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The earth is becoming warmer day by day, consistent with the study earth's temperature has ascended to 0.74 °C and is close to increasing from 1.8° C to 4° C by 2100. Worldwide heating is anticipating endure a typically terrible impact on plant ontogenesis. Plants' diversity and productivity are adversely suffering from abiotic ecological factors. Thermal stress is now becoming the main concern for plants everywhere. The growing risk of climatological extremes, such as very excessive temperatures, might result in a catastrophic lack of crop productiveness and bring about extensive famine. Within the boom situation of plant life, several secondary metabolites are produced with the aid of them to serve a ramification of cell capabilities vital for physiological approaches. In developing nations, aromatic and medicinal vegetation is still utilizing in conventional and alternative drug treatments. In India, medicinal vegetation is being used in conventional medication to treat diverse illnesses. Within the past years, numerous research highlighted the healing properties and biological activities of medicinal plants such as Artemisia annua, A. sativum, Andrographis paniculata, Cymbopogon flexuosus, Foeniculum vulgar, Ferula asafoetida Mentha piperita, Solanum nigrum, Piper nigrum, Tagetes minuta, Trigonella foenum, Ocimum sanctum. Excessive levels of heat in medicinal vegetation exploitation are caused by abiotic stress outcomes with the production of ROS inside the cell chambers of a plant cell, which ultimately have a tremendous effect on secondary metabolite production. The excessive temperature has a wide variety of consequences on plant life in phrases of physiology, biochemistry, and gene regulatory pathways. Right here, we provide an assessment of the impact of temperature on numerous medicinal flora. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Peppermint (Mentha × piperita L) is a perennial, glabrous and strongly scented herb belongs to the family Lamiaceae. It is cultivated in a temperate region of Europe, Asia, United States, India and Mediterranean countries due to their commercial value and distinct aroma. In addition to traditional food flavouring uses, M. × piperita is well recognized for their traditional use to treat fever, cold, digestive, anti-viral, anti-fungal and oral mucosa and throat inflammation. The scientific studies provide awareness on the use of M. × piperita for biological effects such as anti-oxidant, anti-microbial, anti-viral, anti-inflammatory, biopesticidal, larvicidal, anticancer, radioprotective effect, genotoxicity and anti-diabetic activity have been ascribed. A wide spectrum of bioactive phytochemicals such as flavonoids, phenolics lignans and stilbenes and essential oils are expected to be responsible for the aroma effects. In this sense, this present review provides an extensive overview of the traditional medicinal, phytochemical and multiple biological activities of this "Peppermint." [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• A comprehensive study was conducted on a large set of peppermint EOs. • Conventional and chiral GC/MS along with chemometrics were utilized. • Substandard or adulterated EOs could be identified by single or combined methods. • Commercial oils originating from US, India or blend were predicted by chemometrics. • Possible forms of adulteration were explored. Peppermint essential oil (EO) has a multitude of applications, such as a fragrance in cosmetics, personal care and industrial products, or as a flavoring ingredient in food and beverages. Despite its popularity and economic significance, peppermint EO is often adulterated to reduce production costs and to increase profits. Although the ISO standard for peppermint EO exists, detecting sophisticated forms of adulteration remains challenging. The current study used conventional and chiral GC/MS analysis of volatiles compounds, and chemometric techniques to evaluate an extensive set of authentic peppermint EO (n = 22) and commercial products (n = 36) purported to contain peppermint EO. Specifically, thirty-six terpenoids were examined in each sample and compared with the ISO standard. Fifty-three percent of the selected commercial products did not meet the ISO specifications and the ratio between menthone/isomenthone was proven to be a good indicator for authentication and adulteration detection. Chiral GC/MS was further employed to measure eight terpenoids: α-pinene, β-pinene, limonene, menthol, menthone, isomenthone, pulegone, and menthyl acetate. The enantiomeric compositions of 27 commercial products were above or below the norm measured from authentic peppermint EOs. Of the 27 samples, eight met the ISO standard. A sample class prediction (SCP) model based on partial least squares-discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) of conventional GC/MS data was constructed using authentic peppermint EOs and cornmint EOs. The model can distinguish the most common types of peppermint EOs (US, India, and US/India blend) and cornmint EOs sold in the US market. After construction, the SCP model was then used to analyze commercial samples. One sample, which passed both ISO specification and chiral analysis, was identified as outlier by the SCP model. Overall, the applicability of combining both conventional and chiral GC/MS along with chemometric tools has been successfully demonstrated to address the overall quality of peppermint EOs in commerce and may help combat sophisticated adulteration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the process of distillation, the hydrophilic part of the essential oil dissolves in the aqueous distillate that is generally considered waste and discarded. The decanted (main essential oil) and hydrophilic (recovered essential oil) fractions of peppermint (Mentha piperita cv Kukrail) and spearmint (Mentha spicata cv MSS-5) essential oils were investigated by gas chromatography and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The decanted essential oils of spearmint and peppermint were richer in monoterpene and sesquiterpene hydrocarbons compared to the recovered essential oils. In peppermint, oxygenated monoterpenes (82.85-85.59%), especially alcohols, were higher in recovered essential oil (58.22%) than decanted essential oil (41.03%). Similarly, in spearmint, the percentage of oxygenated monoterpenes was higher in recovered essential oil (83.08%) than decanted oil (59.84%). The recovered and decanted essential oils of both Mentha species demonstrated low to moderate antimicrobial activity against five bacterial strains. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mints (Mentha species) are very familiar aromatic herbs, grown in India and several other countries of the world for essential oils that are widely used in the food, pharmaceutical, cosmetic, and perfumery industries. This review describes various diseases in mint under the four sub-topics: fungal, nematode, viral and phytoplasmal, and bacterial. A review of the literature reveals that the most economically serious diseases are caused by the fungi Puccinia menthae (rust), Alternaria alternata (leaf spot); Verticillium dahliae (wilt), Phoma stasserti (stem rot), Rhizoctonia solani/bataticola (root and stolon rot) and Erysiphe cichoracearum (powdery mildew). With mints, as with other crop plants, fungicides are used to control disease. Several studies suggest that the control of disease through chemicals appears more attractive if the pathogen is present in the planting material (stolon, sucker or runner) and a small area is treated for producing a healthy disease-free nursery. For effective chemical control against multiple diseases, application of propioconazole is frequently used. This review on mint diseases indicates that considerable progress has been achieved with respect to the identity of the causal organisms, and chemical control measures, but not much work has been dedicated for developing resistant crop varieties against the diseases. Because persistence of diseases in mints is very common due to vegetative propagation of the hosts, developing alternative means of propagation that would break the continuum in disease transmission becomes imperative. Analysis of the current research indicates that the development of seed-producing genotypes through breeding would be an attractive. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]