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Fungal ability in production of organic acid have crucial role in discoloration and degradation of different types of stone in cultural heritage objects. The aim of work was to study the Microfungi community on stone deteriorated Sample which were collected from Murugan Temple and Vinayagar Temple at Manapparai, both in Tamilnadu. Stone objects may support novel communities of microorganisms that are active in biodeterioration process. In this Research work, the ability of fungi producing Organic acids were analysed, Five fungi isolates were identified. Additionally, Growth rate of fungal isolates were observed in three different Enrichment medium (Glucose, Sucrose & Maltose as Carbon Source). The Wet and Dry weight of fungal mat was measured. The dry weight biomass was maximum in maltose enriched medium. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Several microorganisms produce polyhydroxyalkanoates (PHA). They are accumulated intracellularly as energy storage compounds. The PHAs are of interest because of their potential in biomedical applications. Halophilic bacteria and archaea are known to produce polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB). This paper describes production of a biodegradable copolymer, PHB-co-PHV by a moderately haloalkalitolerant Halomonas campisalis, isolated from Lonar Lake, India. The production of PHA was in the range of 45–81% on dry cell weight basis when the organism was grown in a production medium containing 1% (w/v) maltose and 0.1% (w/v) yeast extract, at pH ranging from 6 to 9 with an inoculum density of 105–107 cells/ml of medium, for incubation period of 15–30h and at 37°C. The polymer produced by the organism is a hydroxyester with molecular weight of 1.3014×106. Its melting temperature was 171°C. The 1H NMR analysis revealed that the polymer was a copolymer of PHB-co-PHV. This could be achieved by providing simple carbon source viz. maltose. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Snail control could play an important role in programmes against fascioliasis, especially if the methods used for molluscicide delivery could be improved, such as by the development of bait formulations containing both an effective attractant and a molluscicide, to ensure good levels of contact between the molluscicide and the target snail populations. In a recent study, the attractiveness to Lymnaea acuminata (an intermediate host of the digenean trematode Fasciola gigantica) of potential components of snail-attractant pellets was investigated. Carbohydrates (glucose, maltose, sucrose or starch, each at 10 mM) and amino acids (citrulline, tryptophan, proline or serine, each at 20 mM), were tested in aquaria, with the snails initially placed 22.5, 30 or 45 cm from an agar pellet containing the component under test. Under these conditions, starch and proline emerged as the strongest attractants for L. acuminata, followed by maltose and serine.