1. High-level Colonization With Antibiotic-Resistant Enterobacterales Among Individuals in a Semi-Urban Setting in South India: An Antibiotic Resistance in Communities and Hospitals (ARCH) Study.
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Kumar, C P Girish, Bhatnagar, Tarun, Narayanan, G Sathya, Swathi, S S, Sindhuja, V, Siromany, Valan A, VanderEnde, Daniel, Malpiedi, Paul, Smith, Rachel M, Bollinger, Susan, Babiker, Ahmed, Styczynski, Ashley, and Team, Antibiotic Resistance in Communities and Hospitals India
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HOST-bacteria relationships , *HOSPITALS , *COLISTIN , *PARASITOLOGY , *CONFIDENCE intervals , *CROSS-sectional method , *ENTEROBACTERIACEAE diseases , *CARBAPENEM-resistant bacteria , *COMMUNITIES , *FISHER exact test , *CEPHALOSPORINS , *ENTEROBACTERIACEAE , *FECES , *PEARSON correlation (Statistics) , *MULTIDRUG resistance , *MICROBIOLOGICAL techniques , *DISEASE prevalence , *CHI-squared test , *DESCRIPTIVE statistics , *RESEARCH funding , *CARBAPENEMS , *MICROBIAL sensitivity tests , *PHARMACODYNAMICS - Abstract
Background Antimicrobial resistance poses a significant threat to public health globally. We studied the prevalence of colonization with extended-spectrum cephalosporin-resistant Enterobacterales (ESCrE), carbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales (CRE), and colistin-resistant Enterobacterales (Col-RE) in hospitals and the surrounding community in South India. Methods Adults from 2 hospitals and the catchment community who consented to provide stool specimens were enrolled. Stools were plated on CHROMagar selective for ESCrE, CRE, and Col-RE. Bacterial identification and antibiotic susceptibility testing were done using Vitek 2 Compact and disc diffusion testing. Colistin broth microdilution was performed for a subset of isolates. Prevalence estimates were calculated with 95% confidence intervals (CIs), and differences were compared across populations using the Pearson χ 2 or Fisher exact test. Results Between November 2020 and March 2022, 757 adults in the community and 556 hospitalized adults were enrolled. ESCrE colonization prevalence was 71.5% (95% CI, 68.1%–74.6%) in the community and 81.8% (95% CI, 78.4%–84.8%) in the hospital, whereas CRE colonization prevalence was 15.1% (95% CI, 12.7%–17.8%) in the community and 22.7% (95% CI, 19.4%–26.3%) in the hospital. Col-RE colonization prevalence was estimated to be 1.1% (95% CI,.5%–2.1%) in the community and 0.5% (95% CI,.2%–1.6%) in the hospital. ESCrE and CRE colonization in hospital participants was significantly higher compared with community participants (P <.001 for both). Conclusions High levels of colonization with antibiotic-resistant Enterobacterales were found in both community and hospital settings. This study highlights the importance of surveillance of colonization in these settings for understanding the burden of antimicrobial resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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