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Wolves use howls to maintain large territories, intra-pack communication and social bonding. Besides their physical presence, howls are also instrumental in creating fear and impacting foraging behaviour among the lower cascade. Anthropocene-led behavioural alteration in vocalization has been observed in a wide range of species, but the effect on wolf howl is unknown. In this context, we have studied the howling behaviour of the Indian wolf through playback surveys (n = 264) across the anthropogenic gradient. We found a disparity in their howl response – based on the distance to villages. In the low disturbed East-Maharashtra (EM), wolves mostly avoided responding to howling surveys (HS) if done within 1200 m of villages [response rate (RR) = 0.03 ± 0.021], but they did respond once it was done far from villages (>1200 m) (RR = 0.226 ± 0.075). In high human-density West-Maharashtra (WM), wolves showed high RR within 1200 m from the villages (RR = 0.148 ± 0.031). But the RR within 500 m from villages was less as howling near villages might lead to easy detection. The collared wolf data showed significantly high RR (0.635 ± 0.067) in their home-range core, but low RR if the core area was close to a village. Therefore, howling too close to a village is disadvantageous, although their tolerance for responding to HS has increased in the human-dominated landscape. The extent of the village may increase further with development, which will leave fewer areas for the wolf to defend territory with a long-range howl. The wolves might behaviourally adapt to a human-modified landscape by reducing their howling intensity. Adaptation to a fragmented habitat may save the wolves from extinction, but the repercussions of the fundamental behavioural alteration might adversely impact wolf behaviour and the ecological cascade. Whereas ecologists are mainly concerned with the extinction of species, this study highlights the vulnerability of fundamental behaviour of a keystone species attributed to human-induced contemporary evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: India is responding to achieve the target of zero human death from dog-mediated rabies by 2030. Objectives: To study the rising pattern, seasonal predisposition and trend analysis of animal bite cases attending the anti-rabies clinic of a tertiary care hospital. Methodology: This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted in the anti-rabies clinic of Department of Community Medicine, Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu & Kashmir. Data were collected from the animal bite register maintained at the said clinic. Data were entered into Microsoft Excel spreadsheet and analysed with the application of mean, proportion and trend analysis. Results: Total number of animal bite cases were 49508 in last 14 years (2004-2017). The rising case pattern has been observed since the year 2009.The maximum number of cases being 7324 in the year 2016 followed by 6548 in the year 2017 respectively. The seasonal predisposition of animal bite cases was seen in the month of March and June. On-trend analysis, forecasting for 2018, 2019 and 2020 showed 7570, 8108 and 8645 cases respectively. Conclusion: We conclude that the animal bite cases are on an increase in the future years and applicable management measures with intersectoral coordination ought to be started vigorously in endemic areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The plankton and semi-plankton samples collected from four floodplain lakes (beels) of Barpeta district of lower Brahmaputra river basin, Assam state, northeastern India (NEI) revealed eighteen rotifer species of biodiversity and biogeographic interest belonging to five families and six genera. One species is new to the Indian Rotifera and one species is new to Assam. Our collections are characterized by two Australasian elements, five Oriental endemics, seven paleotropical species, and one cosmo (sub) tropical species. Nine species, restricted to date to NEI, are examples of regional distribution importance in India while six species depicted disjunct distribution in the country. Interestingly, seven species are categorized as Eastern hemisphere elements. All the taxa are illustrated to warrant validation as an increasing magnitude of 'unverifiable records' is a serious impediment for the progress of rotifer biodiversity in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Children inherently want to remain engrossed in the activities as easily as possible within their ecological environment and academic curricular ambit. Covid-19 adversely affected our physical, social, and mental conditions and children were no exception. Objectives: To understand the experiences of teachers who have been doing virtual teaching to children during COVID-19; To understand the impact of virtual teaching and COVID-19 on physical and mental health of children. Materials and Methods: The qualitative study was conducted in the Kashmir valley and school teachers teaching students from class Ist to class 8th were involved in the study. Participants were selected purposefully based on the inclusion criteria. One-to-one in-depth interviews were conducted with sixteen (16) school teachers, using a preformed interview guide. Data analysis was performed using the thematic analysis method. Results: Data analysis yielded four overarching themes and twelve subthemes viz:- 1) Attitudes towards online sessions among teachers (2) factors affecting the physical and mental health of children (3) Effectiveness of online classes for individual lines of children's mental development (4) External and internal factors impacting child development and pedagogy. Conclusion: The study result explicitly showed mental and physical health of children got considerably affected by online teaching during the Covid-19 pandemic. Online teaching especially to children is less yielding in terms of effective academic consequences. Nevertheless, blending online teaching with pedagogy can enhance certain multidimensional capabilities of the children. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Japanese Encephalitis (JE) is one of the dreaded mosquito borne viral diseases mostly prevalent in South Asian countries including India. It is important to study the detail of the JE affected areas in terms of environmental and social factors that determines the outbreak of the disease. A comprehensive study was conducted during the period 2003-2007 in Dibrugarh, a JE endemic district of Assam. Effect of landscape and socio-economic factors on mosquito vector density was investigated with remote sensing and Geographic Information System (GIS) inputs and developed the methodology .for predicting spatial distribution of occurrence JE in the district. The methodology was validated during subsequent 5 years (2008-2012) and accuracy of forecasts has been assessed. Wetlands have been found to be the most preferred habitat type for majority of the JE transmitting mosquitoes followed by paddy growing areas and ponds. Based on the spatial distribution of habitat types, villages in the district divided into three categories of vector abundance and hence the risk of JE. Among socio-economic determinants, pig rearing habitat of the villagers have been found to be most significant. Based on the pig rearing distribution pattern in the village, all the villages have been categorized into three categories of JE virus reservoir abundance viz. high, medium and low. Along with these two categorization approaches, villages were also categorized into three relative scale based on retrospective data on disease intensity. Final JE risk map was prepared with integration of vector abundance map with the map of host abundance and retrospective disease intensity in GIS domain. JE risk maps were prepared at the beginning of the disease season that is at the beginning of April for past five years (2008-2012). Actual cases occurred in the district was overlaid on the JE risk map to verify the accuracy of forecasts. It has been observed that about 70-81% JE cases reported from the High JE risk areas identified under the study during past five years (2008-2012). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An application of spatial statistics analyse has been demonstrated for identifying Japanese Encephalitis (JE) incidence hotspots to prioritise interventions in a JE endemic district of Assam. Spatial order and association of JE reporting villages in the study area have been analysed using spatial statistics analytical techniques. Data on historical morbidity pattern of JE collected at village level provided the required stratification base for delineating the JE incidence hot spots. Spatial statistics parameters such as mean centre, standard deviational ellipse and spatial autocorrelation have been calculated for JE reporting villages. Strong spatial autocorrelation (p<0.01) among the JE reporting villages have been observed in terms of morbidity pattern as indicated by Moran's 1 index. General G statistics has been calculated to categorize JE prone villages and tested for statistical significance. Based on this G statistics. JE hot spots in the study district could be identified for taking timely, intervention measures by the health authorities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Comparison of two major studies conducted by National family health survey (NFHS-2) in 1998–1999 and NFHS-3 in 2005–2006 shows that prevalence of obesity among Indian women has elevated from 10.6% to 12.6% (increased by 24.52%). The prevalence is more profound in the women of age between 40–49 years (23.7%), residing in cities (23.5%), having high qualification (23.8%), belonging to Sikh community (31.6%) and households in the highest wealth quintile (30.5%). Highest percentage of obese women is found in Punjab (29.9%). Although this number seems small in the international perspective, it is significant because of the sheer size of population in India. While the problem of under-nutrition still exists in many parts of India, the additional burden of obesity due to increasing sedentary lifestyle, junk food habits in some urban and economically sound areas is really alarming. Prevention and control of this serious problem through awareness programmes to adopt diversified nutritional food and healthy lifestyle are strongly recommended. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

At Tata Steel, Jamshedpur works the hot metal production capacity was enhanced from 3·57 mT in 1997–1998 to 5·51 mT in 2007–2008 with the same number of cast houses, thereby, increasing the thermal load on the runner system. Maximising trough availability and ensuring zero breakouts were the means to fulfill the objective of handling the increased furnace production. Significant changes in trough refractory design and introduction of new materials like prefabricated shapes helped to improve reliability of the troughs. The paper presents the design and mode of operation of main troughs of different blast furnaces (BFs) operated at Jamshedpur works, modification of trough design in the upgraded G-BF and its performance and details of improvements made in the trough back-up refractory lining, its wear monitoring and cooling systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Summary The present study describes the length-weight relationship of two commercially important freshwater fish species of India viz., Channa marulius and Heteropneustes fossilis collected from the Ganga River, during the period January 2009-December 2010. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The long-finned mullet, Osteomugil perusii was caught along the eastern and western coasts of India. The finding of 12 specimens extends the current knowledge about the distribution of this mullet in the western Indo-Pacific to the Indian coast. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

• Recent studies, limitations and research gaps of Indian mangroves were systematically summarized. • Distribution of major mangrove plants of coastal states of India has been discussed. • This is the first time we have reported the bioactive compounds and their biological properties from Indian true mangrove plants. • Major classes of isolated natural products reported from Indian mangroves. The mangrove ecosystem is being intensively studied with the hope of discovering new chemical entities with biomedical potentials. A number of biologically active compounds with varying degrees of action such as anticancer, antiulcer, antioxidant, antidiabetic and antimicrobial properties have been isolated from mangroves. Totally 81 mangrove species have been reported worldwide, of which 46 species are reported to occur in India. Among these, around 36 mangrove species are used in traditional medicine. Approximately 249 bioactive compounds have been isolated from 18 species, and the remaining species are yet to be screened. Biologically active compounds such as limonoids, terpenoids, alkaloids, glycosides, steroids, flavonoids, esters, quinones, phenols, acids, aliphatic alcohol, amides, lactones, aliphatic ketones, and benzodioxols have been derived from the leaves, stems, barks, fruits, and seeds of Indian mangrove plants. This review examines the current trends in the screening and biological activity of metabolites from the Indian mangroves. This comprehensive review in turn can serve as a potential resource for future drug development endeavours. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Reports on the case of a 14-year-old girl who underwent a reconstructive hand surgery in India. Selection of a laryngeal tube to maintain the airway during surgery; Description of a laryngeal tube; Induction of anesthesia; Ventilation of the lungs with a face mask.

Background: The emergence of antimalarial drug resistance malaria parasite is widespread in North eastern region of India. During January 2012-December 2013, we conducted active surveillance for detection of antifolate resistance-associated genetic polymorphisms in Plasmodium falciparum malaria parasite from different malaria endemic areas of Assam. Materials and Methods: A total of 281 field samples were collected from suspected malaria patients of which 106 malaria P. falciparum positive cases were detected in microscopic slide examination. A nested PCR was done for amplification of a 648 bp portion of the dhfr gene and 710 bp portion of the dhps gene. Results: Mutation analysis revealed existence of three different haplotypes of the P. falciparum dhfr gene of which ANRNI was highly prevalent (90%). Triple mutant haplotypes AIRNI (N51I + C59R + S108N) of the dhfr gene associated with pyrimethamine resistance were prevalent in Chirang district of Assam. Whereas, dhps mutation study revealed that triple mutant haplotype AGEAA (S436A + A437G + K540E) associated with Sulphadoxine resistance was found among 26% of P. falciparum field isolates. However, P. falciparum dhfr-dhps two locus mutation analysis showed that there were a total of nine dhfr-dhps genotypes. Conclusion: It was noticed that 93.62% (88/94) isolates had mutations in the sequences of both enzymes, which is an indication of prevalence of high grade of Sulphadoxine -- pyrimethamine resistance in P. falciparum malaria parasites in Assam. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic has led to severe disruption in routine activities, significant mortality and morbidity. Adolescents are particularly prone to mental health issues. The present study aims to estimate prevalence of depression and anxiety and its determinants among school-going adolescents in Kashmir valley of India. Results: The Patient Health Questionnaire for Adolescents and Generalised Anxiety Disorder questionnaire were used to screen for depression and anxiety among school-going adolescents aged between 15 and 19 years during January and February 2021. Out of the 439 adolescents who had responded, 426 (97.03%) were included in final analysis. The adolescents had a mean age of 17.5 + 1.26 years and comprised of 57% males. The overall prevalence of depression was 16% and was associated with a past history of COVID-19 infection. Anxiety was present in 20% of adolescents. The prevalence was 14% for boys and 27.5% for girls. On logistic regression, anxiety was associated with female gender, past history of personal COVID-19 infection, history of COVID-19 diagnosis in family and hospital admission due to COVID-19 in family. Conclusions: Anxiety and depression are major public health problems among adolescents. The high burden estimated in our study highlights the need for immediate action to support adolescents particularly those with a self/family history of COVID-19. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Real-time Reverse Transcription-Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR) can be considered to be the gold standard for diagnosis of Coronavirus Disease-2019 (COVID-19). Though it is highly accurate but has some limitations in terms of its use, which means that Rapid Antigen Tests (RAT) can support COVID-19 mitigation efforts. Aim: To estimate sensitivity, specificity and degree of agreement of STANDARD Q COVID-19 Antigen Detection Kit in comparison to real-time quantitative RT-PCR (qRT-PCR). Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted at Government Medical College, Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India, in April 2021. Socio-demographic and clinical information was collected on a pretested schedule after which two consecutive nasopharyngeal swabs were collected from each subject. One sample was tested using the STANDARD Q COVID-19 antigen test and the other was tested using qRT-PCR. Sensitivity and specificity were calculated using standard formulas. Cohen's Kappa was calculated and Mann-Whitney U test was used for comparison. Results: The study included 473 subjects with a mean age of 38.4±12.2 years. Around 1/4th (124 subjects) of subjects were symptomatic at testing with the most common symptoms being fever (57.2%), cough (50%), sore throat (43%), myalgia (25%) and diarrhoea (13%). The sensitivity, specificity, positive likelihood ratio and negative likelihood ratio were estimated to be 54.4%, 99.2%, 71.49 and 0.46, respectively. The Cohen's Kappa between the two tests was 0.644. Cycle threshold value was significantly lower in subjects with symptoms and those with a positive rapid test among those positive on qRT-PCR. Conclusion: The STANDARD Q COVID-19 antigen test has a reasonable sensitivity, high specificity with a substantial intertest agreement in comparison to qRT-PCR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The present study was undertaken with the objective to investigate the intraspecific variation of Channa punctatus on the basis of morphometric characters using the truss network system that was constructed from the fish body. Fish samples were collected from the Narora (n = 62) and Kanpur sites (n = 46) of the Ganga River, the Firozabad site in the Yamuna River (n = 66) and at the Lucknow site of the Gomti River (n = 60). Data were subjected to principal component analysis, discriminant function analysis and univariate analysis of variance. The first principal component ( PC I) analysis explained 47.75% of total variation while PC II and PC III explained 8.18 and 7.48%, respectively. The step-wise discriminant function analysis retained seven variables that significantly discriminated the populations. Using these variables 81.85% of the original groups were classified into their correct samples. Misclassification was higher for the samples from Ganga River (19.6% at the Kanpur site and 19.4% for the Narora site). Of the total 27 transformed morphometric measurements, 23 exhibited significant differences among the populations. These findings indicate the presence of different stocks of fish from the three rivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Visceral Leishmaniasis or Kala Azar is endemic in certain regions of India. In endemic areas, the constellation of fever, progressive weight loss, weakness, pronounced splenomegaly, anemia, leukopenia, and hypergammaglobulinemia is highly suggestive of visceral leishmaniasis. Demonstration of the parasite in liver, splenic or bone marrow aspirates is confirmatory. We present a case in which Leishmania donovani (LD) bodies were demonstrated on splenic aspirate. We were unable to demonstrate LD bodies on bone marrow aspiration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Andrographis paniculata (Burm.f.) Nees (Acanthaceae), commonly known as Kalmegh is used both in Ayurvedic and Unani system of medicines for a number of ailments related to digestion, hepatoprotection, hypoglycemic, and as anti-bacterial, analgesic, anti-inflammatory, vermicidal and antiacene. Ten accessions of A. paniculata from different sources were screened to assess the yield and its components besides andrographolides on three harvesting dates viz. 70, 100, 130 days after plantation corresponding to calendar months of September, October and November. The results revealed its successful growth in the subtropical region of Jammu, with last week of October ideal for obtaining maximum dry herbage (931.3kg/ha) and total andrographolide yield (61.83kg/ha), respectively. On the basis of leaf/stem ratio the relative estimates of total andrographolide is higher in October (46%) than September (15%) or November (39%). Accession Acc.1 and Acc.9 have been identified as the best sources for obtaining higher drug yield. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Background: The antenatal period is an important landmark where the services provided to mothers through antenatal care (ANC) checkups also act as a way for additional interventions influencing maternal and child health. This study aimed to know about the perception and practice among the patients of ANC checkups (ANCs) regarding COVID-19 and what are the implications of it on their routine check-ups. Methods: We conducted this study from 15 April, 2020 to 03 May, 2020, Phase 2 {Country wide lockdown in India}, which was imposed for over 19 days. The sample size was kept open and we used convenient type of sampling and included all those pregnant women who attended the clinic for ANC checkup amid the countrywide lock down. Each patient of ANC checkup was interviewed by the treating doctor using a predesigned structured questionnaire containing questions based on demographic information and the perception and practices regarding corona virus infection. Results: The majority, 66 (79.5%) were in the age group of 26–35 years, 63 (75.9%) were in the second and third trimester of their pregnancy, 72 (86.7%) were from urban areas, 26 (31.3%) and 17 (20.5%) were having education level of bachelor's and higher, respectively. The majority 39 (47%) reported that they are worried that someone they know may have the coronavirus infection and they are unaware about it, 57 (68.7%) feel the nature of the disease as fatal, all ANCs reported that their families are taking initiatives to prevent corona virus infection and they should take extra precautions for corona virus infection, 6 (7.2%) reported that any member of their family has been quarantined during the period, 81 (97.6%) feel that primary precautions like hand washing, social distancing, wearing a face mask, and isolation and quarantine will help in the reduction of infection, 69 (83.1%) choose to report to hospital if any of their close relatives are down with symptoms of corona virus. Conclusion: Our study showed that the respondents had a good attitude, perception, and were following sensible positive practices regarding COVID-19 prevention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

BACKGROUND: An assessment of cancer incidence in population is required for prevention, early diagnosis, treatment and resource allocation. This will also guide in the formation of facilities for diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation and follow-up for these patients. The demographic trend of cancer will help to identify common types and etiological factors. Efforts at clinical, research and administrative levels are needed to overcome this problem. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: Present retro prospective study was conducted in regional cancer center of a tertiary care hospital. MATERIALS AND METHODS: After permission from ethics committee, a retro prospective study of 1 year duration was undertaken to study the profile of cancer patients and to compare it with other cancer registries in India. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS: Pearson's Chi-square test and simple linear regression were used. Statistical Package for the Social Sciences version-16 (University of Bristol information services (www.bristol.ac.uk/is/ learning/resources) was used. RESULTS: The overall incidence of cancer in Kashmir is on the increase and common sites of cancer are esophagus and gastroesophageal (GE) junction, lung, stomach, colorectal, lymphomas, skin, laryngopharynx, acute leukemias, prostate and brain in males.In females common sites are breast, esophagus and GE junction, ovary, colorectal, stomach, lung, gallbladder, lymphomas, acute leukemias and brain. CONCLUSION: Cancers of esophagus, stomach and lungs have a high incidence both in men and women in Kashmir. Future studies on sources and types of environmental pollution and exposures in relation to these cancers may improve our understanding of risk factors held responsible for causation of these malignancies in this region. This will help in the allocation of available resources for prevention and treatment strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Ecosystems are balanced by nature and each component in the system has a role in the sustenance of other components. A change in one component would invariably have an effect on others. Stomatopods (mantis shrimps) are common and ecologically important predatory crustaceans in tropical marine waters. The ecological role of mantis shrimps and potential impacts of trawling in a marine ecosystem were estimated using Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) Version 5.0 software, by constructing a mass balanced Ecopath model of Parangipettai (Porto Novo) ecosystem. Based on fisheries information from the region, 17 ecological groups were defined including stomatopods. Both primary and secondary data on biomass, P/B, Q/B and diet composition were used as basic inputs. The mass balanced model gave a total system throughput of 14,756tkm−2 year−1. The gross efficiency of 0.000942 indicated higher contribution of lower food chain groups in the fishery though the mean trophic level was 3.08. The immature and developing stage of the ecosystem was indicated by the ratio of total primary production and total respiration (1.832) and the net system production (2643.30tkm−2 year−1). Key indices (flow to detritus, net efficiency and omnivory index), split mortality rates and mixed trophic impact of different ecological groups were obtained from the model. A flow diagram was constructed to illustrate the trophic interactions, which explained the biomass flows in the ecosystem with reference to stomatopods. Two temporal simulations were made, with 10 year durations in the mass balanced Ecopath model by using ecosim routine incorporated in EwE software. The effect of decrease in biomass of stomatopods in the ecosystem was well defined, in the first run with increase in stomatopod fishing mortality, and the group showed a high positive impact on benthopelagic fish biomass increase (129%). The simulation with increase in trawling efforts resulted in the biomass decline of different ecological groups as elasmobranchs to 1%, stomatopods to 2%, crabs and lobsters to 36%, cephalopods to 63%, mackerel to 78%, and shrimps to 89%. Present study warns stomatopod discards and further increase in trawling efforts in the region and it explained the need for ecosystem based fisheries management practices for the sustainability of marine fisheries. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

By combining global positioning system observations of surface displacements and the locations of aftershocks, we infer that the 8 October 2005 Kashmir earthquake occurred on multiple fault planes. Mean slip of ~5.1 m occurred on a rupture between Bagh and Balakot with strike 331° and dip 29°. Additional slip occurred at depth on a NNE-dipping fault plane extending WNW from Balakot, and on an intersecting nearly flat dislocation at ~5 km depth, forming an active wedge thrust. Both the simple fault plane and the blind wedge accommodate convergence between Peshawar and Leh, Ladakh, accumulating at 7 ± 2 mm/yr, suggesting a 680 ± 150 yr recurrence interval for Kashmir 2005-like events. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background There is sparse data available on foot sarcomas treated on contemporary protocols. Methods This retrospective analysis involved 27 cases of foot sarcomas managed with multi-modality treatment under Sarcoma Clinic, at tertiary care hospital between January 2014 to May 2019. Baseline demographics, radiographic tumour characteristics, histological diagnosis, type of treatment received and oncological outcomes were noted for all cases. Statistical analysis was done by STATA version 13.0. Survival curves were analyzed by Kaplan Meir test and univariate analysis was done by Log Rank test. Results Median age was 26 years (range: 20 – 46 years). Median duration of symptoms were 11 months (Range: 5 – 24 months). Radiologically mean largest diameter of tumour was 6.5 cm (CI: 1.1 – 12 cm). Seven tumours (26%) arose from bone and 20 form soft tissue (74%). In tumours arising from bone, metatarsal was most commonly site of involvement (3 out of 7). Most common histology was synovial sarcoma (44%) f/b Ewing's sarcoma (26%) f/b others (RMS, DFSP, MPNST, angiosarcoma). Ten patients (37%) had metastatic disease at presentation, lung being most common site (80%). Histological discordance with review diagnosis was seen in 50 % cases. Amputation was needed in 10 cases (37%) (palliative - 5, curative - 5) while limb salvage surgery was done in 10 (all curative). Adjuvant radiation was given in 7 out of 10 cases (70%). At last follow up 16 out of 27 patients (60%) were alive without disease, 4 (11%) with disease while 8 (29%) have died. With median follow-up of 43 months (Range 8 - 63 months) median PFS was 22 months. Median PFS in non-metastatic group was 48 months, while in metastatic group it was 8 months. On univariate analysis, median OS was significantly different between metastatic vs non-metastatic group (HR 10.93, p = 0.03). Conclusions Foot sarcomas happen in young adults irrespective of pathology with synovial sarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma being most common histologies. Amputation rates are quite high even considering small size, owing to anatomy of the region as noted in previous studies. The treatment required for non metastatic disease is multimodality including use of radiation. If treated in multidisciplinary clinic outcomes can certainly be improved. Legal entity responsible for the study Sameer Rastogi. Funding Has not received any funding. Disclosure All authors have declared no conflicts of interest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]