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This study was conducted to retrospectively investigate the indications for renal biopsy in the native kidneys of children and to analyze the pathological findings in a single tertiary care hospital in North-East India for the past 12 years. All children (≤18 years) who underwent renal biopsy at our hospital from March 2007 to April 2018 were included. Renal tissue specimens were studied under light and immunofluorescence microscopy. The study group included 254 patients (female 57%). The median age was 15 years (range 6-18 years). The most frequent indications for renal biopsy were nephrotic syndrome (NS) (53.9%), urinary abnormality in systemic disease (22.1%), nephritic syndrome (15.4%), asymptomatic hematuria (4.7%), significant proteinuria (3.1%), and unexplained renal failure (0.8%). On histopathological examination, primary glomerular diseases were the most frequent (68.9%) followed by secondary glomerular diseases (30.3%) and tubulointerstitial diseases (0.8%). The most common primary glomerular diseases were minimal change disease (26.8%), focal segmental glomerular sclerosis (12.2%), diffuse proliferative glomerulonephritis (9.1%), membranous nephropathy (8.7%), IgA nephropathy (8.3%), membranoproliferative glomerulonephritis (2%), and mesangioproliferative glomerulonephritis (2%). Lupus nephritis (LN) (29.5%) was the most common secondary glomerular disease. NS was the most common indication of renal biopsy, and LN was the most common histopathological diagnosis in children ≤18 years.

Introduction: To avoid temporary hemodialysis, urgent initiated PD (UIPD) has been designed. In these patients, PD is initiated within 3 days after PD catheter placement. In this study, we evaluated the outcomes of UIPD in end-stage renal disease patients compared with the conventional start of PD., Methods: This is a single-center observational study, comparing outcomes of UIPD to conventional initiation of PD. All patients diagnosed with ESRD from March 2013 to February 2019 and were willing for CAPD were recruited. In UIPD group treatment was initiated at day 2 of catheter insertion with a dialysate volume of 1000 mL per dwell for 2 hours gradually increased to 2000 mL per dwell volume by 8 to 10 days., Results: During the study period, 98 patients were started on peritoneal dialysis in our hospital: 35 UIPD, 63 conventional PD. The mean age was 60.81 ± 13.04 years. 67% of patients were males with diabetes mellitus (32%) being the most common cause of CKD. Among the patients in UIPD, the mean age was 58.49 ± 16.1 years, while as in conventional group mean age was 62.10 ± 10.9 years. The Median follow-up time was 381 days. Technique survival was seen in 95 patients (96.9%). There was no difference in technique failure between UIPD vs conventional group. Total complications in our study occurred in 16 patients out of 98 patients during this period. There was no significant difference in the complication rates between the UIPD group and the conventional group., Conclusion: Our study showed that catheter patency, technique survival, and catheter-related complications were comparable between UIPD and conventional start peritoneal dialysis.

Diabetes mellitus is the most common cause of chronic kidney disease worldwide. The prevalence of nondiabetic renal disease (NDRD) among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) varies widely. This study aimed to evaluate the renal biopsies performed on type 2 diabetic patients for suspicion of NDRD and to correlate clinicopathological findings. All T2DM patients aged > 18 years were included in this study, who had renal biopsy performed for the following reasons: recent-onset nephrotic syndrome, unexplained rapid deterioration of renal function, proteinuria not accompanied by retinopathy, and unexplained hematuria. Renal biopsy was analyzed by light microscopy and immunofluorescence. Based on biopsy findings, the patients were grouped into three: (i) isolated NDRD, (ii) NDRD ± diabetic nephropathy (DN), and (iii) isolated DN. A total of 140 patients were enrolled in this study. Recent-onset nephrotic syndrome was the most common indication for biopsy, followed by the presence of active urine sediment. Forty-two percent of the patients had isolated DN, while NDRD was seen in 34% and DN ± NDRD in 24%. Focal segmental glomerulosclerosis (FSGS) and IgA nephropathy were the most common causes of isolated NDRD, while chronic tubulointerstitial nephritis (CTIN) was common in NDRD plus DN. Short duration of diabetes, absence of diabetic retinopathy, and lower glycated hemoglobin were predictive of NDRD. NDRD was seen in 58% of the patients with atypical presentations. FSGS and CTIN were common in NDRD diseases. Judicious use of biopsy in diabetic patients with atypical presentation may help in the diagnosis of NDRD.