be at high to moderate risk, including the Gulf of Mannar Marine National Park, a high-risk area. The Andaman Islands exhibited high suitability during pre- and post-monsoon season, whereas the Nicobar Islands were highly suitable for monsoon season. Risk assessment of modelled suitable areas revealed that < 15% of high-risk areas across Andaman and Nicobar Islands and Palk Bay and Gulf of Mannar, Tamil Nadu, fall within the existing protected areas. A few offshore reef islands are identified under high-risk zones in the Gulf of Kutch, Gujarat. We highlight the utility of citizen science and secondary data in performing large-scale spatial ecological analysis. Overall, identifying synoptic scale 'Critical Dugong Habitats' has positive implications for the country's progress towards achieving the global 30 × 30 target through systematic conservation planning., (© 2024. The Author(s).)

Objectives: To evaluate the effectiveness of robot-assisted therapy (RAT) followed by activities of daily living (ADL) training in comparison with conventional rehabilitation therapy (CRT) and ADL training in individuals with subacute stroke., Design: A single-blind, 2-arm, parallel-group, open-level, randomized controlled trial., Setting: A tertiary care teaching hospital in India., Participants: Forty-four persons (n=44) with first-ever stroke (in subacute stage) were enrolled from August 2021 to July 2023., Intervention: Participants in the RAT group (n=22) received RAT for 30 minutes, followed by ADL training for 30 minutes. In contrast, participants in the CRT group (n=22) received CRT (30 minutes) followed by ADL training (30 minutes). Both groups received allocated interventions for 15 days over 3 weeks (5 days/week, 3 weeks)., Main Outcome Measures: Primary outcome: Motor domain score of the Fugl-Meyer Assessment scale for upper extremity (FMA-UE)., Secondary Outcomes: the other domains scores of FMA-UE (UL -sensation, -joint motions, -joint pain); Modified Ashworth Scale (MAS) (spasticity); hand-function (HF) and ADL-domain scores of the stroke impact scale (SIS); WHOQQL-BREF questionnaires (QOL). Participants were assessed at enrolment and follow-up at 3, 6, and 12 weeks., Results: Persons who received RAT and ADL training reported significant improvement (P<.05) in UL motor function (mean difference [MD]=3.54;(95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.28 to 5.79]), UL passive joint motions (MD=2.54; [95% CI: 1.56 to 3.52]), SIS-HF (MD=6.37;[95% CI: 4.75 to 7.99]), SIS-ADL (MD=7.13 [95% CI: 3.52 to 8.74]), and in all domains of WHOQOL-BREF (except environmental domain) compared with persons who received CRT and ADL training at 12 weeks., Conclusions: The findings indicate that RAT followed by ADL training is more effective than CRT followed by ADL training in motor improvement, SIS-HF, SIS-ADL, and QOL at 12 weeks., (Copyright © 2024 American Congress of Rehabilitation Medicine. Published by Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.)

Purpose: This study aimed to report changes in sexual activity and related difficulties and concerns among Indian patients at the end of 1-year after primary total hip arthroplasty (THA)., Materials and Methods: A detailed questionnaire related to sexual difficulty, frequency, position, satisfaction, stress, and concerns pre- and postoperatively was administered through an in-person interview at 1-year post-THA., Results: Preoperatively, 77% of patients reported difficulties in sexual activities, which reduced significantly (p < 0.0001) to 30% at the end of 1-year post-operatively. A majority of patients reported no change in the frequency (56.5%) or satisfaction with their sexual activity (54%), and moderate to severe stress (53%) related to sexual activity at 1 year postoperatively. A significantly higher percentage (p = 0.01) of female patients (63%) reported changing their coital position postoperatively due to difficulty in leg positioning when compared to male patients (37.5%). Most patients (69%) were not able to procure information on sexual activity after THA surgery. and only 17.5% of patients discussed the topic with their surgeon., Conclusion: Although THA significantly reduced difficulty in sexual activity, most patients reported no change in the frequency of sexual activity or sexual satisfaction, had moderate to severe stress regarding sex, and were primarily concerned about safety of coital position and fear of dislocation at the end of 1-year postoperatively. Pre- and postoperative counselling by their surgeons will provide the patient with relevant information and help reduce anxiety and stress, improve satisfaction, and enhance the overall sexual health of the patient undergoing primary THA., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag France SAS, part of Springer Nature.)

Aim: The study was conducted to know the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on menstrual cycle patterns and pre- and post-menstrual symptoms in women aged 18-45 years., Background: COVID-19 vaccination was introduced to combat the dreadful impacts of human coronavirus infection. The two indigenously developed COVID-19 vaccines approved for use in India are COVISHIELD and COVAXIN., Objectives: To investigate the effects of COVID-19 vaccination on the menstrual cycle, pre- and post-menstrual symptoms and to establish the correlation with the type of vaccine received., Methods: Multi-centric observational study conducted in six institutes of national importance in different states of India over one year. A total of 5709 female participants fulfilling inclusion criteria were enrolled. Data about the impact of vaccines (COVISHIELD and COVAXIN) and prior COVID-19 infection on the menstrual cycle and its associated symptoms were obtained using all participants' online and offline interviews., Results: Of 5709 participants, 78.2% received COVISHIELD and 21.8% COVAXIN. Of the total 5709 participants, 333 (5.8%) developed post-vaccination menstrual disturbances, with 32.7% having frequent cycles, 63.7% prolonged cycles, and 3.6% inter-menstrual bleeding. A total of 301 participants noticed changes in the amount of bleeding, with 50.2% excessive, 48.8% scanty, and 0.99% amenorrhea followed by heavy bleeding. Furthermore, the irregularities of the menstrual cycle (p = 0.011) and length (0.001) were significantly higher in the COVAXIN group (7.2%) as compared to the COVISHIELD (5.3%) group. A total of 721 participants complained of newly developed/worsening pre- and post-menstrual symptoms. These symptoms were significantly higher in the COVISHIELD group (p = 0.031), with generalized weakness and body pains as the main complaints (p = 0.001). No significant difference was observed in the incidence of COVID-19 infection with these vaccines. No significant associations were observed when comparing menstrual abnormalities among those with COVID-19 infection (p > 0.05)., Conclusion: COVISHIELD and COVAXIN vaccines were associated with menstrual cycle disturbances and pre-and post-menstrual symptoms in a small proportion of participants, with 94.7% having no change in the amount of bleeding during menstruation post-vaccination. The menstrual irregularities observed were significantly higher with the COVAXIN vaccine. Others: Further, long-term studies are required to confirm that the impact of COVID-19 vaccination on the menstrual cycle may be short-lasting, with no severe effects on women's menstrual health., (Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at epub@benthamscience.net.)

This study was conducted to identify and study the prevalence of post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in patients, who had sustained traumatic facial and dental injuries along with other variables that may affect the psychological response., Material and Methods: 241 patients suffering from traumatic facial and dental injuries presenting to the Ahmadabad Municipal Dental College and Hospital were included in the study. 110 patients (males - 87, females - 23) suffered disfiguring injuries and/or loss of multiple front teeth (DF). 131 patients (males - 102, females - 29) suffered no disfigurement (NDF). Assessment was carried out on day of discharge (D.O.D), 1 month, and 6 months. Impact of Event Scale (I.E.S-R) was used to assess the presence of post traumatic stress disorder in the patients., Results: Patients with DF injuries had statistically significant higher mean scores than patients suffering NDF injuries. Female patients had comparatively higher scores at D.O.D, 1 month, and 6 months. Patients treated with maxillomandibular fixation and between ages 18 and 40 years also had significantly higher scores., Conclusion: Patients with DF facial injuries including multiple anterior teeth loss had significantly higher mean (I.E.S-R) scores for PTSD in comparison with patients with NDF facial injuries., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)

The notion of circular economy (CE) strengthens the approach to sustainable development (SD). It is perceived that the adoption of CE can unlock half a trillion dollars of economic value in India by the year 2030. However, embracing the CE concept can be considered a panacea to the existing issues associated with solid waste management (SWM). The proposed study explores current waste management practices and assesses the inadequacy to infer the CE as a solution for successful waste management practices. The work provides an overview of SWM in India and emphasizes the inclusion of CE in the Indian SWM sector. The comprehensive review depicts existing, and emerging waste management approaches to form a CE by processing the waste efficiently and fuelling an SD movement. The cradle-to-cradle approach in CE, national solid waste compliances/legislation, key initiatives taken by the Governments, and the influence of industry and legal framework on CE were also discussed. The work will facilitate policy and decision-makers to include CE in the Indian SWM sector.