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The present study investigates the perception of experience of depression, anxiety, and stress (DAS) among young adults (18-22 years of age) from different locales in India during the global COVID-19 pandemic. The sample included 1,020 participants (603 males and 417 females) with 470 identified talented students (ITS) and 550 nonidentified students (NiS) from Indian villages, towns, and cities. multivariate analysis of variance and ordinal logistic regression analysis were carried out to understand the differences between the various subcategories and the probability of having high negative emotional states among those groups. Results point toward varying levels of DAS depending on whether they were ITS or NiS, whether male or female, and whether they came from Indian villages, towns, or cities. Both similarities and dissimilarities with other studies were observed, and the results provide insights into the effect of the pandemic on the mental health of young adults in India. The importance of developing psychological support systems for all students is implicated in the findings of the study.

There is a growing emphasis on research across disciplines, and higher educational institutions' research productivity (RP) is a matter of serious consideration. However, a knowledge gap exists in RP in social science disciplines in India. In this context, the present study aimed to (1) understand the RP of social work and psychology schools at publicly funded central universities (CU) in India, (2) evaluate the RP and research impacts of faculty members in these schools, and (3) identify the publishing trends and patterns in social work and psychology disciplines. Using the Scopus database, we collected bibliometric information on publications of 19 social work and 16 psychology schools and their faculty members. The results indicate that schools' research productivity remained unpromising, constituting many faculty members (Social work 51.08%; Psychology 43.4%) with no publications. Although the average RP of social work (M = 16.0, SD = 17.40) and psychology (M = 45.63, SSD = 61.08) schools differed, the difference was not statistically significant (t = 1.88, p = 0.078). An increase in the publication was evident after 2016, indicating positive-policy impacts. A difference in RP across professional ranks was evident for social work (p < 0.05) but not for psychology (p > 0.05). For research impact, a difference existed based on ranks for academicians from psychology only (p < 0.05). Publications in high-impact journals and an output of international collaborations remained low in both disciplines. Implications point to developing appropriate workshops and training to provide hands-on experience to improve quality research among academicians. Further policy changes are also essential to enhance research culture and productivity.

This article examines the role of the arts in education through a detailed sharing of a research project, Hum Hindustani, on children and citizenship. Using examples of work co-created with children in art workshops for the project, the article offers an understanding of the place of the arts in the classroom to provoke a larger conversation that can lead to meaningful ways of engaging with children. It looks at questions of children's voice, authenticity and positionality to argue for a reflexive teaching practice that can challenge pedagogies that emphasise tests and results, and instead allow for the development of the whole individual.

This paper narrates the concept of Sustainable Peace Leadership and examines how three prominent Peace Activists from South and Southeast Asia measure up to the concept. The article will consider the works and ideas of Mohandas K. Gandhi (Mahatma Gandhi), Lhamo Thondup (The 14th Dalai Lama), and Nguyen Xuan Bao (Thich Nhat Hanh). Mahatma Gandhi was instrumental in achieving Indian independence from the British Empire. The Dalai Lama is the spiritual leader of the Tibetan people and has managed a difficult relationship with the Chinese government following the occupation of Tibet. Thich Nhat Hanh was a Vietnamese Buddhist monk, peace activist and is known as the 'father of mindfulness'. The paper identified several characteristics of Peace Leaders. These include being a charismatic leader who motivates their followers to achieve their goals in a non-violent and inclusive manner. Peace leaders meditate and spend time developing inner peace which then leads to outer peace. The paper also asserts that peace leaders are capable of recognizing the humanity in their opponents and seek a mutually beneficial solution. The three chosen individuals are all recognised as being charismatic leaders who were prominent peace leaders. All were deeply spiritual and practiced meditation and other inner work on a regular basis. They stressed the humanity in their opponents, based on their religious beliefs and the concepts of non-duality and interdependence.

Online teaching is not a new method. The current pandemic forced online learning predominantly. This study attempted to study the determinants of online learning and mediating role of facilitator. The covariance analysis of the proposed model revealed that the facilitator along with technological factors is significant. Similarly, the covariance coefficient of interaction with mentoring was found to be significant. The data has been collected from the students of higher educational institutions located in the northern region of India. The confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) is done to analyze the impact on respective factors. The correlation matrix explained the relationship between different factors. The facilitator and interaction are significant determinants of learning which validate our hypothesis. The mediation model assesses whether a facilitator playing the mediating role in explaining the relationship between learning and interaction has come out to be significant.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine the nexus of social support (SS), work-life balance (WLB) and satisfaction with life (SWL) in hybrid work (HW) scenario in learning organizations. Design/methodology/approach: The data were collected via questionnaire method from 531 employees working in learning organizations (IT/ITES sector) in India. The hypotheses were tested using hierarchical regression. Findings: The findings of the study showed that HW was positively related to SS dimensions, WLB and SWL. Further, the study established the mediating role of SS between HW and WLB as well as WLB as a mediator between HW-SWL relationships. Research limitations/implications: This study has certain limitations owing to the cross-sectional nature of the data and the specific sector under study. The findings have significant implications for policy making to determine the conditions under which both employees and organizations can benefit from HW. Further, the study has implications for uncertain and volatile environments as had been created by COVID-19 pandemic, where HW arrangements may not be a choice but become necessity. Originality/value: This study contributes to the conservation of resources theory. It identifies the importance of true autonomy and flexibility for employees.

Tourism for its intrinsic character of people, planet and profit has been an enduring area of research for sustainable policy and practices. Planning and implementing sustainable tourism in India are largely shaped and groomed in the classrooms. Currently, over two hundred universities across the country offer tourism programs. The current study involves a two-stage process. Available literature was first summarized into items of sustainability components required of a program structure such as sustainability aspects; viz. socio-economic, environmental, and business, case study approach, interaction with stakeholders, research & practices in local settings and timely update of the syllabus. Such components in the second stage of the research formed the basis of the questionnaire used for qualitative research involving senior academics responsible for designing the syllabi. Findings present a model on the effective integration of sustainable tourism theories and practices into tourism curricula.

Acquisition of skills and its continual development may be considered as a defining element for the growth story of India, where we need to explore its integration with education. If we look back at the conventional model of education, we find that the success of those students totally depends on, what we don't see are the countless hours they consumed behind the divisions, improving their expertise, and edifying their skills. Today's Indian workforce is massively talented and adaptable. It focuses not only on economic, infrastructure and technical development but also tend to lead the nation towards industrial development, giving a global recognition in Indian Industry. The present paper explores how the institution, employer, and government need to collaborate to make sure that the employability skill honed by the graduates of higher learning institutions match with the needs of the industry and its job requirements. The study aims to consider the place of skills in the universities to draw a suggested framework with an initiative that may be introduced to promote such skills for dynamic entrepreneurship.

The COVID-19 pandemic demanded the closure of education institutions abruptly in the middle of the academic term, disrupting regular teaching and learning activities throughout the world. The teaching fraternity immediately moved to online teaching to minimize learning damage and continue academic activities. With the sudden shift from traditional practices to online teaching, the key question arises about effectiveness of online teaching in higher education and how the teaching fraternity pursues academic activities, grouped under pre, during and post online teaching. This study aimed at examining the faculty perspective of online teaching in higher education without much experience and preparation. Data was collected from 81 faculty members across the disciplines of Engineering, Technology and Science for technical courses and Management and Commerce for the School of Social Science. Opinion of respondents received in pre, during and post online teaching activities and effectiveness in comparison to traditional system were analyzed. While the results show that there is no substantial pedagogical change or difficulty in delivery through online teaching. However, concerns remain about classroom management and the evaluation process through online as compared to face to face teaching. There is no significant difference of opinion from the faculties of School of Engineering and School of Management in regard to pre and post, except during the online teaching activities.

The significance of peace education is universally recognized for a safe and prospering future for the world at school level as peace education aims at equipping the future citizens with necessary knowledge, attitude, and skills so that they would acknowledge and respect all kinds of diversity and understand human dignity. This paper is based on an empirical research aiming how far guiding principles and practices of peace education followed in secondary schools of Mizoram. The concept of peace education, guiding principles of peace education and practices on peace-related activities being followed in the secondary schools of Mizoram were explored. The study revealed that peace education was not being taught as a separate subject. Peace education component was infused in the existing curriculum and also was being taught through co-curricular and extra-curricular activities. Besides, teachers must reflect in their behavior all the guiding principles of peace. They should encourage the students for critical thinking, reasoning, develop awareness on societal problems and issues, broaden their outlook, concentrate on studies, and to be associated with various activities. In Mizoram, students' unions and church organizations used to play a prominent role in shaping and moulding the character of the people starting from the early stage of life which ultimately benefits the society and the nation. However, in the context of rapid change in social structure and modernization process, there is need for inculcating the values of peace for which schools have to play important role.

Due to COVID-19, there was a sudden shift from offline campus learning to emergency remote learning. Consequently, there is little understanding of students' preferences, perceptions, and attitudes regarding online education. This research paper aims to bridge this gap through the study conducted over 3 months in three stages for business management students. Our study focuses on learning preferences, barriers, benefits, and opportunities in online learning during pandemic times. Our research has significant managerial implications. Our study concludes that making the online content more interactive, project-based, and less dependent on the live classes (by providing prerecorded lessons and notes) with clear communication of learning outcomes will benefit the students.

The COVID-19 Pandemic has forced educators to transform their teaching into online versions in a very short span of time. The study aims to throw light on the perspectives of the faculty of higher educational institutions in India in the process of transitioning to remote teaching due to COVID 19. Data were collected with the help of an online questionnaire from the faculty respondents (n=535) representing different types of educational institutions imparting higher education -- NITs, IITs, Central Universities, State Universities, and Private Universities in India. The remote teaching experiences as perceived by the faculty are a blend of both satisfying and dissatisfying elements and overall, faculty perceived remote teaching & learning as a moderately favorable experience indicating many glitches that need to be addressed in order to make online teaching a more favourable and effective experience. Furthermore, it was observed that the faculty remote teaching experiences significantly varied based on their designation, experience and academic discipline. The faculty suggested blended learning to be the best in the days to come. Blended learning will probably enable the students and the teachers to revamp both the styles of learning: Online and Face-to-Face.

In India, tobacco (nicotine) addiction among youth has increased, leading to substantial socioeconomic burdens, mortality, and morbidity. While minimal short-term nicotine consumption may have antioxidant effects, chronic exposure results in various adverse health outcomes. This study examines the impact of chronic nicotine consumption on cellular oxidative stress and psychological stress, and their correlation with Homocysteine (Hcy) levels in unemployed tobacco consumers. This case-control study included 156 healthy, educated, unemployed male volunteers aged 20–40 years, divided into nicotine-addicted (n = 80) and non-addicted (n = 76) groups. Psychological stress was assessed using perceived stress scales (PSS) and coping self-efficacy (CSE) scales. Oxidative stress markers, including Malondialdehyde (MDA), Superoxide Dismutase (SOD), and Catalase, were measured. Hcy levels were quantified using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). Nicotine-addicted participants exhibited significantly higher perceived stress (p = 0.0001) and lower coping self-efficacy (p = 0.0001) compared to non-addicted individuals. MDA levels in erythrocytes were significantly increased (p = 0.0006), while SOD (p = 0.0001) and Catalase (p = 0.02) activities were significantly decreased in the addicted group. Nicotine intake influenced Hcy concentrations, with 55% of addicted individuals falling into moderate, 27.5% into intermediate, and 7.5% into severe Hcy categories. Chronic nicotine intake also reflected the hematological parameters (WBCs, RBCs, HGB, and Platelets). Chronic tobacco consumption induces oxidative stress and perceived psychological stress, leading to elevated Hcy levels in nicotine consumers. The study highlights the detrimental effects of nicotine addiction on cellular defensive mechanisms, emphasizing the need for targeted interventions to address this growing health issue among unemployed Indian youth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present paper describes and analyses multilingualism and language use in urban Vellore. In the situation of urban Vellore, together with multilingual immigrants, multilingualism is stimulated with the business motive, to earn livelihood and for social integration. Interviews are conducted with 31 respondents who are skilled in employing at least three distinct languages in their regular communication. The study highlights the presence of different languages in Vellore's verbal repertoire. There is also a discussion of the participants' perspective on multilingualism which is mostly positive. The phenomenon of multilingualism in Vellore sometimes also stems as a survival strategy of people in their new surroundings.

Teaching is a profession in which the newly appointed teachers learn different methods of teaching skills, pedagogies of teaching and conducting research and should know the role and responsibilities of different academic leaders. The Faculty Induction Program (FIP) includes all these components. This article aims to study the perceptions of the newly appointed assistant professors or early-career faculty (ECF) regarding FIP, conducted by the Faculty Development Center (FDC) of Mizoram University, India. Out of 202 participants, 100 were selected by simple random sampling procedure. A self-constructed questionnaire was used for the collection of data. Focus group discussion was also conducted. The findings revealed that FIP conducted by the FDC was well organized. The participants benefitted by learning micro-teaching and its uses, the development of teaching-learning material, comprehensive and effective lesson planning, Bloom's taxonomy, and the constructivist teaching approach.

The impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has traumatized the entire world. COVID-19 has prompted experts to rethink the suitable pedagogies of teaching--learning that will prove to be sustainable with the global health crises going on. Blended learning is one of the models proposed by various educationalists and research scholars that appears to be a viable and best-fit solution for educational institutes for at least a period of a few months postpandemic. This study investigates the readiness of in-service teachers considering them as learners toward blended learning and its six dimensions. The results indicated that there existed a correlation among the six dimensions of blended learning while considering the readiness of in-service teachers toward blended learning. In addition, the results indicated that both male and female teachers and teachers who have and have not attended/conducted webinars/lectures/Faculty Development Programs online have had no difference in their readiness toward blended learning.

Wetlands are important habitats for bird populations and understanding the diversity and other ecological characteristics of bird species assists in managing the ecosystem. In this study, we looked at the bird diversity, abundance and habitat utilization of waterbirds in Khajuha wetland district Kushinagar, Uttar Pradesh, India. This field investigation was conducted using line transects and point counts. There were 2815 distinct birds in all, representing 45 species and 10 orders. We kept track of each species' guild, conservation status, residential status, and species abundance. Order Anseriformes displayed the highest relative diversity index, and Order Podicipediformes displayed the lowest number. The outcome of GLM analysis exhibited largest bird count in low land vegetation during winter season. While, lowest bird count in upland vegetation during pre-winter season. Besides, maximum diversity indices were noticed in winter season. Furthermore, during the pre-winter and winter seasons, low land vegetation was the most commonly used habitat. Finally, emergent vegetation was significantly utilized in post-winter. We concluded that many waterbirds reside in this wetland, and present study provides background data on the paucity of conservation attention paid to them by interested parties. Long-term follow-up studies will be helpful in identifying species-specific conservation measures for birds that depend on wetlands. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The prevalence of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and depression has witnessed a steep rise. The relationship between these two conditions has been mostly studied in Western countries. The existing literature indicates that depression is more common in T2DM. However, data regarding its association with clinical profile of diabetes is conflicting. Despite the extensive occurrence of T2DM and depression in India, research on their association is limited. Aims and Objectives: To study the prevalence of depression and its association with complications of T2DM among inpatients of T2DM in a tertiary care center in Central India. Materials and Methods: Inpatients department of Medicine was taken as study site and 120 inpatients of T2DM aged 18 to 65 years were recruited after applying strict inclusion and exclusion criteria. They were assessed for depression using structured interview and ICD-10 criteria. The severity was assessed by HAMD-17 (Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression). The complications of diabetes were assessed. Results: The prevalence of depression in T2DM patients was 24.2% (29 cases) among which mild depression was present in 62.1% cases. There was a significant positive association (p<0.05) between depression and socio-demographic variables of age, female gender, rural habitat and lower socio-economic status. There was a significant positive association between depression and duration of diabetes, BMI, serum triglyceride, serum creatinine and a significant negative association with serum HDL. Depression had a significant positive association with nephropathy and Coronary Artery Disease (CAD). Conclusion: The prevalence of depression is higher in T2DM as compared to normal population and is significantly associated with nephropathy and coronary artery disease. The findings highlight the need for timely screening of depression and integrated management approach. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: India bears the highest global burden of oral cancer, despite having an operational tobacco cessation framework. Occupational groups like solid waste management personnel face significant health challenges due to prevalent tobacco use, leading to oral potentially malignant lesions and oral cancer. Enhanced tobacco control strategies are essential for these groups. Methods: A pre-post interventional, community-based study enrolled 1200 municipal workers in Varanasi, India, from July 2022 to August 2023. 858 tobacco users underwent screening and were randomly assigned to one of three interventions: Very Brief Advice, Individual Behavioral Counseling, or Group Behavioral Therapy. Follow-up was conducted one year after the baseline interventions Effectiveness was measured by nicotine dependence reduction using the Fagerstrom Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND) scores and cessation rates defined as at least 6-month abstinence. Appropriate statistical tests assessed the burden of tobacco use, oral potentially malignant lesions, and pre-post differences in FTND scores within and between groups. A p-value of < 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Municipal workers exhibited a high prevalence (71.5%) of smokeless tobacco (SLT) use. One-third (32.9%) of the participants screened positive for oral potentially malignant lesions and oral cancer. Leukoplakia was the most common lesion. Screened positivity correlated with significant nicotine dependence. Among 494 follow-up participants, 47.1% reported a significant reduction in nicotine dependence across all intervention groups. Quade's ANCOVA indicated significant differences in post-test FTND scores, with individual behavioral counselling showing the greatest reduction. However, no cessation was achieved in any group despite the significant decline in dependence. Conclusion: Solid waste management personnel in Varanasi show heightened SLT use and associated oral potentially malignant lesions. The persistent tobacco use in these high-risk occupational populations undermines government tobacco control efforts and highlights the need for robust policy and implementation strategies. The study demonstrated a significant reduction in nicotine dependence following interventions, though tobacco cessation was not achieved. More frequent interventions and addressing quitting barriers—such as cultural norms, lack of awareness, easy accessibility, and adverse working conditions—are crucial. Developing a tailored workplace model to tackle tobacco use in occupational settings may facilitate cessation. Clinical trial registration number: Trial registration Clinical Trials Registry India CTRI/2020/07/026479. Date of registration 10/07/2020. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To assess the efficacy of continuous contactless vital signs monitoring with an automated Early Warning System (EWS) in detecting clinical deterioration among patients in general wards. Methods: A prospective observational cohort study was conducted in the medical unit of a tertiary care hospital in India, involving 706 patients over 84,448 monitoring hours. The study used a contactless ballistocardiography system (Dozee system) to continuously monitor heart rate, respiratory rate, and blood pressure. The study assessed total, mean, and median alerts at 24, 48, 72, 96, 120 h, and length of stay (LOS) before patient deterioration or discharge. It analyzed alert sensitivity and specificity, average time from initial alert to deterioration, and healthcare practitioners (HCP) activity. Study was registered with the Clinical Trials Registry-India CTRI/2022/10/046404. Results: Out of 706 patients, 33 (5%) experienced clinical deterioration, while 673 (95%) did not. The deterioration group consistently had a higher number of alerts compared to those who were discharged normally, across all time-points. On average, the time between the initial alert and clinical deterioration was 16 h within the last 24 h preceding the event. The sensitivity of the Dozee-EWS varied between 67% and 94%. HCP spend 10% of their time on vital signs check and documentation. Conclusions: This study suggests that utilizing contactless continuous vital signs monitoring with Dozee-EWS in general ward holds promise for enhancing the early detection of clinical deterioration. Further research is essential to evaluate the effectiveness across a wider range of clinical settings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India launched the Ayushman Bharat Digital Mission (ABDM) in 2021 to strengthen the digital health ecosystem by developing and integrating health data records and registries. We apply the health system control knob framework to assess the progress of ABDM by analyzing five indicators. Data from the ABDM dashboard reveal notable progress in beneficiary registration (400 million, as of June 3, 2023) and health records linkage (273 million). The registrations of over 208,000 health facilities and 190,000 health care professionals have been verified by ABDM. However, inter-state variation in progress is significant, particularly in health facility and health professional registration. Going forward, ABDM should expand its strategic framework to ensure that more health facilities and health professionals are registered, as registration is important to influence the payment, organization, and regulation control knobs. These actions are related to the achievement of final health system goals: improved health status, financial risk protection, and beneficiary satisfaction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Floods in India are recurring natural disasters resulting from extreme precipitation during the summer monsoon season (June–September). The recent flood in North India in July 2023 caused substantial damage to lives, agriculture, and infrastructure. However, what led to the 2023 North India flood and the role of atmospheric and land drivers still need to be examined. Using in situ observations, satellite data, and ERA5 reanalysis combined with hydrological and hydrodynamical modeling, we examine the role of land and atmospheric drivers in flood occurrence and its impacts. Extreme precipitation in a large region during 7–10 July 2023 created favorable conditions for the flood in the hilly terrains and plains of north India. More than 300 mm of precipitation fell in just 4 days, which was eight times higher than the long‐term average (2001–2022). Anomalously high moisture transport over northern India was recorded on 7 July 2023, making atmospheric conditions favorable for intense landfall. Increased column water vapor and specific humidity at different pressure levels confirmed the continuous moisture presence before the extreme rainfall that caused floods in northern India from 7 to 12 July 2023. Atmospheric and land (high antecedent soil moisture) conditions contributed to a more than 200% rise in streamflow at several gauge stations. Satellite‐based flood extent shows a considerable flood inundation that caused damage in the Sutlej and Yamuna River basins. Our findings highlight the crucial role of the favorable land and atmospheric conditions that caused floods and flash floods in north India in July 2023. Plain Language Summary: In July 2023, North India experienced a severe flood that caused significant damage to lives, agriculture, and infrastructure. However, the exact causes of this flood have yet to be examined. Using in situ, satellite, and reanalysis data, we examined the drivers of the flood. Favorable atmospheric and land conditions created a unique situation that led to a significant flood in north India. For instance, extreme precipitation during 7–10 July enhanced antecedent soil moisture conditions in the hilly and plain regions. Anomalously high moisture transport caused intense rainfall, which, combined with high soil moisture, produced high runoff and streamflow conditions. Flood inundation caused damage to the Sutlaj and Yamuna river basins. Our findings show the need to monitor soil moisture and atmospheric processes for early warning of floods in hilly regions. Key Points: The flood in North India in July 2023 caused substantial damage to lives, agriculture, and infrastructureAnomalously high moisture transport over northern India created atmospheric conditions favorable for intense landfallHigh antecedent soil moisture and extreme precipitation caused the north India flood in 2023 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Considering the dynamic influence of environmental, social, economic, and political factors in the emergence and growth of the BRICS countries (Brazil, Russia, India, China, and South Africa) over the years and pre-existing differences, the adverse effects of air pollution on the health and well-being of the people have remained major areas of academic inquiry and policy interventions. The present study examines the global trend of deaths and Disability Adjusted Life Years (DALYs) attributable to air pollution with particular reference to the BRICS countries for the period 1990 to 2019. Methods: This study has used the global burden of disease estimates by using different rounds of the Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study report published by the Institute of Health Metrics Evaluation. This study has calculated the cause of death and DALYs due to environmental risk factors (i.e. Air pollution). Data analysis has been done by using the standard formula for the calculation of death (mortality) rate and DALYs rate. Similarly, we calculated the age and gender-wise death and DALYs rate by using the appropriate numerator and denominator. Results: The study discovered a significant shift in disease patterns over this period, as communicable diseases like respiratory infections and tuberculosis were replaced by non-communicable diseases such as ischemic heart disease (17.2 million), chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (14.59 million), and stroke (17.02 million) as the primary causes of air pollution-related deaths in 2019 at the global level. Additionally, the study identified a worrying increase in deaths linked to neonatal disorders and respiratory infections caused by ambient particulate matter pollution in South Africa, India, and Brazil. The impact of air pollution on public health is evident across different age groups and genders, with people aged 50-69 years, those aged 70 and above, and children under 5 years being more vulnerable. Furthermore, the male population is disproportionately affected by communicable and noncommunicable diseases caused by air pollution. Conclusion: The study highlights the need for policymakers to implement evidence-based interventions to tackle this global health problem. The interventions should aim to reduce the emerging crisis of non-communicable diseases related to air pollution, particularly among vulnerable age groups and the male population, ultimately improving public health outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Clinical trials play a crucial role in biomedical research, and it is important to register them in public registries to ensure transparency and prevent research waste. In this study, we wished to determine what steps need to be taken to identify every clinical trial run in India that has been registered in any of the (non-Indian) World Health Organization-recognised primary registries. Of the 16 registries, we studied all except that of the European Union, which will be studied separately. Methods: Two methodologies were employed for each registry, except for four that did not facilitate one or the other method. Methodology A involved downloading all the records in a registry and querying them. Methodology B involved conducting a search via the registry website. Results: Only four registries provided consistent results with both methodologies. Seven registries had different results from the two methodologies. Of these, in four cases, in Methodology A one field indicated that the study ran in India, while another indicated otherwise. Conclusions: The above-mentioned ambiguities should be addressed by the concerned registries. Overall, this study reinforces the need for improved data accuracy and transparency in clinical trial registries and emphasizes the importance of resolving complications faced by users while navigating the registries. Ensuring accurate and comprehensive registration of clinical trials is essential for meta-research and the use of such data by a variety of stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since 2000, Clouds and the Earth's Radiant Energy System (CERES) instruments on Aqua and Terra satellites have recorded top-of-atmosphere (TOA) clear-sky outgoing radiation fluxes. Over northwest India, analysis of these two decades of data revealed significant negative trends in reflected shortwave radiation, indicating positive shortwave radiative forcing. To understand the drivers of this trend, we investigate changes in the surface reflectance, aerosol optical depth (AOD), Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), and land surface temperature from MODIS observations during the same period. We find decreasing trends in surface reflectance and AOD, while NDVI shows a pronounced increase. Notably, despite positive shortwave radiative forcing, daytime land surface temperature exhibits a significant decrease, with only a slight nighttime increase. Sensitivity analysis using a radiative transfer model identifies decrease in the surface reflectance as the primary contributor to the decrease in TOA shortwave fluxes. This suggests that the observed greening, potentially linked to expanded irrigation projects, has played a crucial role by reducing both surface reflectance and aerosol production. Our findings highlight the potential for increasing vegetation as a locally effective strategy to mitigate the effects of global warming through enhanced evapotranspiration process, even in the presence of positive shortwave radiative forcing. Investigating regional climate trends is vital for understanding and quantifying climate change; these results highlight the need for future climate change impact studies to consider interplay between vegetation dynamics and regional climate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Servant leadership has emerged as a novel area of Management research. One of the most debated leadership styles is servant leadership, which indicates that a person must first be a human and then a leader. This literature review comprehensively examines the historical origins of servant leadership, its core attributes, the measurements that have been developed, and the findings obtained from pertinent empirical investigations. The primary objective of the present paper is to study the leadership style using various analyses, evaluations, and research from available sources to identify proposed facts about leadership activities using bibliometric analysis of servant leadership theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective To study the frequency of microbiological etiology of respiratory infections in patients with long COVID and their associated clinical and radiological findings. Methods Nasopharyngeal swabs and sputum specimens were collected from 97 patients with respiratory illness stemming from long COVID. The specimens were assessed for their microbiological profile (bacteria and virus) and their association with the overall clinical and radiological picture. Results In total, 23 (24%) patients with long COVID had viral infection (n = 12), bacterial infection (n = 9), or coinfection (n = 2). Microorganisms were detected at significantly higher rates in hospitalized patients, patients with moderate COVID-19, and patients with asthma (P <.05). Tachycardia (65%) was the most common symptom at presentation. A statistically significant number of patients with long COVID who had viral infection presented with cough and myalgia; and a statistically significant number of patients with long COVID who had bacterial infection presented with productive coughing (P <.05). Post-COVID fibrotic changes were found in 61% of cohort patients (31/51). Conclusion A decreasing trend of respiratory pathogens (enveloped viruses and bacteria) was found in long COVID. An analysis including a larger group of viral- or bacterial-infected patients with long COVID is needed to obtain high-level evidence on the presenting symptoms (cough, myalgia) and their association with the underlying comorbidities and severity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Limited data exist on interphase fluorescent in situ hybridization (iFISH)-based survival outcomes in newly diagnosed multiple myeloma (NDMM) from India. Objectives: To study the demographics and iFISH-based survival outcomes in NDMM patients treated with proteasome inhibitors from a community-based cancer setup. Materials and Methods: We reviewed the records of 25 patients treated with proteasome inhibitors between June 2017 and April 2023 using five high-risk (HR) iFISH markers based on mSMART 3.0. Results: The median age was 60 years (range 34–87). HR iFISH was detected in 12 (48%) patients. With a median follow-up of 27 months, the overall response at the last follow-up was 80% (very good partial response - 52%, complete remission - 20%, and partial response - 8%), with 8 (32%) relapses. Twenty (80%) patients remain alive, with five deaths in HR (sepsis [ n = 3]). The 2.5-year overall survival in HR and standard risk was 55.6% ± 15.2% and 100% (P = 0.01), and event-free survival was 32.4% ± 16.5% and 77.8% ± 13.8% (P = 0.02), respectively. Conclusions: Using limited iFISH HR markers helps in the early and effective stratification of NDMM in the real world. Sepsis remains an important cause of mortality in an Indian setup. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: The objective of our study was to examine the clinical characteristics and underlying risk factors of acute ischemic stroke in patients aged 18–45. Materials and Methods: We prospectively studied etiology of patients aged 18–45 with acute ischemic stroke presenting to our hospital from September to December of the following year. We aimed for 80% statistical power at a 5% significance level with a precision of 0.15, which led us to a calculated sample size of 39. Results: Fifty patients were observed. The main risk factors identified were alcohol use (36%), smoking (30%), and hypertension (22%). Prothrombotic states were found to be a significant risk factor in cases where the stroke's origin was undetermined. The most common stroke subtype was large-artery atherosclerosis, which was followed by strokes with other underlying causes. There was a statistically significant association between hypertension and ischemic stroke subtypes (P = 0.01). Hypertension was associated with small-vessel disease (92.3%) and strokes with undetermined causes (56.5%), with P = 0.023 and P <0.001, respectively. Conclusions: Hypertension was associated with multiple stroke subtypes in young individuals. Therefore, it is essential to strictly control hypertension through antihypertensive therapy and lifestyle changes. As alcohol use and smoking are becoming more prevalent among young individuals, early implementation of awareness programs targeting primary stroke prevention is highly desirable. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Dyslipidemia is a critical risk factor for cardiovascular disease. This study investigated the impact of 500 mg of spilanthol (SA3X) supplementation on lipid profiles in men with dyslipidemia using a randomized, parallel-group, placebo-controlled design. A total of 279 male participants were randomly allocated to one of four groups: SA3X without exercise, placebo without exercise, SA3X with exercise, and placebo with exercise. After a one-month control period, participants received SA3X capsules or placebo for three months. The exercise groups undertook standardized weight-lifting exercises four times weekly. Lipid profiles, biochemical parameters, and anthropometric measurements were monitored throughout and after the intervention. Both SA3X groups exhibited significant reductions in total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) compared to the placebo groups. By day 90, the SA3X-no-exercise group showed a 16.78 % decrease in TC, while the SA3X-plus-exercise group demonstrated a 52.87 % decrease compared to placebo. Significant reductions in TG and LDL-C were noted at days 60 and 90 (p=0.01 and p=0.03, respectively). The SA3X-plus-exercise group also exhibited decreased random blood sugar levels at days 60 and 90 compared to placebo-plus-exercise. Moreover, decreases in C-reactive protein, creatine kinase, and serum creatinine levels were observed. SA3X supplementation, particularly when combined with exercise, effectively improved lipid profiles and various health markers in men with dyslipidemia. Adverse events, primarily taste disturbance, were mild. These findings suggest SA3X may be a promising adjunctive therapy for managing dyslipidemia, emphasizing its potential cardiovascular health benefits and supporting further investigation. CTRI/2021/05/033694; May 2021. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the high demand for fossil fuels, exploring the frontier areas for hydrocarbon reserves has become imperative. The recent discoveries in Gojalia, Sonamura, Baramura, and Sundalbari fields emphasize the need to explore additional anticlinal structures in Tripura for hydrocarbon exploration. Tulamura anticline (the study area) produced gas from Upper Bhuban, establishing hydrocarbon prospectivity in the northern part, but the southern part remains largely unexplored. An electro-log interpretation revealed the presence of sand facies deposited in a fining upward sequence, suggesting channel deposition. An integrated geophysical approach using seismic inversion and machine learning techniques was performed to delineate and characterize the litho-facies dispersal patterns in the Tulamura field. Spectral decomposition (12, 20 and 28 Hz) of stacked seismic data were RGB (red-green-blue) blended, revealing the southward striking channel geometry of the Bhuban Formation at a depth of 2220 m. The 3D P-impedance and Vp/Vs ratio volumes were estimated using the model-based pre-stack seismic inversion. Inversion results help discriminate among sand, shale and siltstone litho-facies. Petrophysical property (effective porosity) was predicted by combining the post-stack seismic attributes and well-log data using neural network modelling. The identified sand facies within the channel geometry exhibit relatively moderate to low P-impedance (9800–10600 m/s * gm/cm3), low Vp/Vs ratio (1.68–1.76), and moderately high effective porosity (8–13%) from surroundings, indicating favourable conditions for hydrocarbon accumulations. Shale between channels and major faults can create favourable stratigraphic entrapment, while an upward fining sequence suggests an intact top seal. This study advocates an integrated approach involving geophysical inversion and machine learning to identify optimal conditions for hydrocarbon accumulation within sand facies, supported by structural and stratigraphic entrapment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper describes the entire methodology for the development of a scale to measure Attitude towards Open Educational Resources (ATOER). Traditionally, it is observed that some teachers are more willing to share their work than others, indicating the need to understand teachers' psychological and behavioural determinants that influence use of OER. The paper presents the methodological rigour in the development of the 17 items two-factor scale that is valid and reliable to measure attitude towards OER. The psychometric properties of the scale include: Content Validity Ratio = 0.9 and Cronbach a = 0.897 with strong inter-items correlation. The two-factors attitude construct in the scale was also subjected to a good model fit using Structural Equation Modelling, which revealed a mediocre fit with 0.8 Root Mean Square Error Approximation value and the chi-square to degree of freedom ratio below 3. We also discuss the significance of the scale and how to use it with other variables effectively in different contexts to help develop appropriate strategies for promoting the use of OER in educational institutions.

Oversupply of higher education services in emerging countries, like India, implies an ever-increasing cost of student acquisition despite large student populations. Hence, creating trust through effective service delivery supported with full institutional commitment remains the only way to create student loyalty and bring the subsequent acquisition costs down. This study investigates the impact of four dimensions of brand trust, namely reliability, credibility, benevolence and integrity, on students' loyalty, and the mediating role played by institutional commitment for this relationship. Results show that reliability is the strongest direct determinant of loyalty followed by integrity, while benevolence can lead to loyalty only if the commitment is evident. These, as well as other interesting findings, have direct implications for top management/administrator of a higher education institute (HEI) in the form of specific emphasis to elements of trust for creating higher student loyalty.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper was to analyse the research trends on the Indian Open and Distance Education (ODE) system as reflected in the articles published in the prominent journals of distance education across the world. Design/methodology/approach: A study was undertaken to review the research articles on ODE in India published in 11 prominent peer-reviewed journals of distance education during the period 2010-2019. Content analysis was done to find out areas of research undertaken in the ODE of India based on a validated classification of research areas; types of research studies conducted; and authorship and publication patterns. Findings: Out of a total of 2,571 articles published in 11 selected journals, only 191 (7.42%) pertained to ODE in India. The majority of these 191 articles (68.42%) were published in Indian journals. The Indian and Asian journals together accounted for 93.55% of total articles. Globally, the share of articles on the Indian ODE system was significantly low ranging between 4.27 and a maximum of 10.77%, which was much below expectations from a country having the maximum number of ODE learners in the world. Results further revealed that 63% of the contributors to research on ODE in India were affiliated to Indira Gandhi National Open University. Research limitations/implications: The limitation of this study was only analysing the research articles published in journals of distance education and other types of articles, namely, book reviews, editorials, field notes and workshop reports were excluded from the analysis. Practical implications: The study is intended to help researchers, policymakers, and open and distance education institutions to draw a roadmap for the promotion and conduct of system-based research, which would be vital for strengthening the system. Social implications: The quantum of research is not proportionate to the number of faculty members working in the ODE system of India and the large number of learners that it serves, which is a matter of concern. For any system to grow its periodic systemic review is essential. The research outcomes need to be ploughed back into the system for its betterment. Originality/value: The study is original. There is no such study undertaken till date. This study will be extremely useful to researchers, as the gaps in distance education research which are yet to be addressed, have been identified by the authors.

Purpose: The study was undertaken to look into the clinicodemographic profile, management, and clinical outcomes of advanced retinoblastoma at a tertiary care center. Methods: A prospective cohort study was conducted from Jan 2019 to Dec 2022. Forty-two patients of intraocular advanced retinoblastoma were assessed. The treatment protocol was formulated based on size, extension of tumor, and laterality. Primary outcome measure was response to the treatment in terms of regression of tumor and seeds and no evidence of recurrence after 12 month in enucleated eyes. Secondary outcome measures were complications like implant exposure, metastasis, and death associated with each treatment modality. Results: The mean age of the study group was 13 months. The most common presentation was leukocoria with diminished vision. Most of the patients had group E retinoblastoma (n = 40, 95%) as per the International Classification of Retinoblastoma. In 12 patients with group E retinoblastoma, primary enucleation was performed and in six patients, secondary enucleation was done, in which initially, globe salvage treatment was tried. In 30 patients, globe salvage treatment was attempted and we could manage to save 23 eyes. The most common treatment modality was intra-arterial chemotherapy using a triple-drug regimen. One patient developed intracranial spread and died due to systemic metastasis during the follow-up period. Conclusion: The current study showed that globe salvage is possible in advanced retinoblastoma if appropriate therapy is instituted depending upon the extent of the tumor and availability of latest treatment modalities. Intra-arterial chemotherapy using triple drugs can be offered as a first-line therapy in advanced unilateral retinoblastoma as it has been found to be very effective in the present study. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to understand the genetics of tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV) in the identified novel source of resistance from Indian melon germplasm DSM-19 (Cucumis melo var. momordica) as viral diseases in muskmelon cause significant economic yield loss. To achieve this, a cross was made between the highly susceptible genotype Pusa Sarda (C. melo var. inodorus), known for its desirable fruit characters, and the resistant source DSM-19 to generate the suitable populations for inheritance study. These populations were screened under natural epiphytotic conditions and further validated through challenge inoculation with viruliferous whiteflies. The inheritance of ToLCNDV resistance in snapmelon germplasm DSM-19 was identified as monogenic recessive in both the screening methods. Moreover, a cleaved amplified polymorphic sequence (CAPS) marker named 'CAPS 16 (2)' was designed near to SNP marker D16 located on chromosome 11 of melon, and it was found to be linked to the ToLCNDV resistance gene in DSM-19. This is the first report on genetics of ToLCNDV resistance in snapmelon germplasm from India. Snapmelon line DSM-19 can be used as a source for fine mapping and introgression of the ToLCNDV resistance into susceptible muskmelon cultivars. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Employee performance achievement, ensuring job satisfaction, reducing work related stress, and minimizing job insecurity are the important pressing issues in human resource management. Work stress has become a ubiquitous aspect of contemporary work environment and Indian workforce is also suffering from increased job insecurity. This research examines effect of psychological capital (PsyCap) on stress, job satisfaction, job insecurity, and employee performance. It also examines the ecological validity of PsyCap construct in the Indian socio-cultural system with reference to employee performance and job satisfaction. This research was done on a sample of 300 employees working in life insurance and telecom organizations in the private sector. Findings revealed that PsyCap has a positive association with employee performance and job satisfaction but inversely related to job insecurity and stress. The paper discusses managerial implications and offers theoretical contributions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Pediatric endocrine disorders requiring surgical intervention are rare and so are experienced surgeons dealing with these. The aim of the current study was to investigate disease profile and perioperative outcome of pediatric patients with surgical endocrine disorders in an endocrine surgery unit. Methods: This retrospective study (Sep 1989–Aug 2019) consisted of pediatric endocrine surgery patients (<18 years) who were managed by a team of pediatric endocrinologists and endocrine surgeons at our center. Patients were divided into three cohorts consisting of a decade each. Clinico‐pathologic variables, perioperative events operative and follow‐up details were recorded. Results: A total of 332 children were included and their mean age was 14.6 ± 3.9 years (M:F = 1:1.6). Thyroid disorders were most prevalent (59.8%), followed by adrenal (28.2%), parathyroid (10.4%), and pancreas (1.5%). Incidence of benign, malignant, and congenital/developmental disorders were 65.4, 28.1 and 8.3, respectively. Familial association was observed in 8.9% children, which is highest among pheochromocytoma patients. Overall, 201 thyroidectomies + associated procedures, 35 parathyroidectomies, 96 adrenal and paraganglioma resections, and 5 pancreatic procedures were performed. Median hospital stay was 5.6 ± 4.1 days. The number of cases increased significantly over 3 decades. Clinical profile and outcome did not vary except for significant decrease in incidence of malignant pathology (p = 0.04) and increase in VHL cases (p = 0.04) in the last decade though overall increase in familial cases was nonsignificant (p = 0.11). No perioperative mortality was observed except for 3% after adrenalectomy. Conclusion: A team of dedicated endocrine surgeons and pediatric endocrinologists is effective in management of pediatric endocrine surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The media ecosystem of the post-truth era is shaped by several unprecedented elements--the pitfalls of the personalized/networked media, the cherry picking tendencies of news producers in an attention economy, the propagandist power-elite, and the gullible support of the semi-literate media audience. These post-truth realities also call for new approaches in journalism education to address phenomena like fake news. In this backdrop, this study examines the existing issues in Indian journalism training based on a thematic analysis of focus group discussions with graduate students of journalism at an Indian university about their perception of fake news. It recommends pedagogical approaches to focus on improving journalistic agency in students to deal with fake news situations.

This paper analyses how community, national and ethnic identities are affirmed, negotiated, marginalized as a part of hegemony-making and resistance in the context of English education in Indian universities. We argue and demonstrate that a complex and ambivalent hegemony that has been operational since the colonial times, continues to shape English education in India. Today, English and English education play a major role in articulating, binding and dividing multiple identities and knowledge systems. In the first part of the paper, we critically review debates and discussions on the significance of English language education in institutes of higher education in India. Specifically, we focus on discourses on the rationale behind continuing and contesting English education. The second part examines how in the postmodern context, English is being taught differently to different groups and highlights how these contexts of teaching have been defining knowledge systems, patterns of dominance and also, articulating resistance.

The purpose of this study is to explore and investigate the perception of faculty on Digital Information Literacy (DIL) and their skills and competencies in using digital information in an Indian University. In this study, special focus has been on Sambalpur University (SU) in the state of Odisha. Furthermore, this study has enlightened various types of DIL skills and competencies required for faculty members of Information Communication Technology, constraints affecting related skills, competencies, and suggested suitable measures to meet challenges in University libraries. The study has provided direction for information professionals to meet the challenges and demands of the information requirements of faculty members from the University by adopting innovative solutions through evidence-based practices.

Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to examine whether satisfaction of employers with skill competencies of fresh engineering graduates (EGs) in India is impacted by their expectations and perceptions. Applying Expectation Confirmation Theory (ECT), the authors have also proposed and tested whether such effects on employers' satisfaction are mediated by (dis)confirmation. Design/methodology/approach: Data were collected through a survey of employers' representatives using a structured questionnaire. The proposed mediation model has been tested on a sample of 284 with Confirmatory Factor Analysis by applying structural equation modelling in AMOS. Findings: The structural model has been constructed with six latent constructs in accordance with extant literature. Excluding some observed variables, the structural model was found to have a good model fit. The measurement model is in accordance with ECT. Three of the four independent variables (two related to employers' expectations and one to employers' perception) exert significant influence on employers' satisfaction, with (dis)confirmation as a mediator. Practical implications: Industry-academia partnerships need to be an integral feature of any curriculum to bridge the gap between course curricula on one hand and employers' expectations and perceptions on the other. Originality/value: Past research on employability of EGs has mostly explored a direct association between employers' perception and satisfaction. The authors study contributes to literature by examining the role of employers' expectations in addition to their perception as precursors of their satisfaction, using the framework of ECT. Outcomes reported are of relevance to multiple stakeholders in technical education.

India is one of the fastest growing major economies and has a burgeoning young workforce. The average age in India will be 29 years by 2020. Given the limitations of absorbing growing labor force-- especially the unskilled and semi-skilled-- in service sector, focus has to be on spurring manufacturing growth to take advantage of this large pool of manpower. The 'Make in India' has a grand vision of creating 100 million jobs by 2021. This ambitious program is designed to turn the subcontinent into a'global manufacturing hub' and increase jobs by providing afresh impetus to the economy. Running high on this momentum, the government has initiated several policies such as 'Skill India' and 'Digital India' to complement 'Make in India'. Attempting to tap this aggressive policy push, stakeholders are focusing on developing right skills to address the growing skill gap in various manufacturing sectors in the context of changing industrial landscape defined by new-age technologies. This chapter will present India's perspective on how country is working towards developing a cohesive environment for 'new-age' manufacturing and 'future ready' manpower.

Information integration is great for military operations because the range of pertinent information sources is significantly distinct and dynamic. This article develops an intelligent knowledge treasure comprised of military resource ontology and procedures, as a learning model for better interoperability of heterogeneous resources of the Indian military. This model can interpret and learn the context of military information automatically, thereby facilitating the military commanders with decision making in several operations, such as command and control, teaching and training, military coalition, situation awareness and many more. To design the military resource ontology, this article specifies the core concepts of the ontology based on terms derived from heterogeneous resources. WWW standard ontology language, OWL has been used to codify the ontology. This article develops an intelligent tool--"QueryOnto"--as an interface to the military resource ontology that provides a commander decision support service and demonstrates how to apply the military ontology in practice. The developed ontology has been verified and validated with the best known approaches and metrics available. The presented model is helpful for military commanders to train their juniors in a systematic way and will provide an efficient web-based learning of different military tasks in future.

Adopting green and sustainable production practices is crucial for addressing growing environmental challenges and achieving economic and social benefits in developing countries like India. However, such approaches often involve costs, necessitating a re-examination of the relationship between corporate environmental responsibility (CER) and corporate financial performance (CFP). The existing studies on CER in Indian firms and the associated environmental regulations lack establishing an empirical relationship between CER and CFP. Furthermore, the global literature similarly lacks a decisive consensus, often exhibiting indeterminate outcomes concerning the positive impact of CER on CFP. This study systematically reviews literature published from 2000 to 2024 to examine the influence of CER on the CFP of Indian firms, focusing on the following research questions: (i) What is the relationship between CER and CFP of Indian firms? (ii) Are Indian firms prioritizing CER likely to achieve better CFP? (iii) Which specific dimensions of CFP of Indian firms are influenced by CER? Three scholarly search engines were used to identify studies based on a well-formulated search string, with the SLR guided by PRISMA following document search, article screening, and data extraction processes. The results indicate a positive relationship between CER and CFP, with significant improvements in environmental outcomes. Returns on investment emerges as a common indicator of CFP, showing a significant positive impact from CER practices. While studies have used a wide range of CER indicators, the reduction and recycling of waste are found to play a prominent role in improving CFP. This finding has important policy implications for sustainable development and the environment, as the government of India encourages firms to adopt waste-to-wealth practices. Policymakers should particularly focus on small and medium-sized firms that are either reluctant to adopt environmental measures or fear reduced financial performance due to a lack of financial support. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Integration of Interprofessional Education (IPE) into the health sciences curriculum has been recommended over the past several decades to prepare healthcare professionals for future collaborative practice. However, due to the disparity in the adoption of IPE, this literature review attempted to examine the development of IPE and its implementation in global and Indian contexts. IPE has evolved from being fragmented and isolated initiatives to entering into the mainstream of professional education. In terms of IPE implementation, the global scan revealed that IPE was implemented in several countries to varying degrees; however, developing countries lagged behind developed countries in implementing and sustaining IPE. Scarce evidence was found regarding the implementation of IPE in India. The literature review elaborates on the transformation of health professions education from the traditional system to IPE and discusses the gap in the adoption and implementation of IPE in developing countries, including India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]