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This manuscript provides low-cost smart irrigation for agricultural land using IoT. For irrigation purposes, using a farmland manual system is time-consuming and risky. Agriculture is the most important occupation in India because villagers are primarily dependent on agriculture. We offer a solution to overcome traditional shortcomings. Farmland houses are Embedded by sensors through the node's microcontroller MCU. The statistics are handled with the microcontroller and sent to the cloud server. It acts as a bridge to send statistics through cell phones. The valve is activated using information acquired from signals sent to a cell phone. This increases performance and saves a lot of water. The hardware configuration becomes advanced and is examined within the farmland. The advantage is that the yields get enhanced for farmers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

India is among the nations also with the greatest populations. One of India's biggest problems has continued to be health misinformation due to overcrowding. Death occurs every minute as a result of unforeseen and unplanned situations. Saving a life is lucky and good. Using the stretcher's embedded microcontrollers and sensors, a smart, intelligent healthcare system will be created. In the event of an accident, it will determine the condition of the corpse and send that information to the hospital in addition to sending a server-based alert to the closest police station to avoid any potential legal issues. If this process is followed, critical care units in hospitals can have their physical requirements improved before patients arrive, potentially saving many lives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Air pollution has become one of the environmental concerns in recent years due to its harmful threats to human health. To inform people about the air quality in their living areas, it is essential to measure the extent of pollution in the atmosphere. Air pollution sensors are assembled at static, fixed-site measurement monitoring stations to acquire data. The data can be processed at the fixed stations or transmitted to the server to predict the Air Quality Index (AQI). Some previous studies applied machine learning algorithms to predict the AQI. Even though those works showed good performance on specific data, the results are not consistent on different datasets. Moreover, to serve the need for low-cost AQI tracking and prediction, lightweight machine learning algorithms can be directly integrated into microcontroller hardware systems. This study proposed a new method that combines (i) air pollution data processing techniques and (ii) lightweight machine learning algorithms to enhance the AQI predicting performance. Three algorithms, namely Decision Tree, Random Forest, and XGBoost, were compared via three evaluation metrics: MAE, RMSE, and R2 to propose the best model in AQI prediction. Two different public datasets, which were both collected in different regions in India were used to verify our proposed method. XGBoost outperformed in predicting the AQI values. Thus, XGBoost is selected for the low-cost AQI prediction device assembled at fixed-site measurement stations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In India, water contamination is a serious environmental issue. Untreated sewage is typically the main cause of water contamination in India. Protecting water quality for sustainable livelihoods and poverty reduction becomes a greatest challenge with the technological change and population growth. Measurement of Water Quantity and Real Time Monitoring becomes mandate to advance the water stewardship. In this paper, to keep track of the quality, smart water quality monitoring system(Ph, temperature, turbidity) and analysing of water quantity (flow or level) based on IOT is proposed for the study area of Okkiyam Maduvu, watershed in Chennai. This system is implemented using various sensors to measure the water quality like Ph, temperature, turbidity sensor and for analysing water water quantity used flow or level sensors. All these sensors are controlled by using the microcontroller - Arduino ESP32. This proposed system is placed in the study area Okkiyam Maduvu watershed to monitor water quality and quantity and visualized those sensed data using the IOT platform through Blynk App. This helps to know the water level and its quality of Okkiyam Maduvu watershed and it helps to take necessary precaution if the water quality is reduced and its level raised beyond the level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Monitoring indoor air quality stays needed for human health because people use more than 95% of air in their indoor rooms. An Intelligent Internal Air Quality Monitoring (IIAQM) system built on the Internet of Things (IoT) devices has been developed and tested in Quantanics Techserv Private Limited, Tamilnadu, India. To monitor the levels of CO2, PM2.5 (Particle Matters 2.5), and moisture measurement, the IIAQM model has been used to monitor the present level of air quality. The gateway collects IIAQM sensor data in a few seconds and transfers data to cloud server. Approved users can incorporate the cloud systems through mobile applications or web servers. Installation of sensor networks, instrument transformers, and IoT-powered microcontrollers will provide air quality monitoring for buildings. The proposed window controller configuration is designed with the help of a Recurrent Neural Network (RNN) to predict the air quality level in advance. If the air quality level is above the normal level, the window controller automatically will open with the help of sensor activity control system. After the AQI (Air Quality Index) becomes normal, hence the window controller is closed automatically. The air quality index, CO2, and humidity data are visualized on the Grafana dashboard. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Swatch Bharat Abhiyan, which was established by our honorable Prime Minister Narendra Modi, sought to improve sanitation in rural and urban regions to improve inhabitants' quality of life. As a result, one step toward cleanliness was made by combining technology with a social reason. Humanity has begun to face far more obstacles than it used to as a result of expanding population and urbanization. As a result, waste management has become a problem that must be addressed more effectively. There is no effective garbage collection planning in place in the current systems. As a result, this proposed system has been built to manage garbage collections utilizing a MicroController Embedded System (MES), to maintain societal cleanliness, lower environmental pollution, and managing a pollution-free hygienic environment. This system is based on a mechanism in which if the bins fill up to a specific level, an alert is sent to the appropriate authorities, preventing the rubbish from overflowing. This also keeps track of the amount of hazardous gases emitted by waste. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renewable energy presently occupies a prominent position in India's overall energy generation scheme. In the midst of numerous alternative energy resources, solar energy is widely used as it persists in large volumes with varying specification ratings. It is suited for both stand-alone and grid-coupled application. The Maximum Power Tracking (MPPT) scheme has a profound effect on the operating efficiency of a Photovoltaic (PV) power plant. This paper proposes an inventive hybridized Human Psychology Optimization-Perturb and Observation (HPO-PO) MPPT approach for obtaining the optimal duty cycle of the boost converter to harvest global maxima from a grid-connected Total Cost Tied (TCT) configured PV array of 4080 W. The suggested method provides enriched performance both in steady-state, as well as in rapid and randomly changing weather conditions. Comparison studies of various MPPT procedures, including Perturbation and Observation (PO), Artificial Bee Colony (ABC), and Human Psychology Optimization (HPO) in MATLAB environment, illustrate the usefulness of the evoked system in meeting its goals. The suggested MPPT procedure has offered enhanced activities in terms of voltage quality, maximum power tracking capability, and converter efficiency compared to other methods. The recommended hybridized MPPT approach is experimentally validated on a hardware set-up using a 16-bit dsPIC30F2010 Digital Signal Controller in enhancing the behavior of the grid-connected PV system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The thermal and electrical performance of the solar photovoltaic (PV) panel of a solar photovoltaic thermal (PVT) air system is determined experimentally in the present work. For this purpose, a data acquisition system was developed indigenously using ATMEL MEGA 2560 and ATMEL 328 microcontrollers. The parameters measured were PV panel surface temperature, inlet and outlet air temperatures, PV current, and voltage. The parameters were also compared with those of a reference PV system to demonstrate the effect of cooling of PV panel on its electrical power output. The experiments were performed in the locality of Tiruchirappalli, Tamilnadu, India (11 deg N latitude, 79 deg E longitude) and the working of the PV data acquisition was tested for a period of 3 months from February to April 2017. The results indicate acceptable working of the indigenously developed PV/PVT data acquisition system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Noise pollution in an urban environment is an issue of serious concern in the major cities of India. There are various factors that contribute to the increase of noise levels in urban areas. The intensity of traffic is one of the factors which contributes to a drastic increase in environmental noise. The management of noise pollution has to be considered in the decision making process. In this paper, an attempt is made to study the existing noise level due to the traffic in Velachery which is declared as a sensitive area by the Ministry of Environment and Forestry (MoEF). The noise level data is collected using the MS6710 digital sound meter. The Custic simulation software version 3.2 is used for finding the propagation of noise. The spatial patterns of measurement were also calculated, in the sub-urban area of Velachery, Chennai, Tamilnadu, India. A means of transmitting this data to vehicles moving in the area, through a wireless medium is simulated using NCTUns 6.0 (network simulator), to enable drivers to understand the environmental conditions. A hardware was also designed which can be used to transmit and receive the noise data using the Zigbee module. A noise transmitting station is placed at a junction, so that it can transmit this noise data to the receivers which are fitted inside the vehicles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Now-a-days vending machines are becoming very popular in western countries because of their ease, less wastage of time and effort, availability near doorstep and variety of products. But in India, vending machines are still not so popular according to the customer's requirement. In this paper, a model of vending machine is proposed which dispenses liquid products by accepting the paper currency. The model of vending machine is customer friendly with a feature of fake currency detection. This machine is implemented using AVR ATmega8515 microcontroller. Various modules of the machine are interfaced with the microcontroller. Currency recognition through IR sensor makes this model simple and inexpensive as compared to the previous work where either coins or tokens are used or difficult techniques like image recognition for detection of currency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article offers information on various events of the Robotics and Automation Society (RAS) held in October 2012. An Arduino Microcontroller Workshop was organized by the RAS Tampa Bay chapter of Florida on October 6 and technical workshops were organized by the RAS Madras Chapter of India on the use of virtual reality in robotic minimal invasive surgery. The RAS Egypt chapter hosted a lecture on networked space systems on October 11-12.

Infineon Technologies has announced that it is the supplier of contactless security microcontrollers for India''s electronic passport program. The rollout has started with the issuance of electronic passports to Indian diplomats and officials, and it is expected that in this first phase, up to thirty thousand electronic passports shall be issued. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]