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The field experiments were carried out at the Centre of Excellence in Millets, Athiyandal, Thiruvannamalai, to evaluate different organic sources of nutrients with foliar application over three seasons from kharif 2015 to 2017. The application of Farm Yard Manure (FYM) at a rate of 6.5 t ha-1 along with sunhemp green manuring (SGM) in-situ incorporation on 45 days after sowing (DAS) recorded higher grain and straw yields of 2420 kg ha-1 and 3549 kg ha-1, respectively. The foliar spray of Panchakavya at 3% concentration on 45 DAS enhanced grain yield to 2423 kg ha-1 and straw yield to 3338 kg ha-1. The recommended dose of fertilizer (RDF) {60:30:30 kg N, P2O5 K2O kgha-1} resulted in higher gross income (Rs. 84,724 per ha), net income (Rs. 55,372 per ha), and benefit-cost ratio (2.84). However, the application of vermicompost at 5 t ha-1 resulted in a lower gross income. Among the foliar spray treatments, Panchakavya at 3% concentration recorded the highest gross income (Rs. 84,478 per ha), net income (Rs. 43,534 per ha), and benefit-cost ratio (2.36), followed by vermiwash at 3% concentration. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Continuous rice-wheat (RW) cropping in an area of 13.5 million ha with intensive tillage has resulted in over exploitation of resources, decline of the factor productivity, loss of soil fertility and biodiversity and decline of resource use efficiency in the Indo-Gangetic plains (IGPs) of South Asia. This has led to unsustainability of agriculture in the region. Replacement of a cereal-cereal system with a legume-cereal system may prove beneficial for long-term sustainability of the system. A field experiment was conducted with soybean-wheat (SW) rotation in the IGP of India during 2009-10 and 2010-11 to assess the suitability of conservation tillage versus conventional tillage (CT) and crop-establishment techniques, namely bed (B) planting versus flat (F) planting. The study revealed that the zero tillage (ZT) for soybean during rainy and for wheat during winter season either in flat or in bed system performed equally good with CT. The maximum system productivity (7.06 t ha-1 in 2009-10 and 8.48 t ha-1 in 2010-11) was obtained with combined application of wheat + soybean residue. The maximum net returns of ₹46.98 and ₹65.08 thousands and B:C ratio of 2.35 and 3.08 were recorded in the SW system with zero tillage-flat (ZT-F) during 2009-10 and 2010-11, respectively . The minimum energy of 64.67 and 63.01 x 10³ MJ ha-1 was utilized as input energy with zero tillage-bed (ZT-B) while the maximum energy use efficiency of 4.10 and 5.14 was obtained with ZT-F and ZT-B for the SW system during 2009-10 and 2010-11 respectively . The gross output energy was maximum with wheat + soybean residue (241.6 and 265.7 x 10³ MJ ha-1) contrary to this the net energy (194.4 and 213.4 x 10³ MJ ha-1) and energy use efficiency (9.03 and 10.96) was maximum with control (no residue) in the SW system. In wheat there was 37.85% improvement in irrigation water use efficiency (WUE) in raised bed planting than flat planting and 28.57% of irrigation water was saved. The study suggested that ZT either bed or flat planting to both the crops can successfully adopted along with application wheat + soybean residue together with full recommended dose of NPK fertilizers to the system for improving productivity, profitability, soil health and sustainability of SW system in the IGPs of South Asia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Rationale: Residents work in emotionally demanding environments with multiple stressors. The risk for burnout is high in them and it has significant negative consequences for their career. Burnout is also associated with consequences in terms of physical and mental health including insomnia, cardiovascular disease, depression and suicidal ideation. Thus, the study aimed to study the prevalence of burn out and its correlates among interns and residents at Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. Settings and Design: Cross Sectional Study at Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. Methods: It was a cross Sectional study of 558 interns and residents of Government Medical College, Thiruvananthapuram, Kerala, India. Data was collected which included the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory [CBI] which assesses burnout in the dimensions of Personal burnout, Work burnout and Patient related burnout, with a cut off score of 50 for each dimension. Age, sex, year of study, department the resident belonged to, or an intern, junior resident or a super speciality senior resident (resident doing super speciality course after their post graduate masters degree) were the correlates assessed. Statistical analysis: Univariate analysis. Results: More than one third of the participants were found to have burnout in one or another dimension of the CBI. Burnout was found to be the highest among the interns in the domains of personal burnout (64.05 %) and patient related burnout (68.62 %) and in junior residents for work related burnout (40%). Super specialty senior residents had the least prevalence of burnout in all three dimensions. Among the residents, Non Medical/Non Surgical residents had the least prevalence of burnout in all three dimensions, whereas surgical speciality residents had the highest of personal burnout (57.92 %) and Medical speciality residents had the highest patient related burnout (27.13%). Both medical and surgical specialty residents had equal prevalence of work burnout. The study also showed that as the number of years of residency increased, the burnout also increased in all three dimensions. A between gender difference in burnout was not noticed in our study. Conclusions: Burnout was found to be present in a large number of residents in our study. Nationwide studies and assessment of more correlates will be needed to understand this phenomenon and also for formulating measures for preventing and managing it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Only scattered information is available on the tillage and nutrient management information for the sesame crop following rice in the literature. Sesame as an edible oil yielding crop with high levels of unsaturated fatty acids has high international demand due to superior health benefits. Being a small seeded crop, it requires standard tillage and nutrient management to obtain optimum productivity under rice fallow ecologies. As a sequential crop after rice harvest, the tillage and nutrient management practices followed for the preceding rice have astounding effects on the succeeding sesame crop. To better understand and manipulate the agro ecology in the rice fallow culture, it is necessary to study the behaviour of sesame cultivars, in relation to the tillage requirements and macro nutrient factors that have a bearing on the productivity., Methods: The aim of this work was to evaluate the productivity of rice fallow sesame in the southern plateau and hills regions of the Indian sub-continent (Tamil Nadu) with a hypothesis that tillage and nutrient management would immensely benefit the sesame crop. Field experiments were conducted at TNAU, Tamil Nadu Rice Research Institute, Aduturai, Tamil Nadu during 2019-2020 and 2020-2021 with tillage practices (reduced tillage, conventional tillage and zero tillage) and fertilizer doses (zero percent RDF, 25% RDF, 50% RDF, 75% RDF and 100% RDF) in a split plot design replicated thrice., Results: The results have clearly indicated that the performance of rice fallow sesame was poor under zero till conditions as the sesame crop is poorly adapted leading to a yield penalty up to 68%. A total of 75% RDF has yielded statistically similar yield to that of 100% RDF to the rice fallow sesame. Further, neither the oil content nor the fatty acid composition was modified by tillage and nutrient management regimes., Competing Interests: Ratnakumar Pasala is an Academic Editor for PeerJ., (© 2024 Chandrasekaran et al.)