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Background and Objective The effects of tobacco smoking on the prevalence and severity of periodontal disease have been well documented. However, very few studies have assessed the effects of oral smokeless tobacco ( ST) on the periodontium. Considering the widespread use of ST products globally, the effects of such products on the periodontal tissues may be important. The present study was performed to compare retrospectively the patterns of periodontal destruction among oral ST users and never-users with periodontitis. Material and Methods Data from 149 patients with periodontitis (60 ST users and 89 never-users) were compared for mean scores of probing depth, recession ( REC) and clinical attachment loss ( CAL) and the mean percentage of sites with different ranges of probing depth, REC and CAL. Results For full-mouth scores, mean REC and CAL were significantly higher in ST users than in never-users ( p < 0.001 and p = 0.008, respectively). For different regions of the dentition, mean scores of REC were significantly higher among ST users than among never-users ( p < 0.001 for all regions), and mean scores of CAL were significantly higher for ST users in mandibular ( p < 0.001), buccal ( p = 0.008), lingual ( p = 0.022), anterior ( p = 0.012) and molar ( p = 0.009) sites. Generally, there were higher percentages of sites with shallow pockets (0-3 mm), REC of ≥ 1 mm and CAL of ≥ 3 mm in ST users than in never-users. However, only differences for REC categories were significant for all regions ( p < 0.001). ST users had a significantly higher proportion of sites with CAL of ≥8 mm for full-mouth sites ( p = 0.003), mandibular teeth ( p < 0.001), buccal sites ( p = 0.002), anterior teeth ( p = 0.040) and molars ( p = 0.007). Conclusion ST users tend to have more severe REC and CAL and a greater proportion of sites with higher values of REC and CAL compared with never-users. The greatest increase in severity of CAL was found to be localized to sites on mandibular teeth, buccal surfaces, anteriors and molars, which may be a result of the retention of the ST product in the oral cavity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

ABSTRACT This paper assessed the periodontal status of inpatients at Government Mental Hospital, Vadodara, India, and studied the possible relationship between periodontal status and age, length of hospitalization, type of mental illness, and medication and tobacco use. Information about psychiatric diagnosis, length of hospitalization, and prescribed medication was obtained from hospital records. We interviewed 165 inpatients and recorded their chief dental complaints (if any) and relevant histories. Periodontal status was assessed using the Community Periodontal Index (CPI). Descriptive statistics, nonparametric tests, and multiple logistic regression analyses were used. The most prevalent periodontal condition was shallow pockets (47.27%). Some subjects (10.3%) had loss of attachment (LOA) of 9-11 mm. Age and length of hospitalization were significantly associated with periodontal status. Multiple logistic regression revealed that only age was significantly associated with periodontal pockets. Male gender, age, and tobacco-related habits were significantly associated with LOA of more than 0-3 mm. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]