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Purpose: The purpose of this paper is to compare ten Open Science Portals in India. The comparison is made using the three primary parameters of accessibility, search engine optimization (SEO) and performance. This study aims to investigate whether the ten selected web portals efficiently meet the web accessibility requirements of the large population at an acceptable rate. Design/methodology/approach: This study was performed by using the Siteimprove web tool to collect information about Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG) 2.0. The online accessibility tools provided by Siteimprove make it simple to comply with and follow the global WCAG at all compliance levels. This study selected ten web portals taking into account the open accessibility and the web portals offered by the Indian Government to promote research and innovation. Findings: The findings of this research will be beneficial for the government website designers, managers and administrators to assess their website's level of compliance with accepted accessibility standards so they can make tactical choices to increase accessibility. Originality/value: This study highlights the portals' robust characteristic features and downsides, where improvement may be required. It also focused on how these portals help in promoting citizen science and public understanding of science nationwide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The websites present essential healthcare information to patients, from disease symptoms, admission, and discharge to post-care. The present study proposed the CRRAV Model (Credibility, Reliability, Readability, Acceptability, and Validity) for website quality contents of Hospitals, developed from the Expectation Disconfirmation Model, Web QIM, Web Qual Serruni Lucci Model, and Minerva Model. The study also aims to assess the internet information on heart disease and compare and evaluate the quality of HCOs in developed countries like the USA and developing countries like India. The DISCERN instrument, HONcode, and WRAPIN can improve the patient's standard of information and satisfaction and remove the growing skepticism about the website on quality issues. The websites containing heart disease information with HONcode certification and WRAPIN were only four out of 65 in the USA. Out of all the evaluated websites, only a small number meet the criteria of DISCERN instrument and are accredited by HONcode. Besides this, government agencies have no regulation, supervision, or control in USA and India. There are no single quality criteria and international agreement for quality assessment of healthcare websites, except HONcode and WRAPIN. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The use of digital data sources, such as social media, in iEcology has opened up new opportunities for research on species distribution and biological invasions. Invasive species can cause significant damage to biodiversity and ecosystem services, making early detection and intervention crucial. Ornamental fish species are a particular concern, as many have been imported to India for aquaria and have caused direct damage to local biodiversity. South American invasive catfish species belonging to the family Loricariidae have been introduced to many parts of the world outside their natural range, including India. Despite a lack of published records, this study used social media and internet sources to identify 28 sites of occurrence of suckermouth armoured catfish in the River Krishna basin across four Indian states. Through morphological and genetic analysis, the invasive loricariid fish collected from the River Krishna basin at Bhigwan was confirmed to be Pterygoplichthys pardalis. In addition, sentiment analysis of social media content and other internet sources revealed that 60.71% of individuals perceive the introduction of suckermouth armoured catfish to their region as a threat. This insight could prove advantageous as society is more likely to support eradication activities necessary to prevent further damage to the ecosystem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Understanding enablers and barriers influencing customers' intention to use green hotels can help managers formulate better online green marketing strategies. However, existing studies fail to capture these aspects. The present multi-method-based multi-study explored customer perspectives from different sources (qualitative interviews of 20 participants and quantitative surveys of 311 respondents) to explore the enablers/barriers and compared it with the website content of 27 green hotels from India (user-generated content). The participants/respondents were mainly Indian tourists who have either stayed in green hotels or have knowledge about green hotels. Study 1 and Study 2 found enablers "value-for-nature" ("environmental preservation"), "voluntary reduction-in-tourist eco-behavior" ("contributes-to-environment"), "emotional values" ("closer-to-nature"), and barriers "traditional" ("operational difficulties") and "risk" ("expectations-vs-reality") affecting customers' intention to use green hotels. However, the website content of green hotels (in Study 3) failed to capture what all green initiatives are implemented and how it will not compromise with the luxury. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, excessive internet use is identified as a challenge. This study aimed to compare 'Problematic Internet Use' (PIU) using DSM-5 based criterion of Internet Gaming Disorder (IGD) and its 'content usage' among adolescents, and adults amid the current pandemic. We also explored the role of age, gender, domains of internet behavior and content usage as predictors of PIU. This was a cross-sectional study with a total sample of 1027 participants [456 adolescents; 347 young adults and 224 middle age-adults]. Chi-square was conducted to study differences between the groups. Further, Pearson (point biserial) correlation and hierarchical regression were carried out. Results showed that 31.58% (M = 3.51, S.D. = 2.38) of total adolescents, 25.08% of total young adults (M = 2.89, S.D. = 2.22) and 17% middle-aged adults (M = 2.32, S.D. = 2.18) fulfilled the criterion (≥ 5 symptoms) based on DSM 5. Compared to young adults, more adolescents reported 'Preoccupation', 'Persistence' and 'Problems'. However, more young adults reported 'Tolerance', 'Escape' and 'Conflict' in comparison to the middle-age adults. In terms of gender, males scored higher than females on 'Withdrawal' and 'Conflict'. Whereas, females scored higher than males on 'Escape'. The regression model showed age, social media, online entertainment, and gaming as significant predictors of PIU. Additionally, there were significant differences in symptoms of PIU, and content of internet use across age brackets. This study provides further clarity on the conceptualization of PIU, and guides meaningful way forward to prevent and manage PIU in the vulnerable populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose/Aim:- The aim of the present research study was to study the facilitating factors of pharmaceutical digital marketing challenges and opportunities in the contemporary context. The role of digital marketing plays a crucial role for better interaction, cost-effectiveness, to build a relationship between physicians and people with personalized care. Research Methodology/Approach/Design:- It is a descriptive research design, the data collected through structured closed ended questionnaire with a sample of 50 from undergraduates and postgraduates. Statistical tools:- Applied both descriptive and inferential statistics like: Mean, SD, ANOVA and Chi-Square test to assess the opinion of the respondents. Findings:- The outcome of the research witnessed that the majority of the respondents agreed that Pharma products should be produced for specific purpose, availability of website and online content, usage of whatsApp, twitter, Instagram other platforms plays a crucial role to interact with the customers, recommendations by experts, users, building loyalty and trust plays a significant role to interact with the customers and to increase the sales of the business. Further, product differentiations, advertisements, building the databases are the essential aspects to strengthen the digital marketing. Novelty:- The concept which is novel, as few literatures are available on digital pharma marketing in the contemporary scenario. Generalizability:- The outcome of the research can be generalized under any phenomenon where need arises to strengthen the pharma digital marketing strategies in India. Originality:- The present research on antecedents of digital marketing strategies has not been copied from any source. Type of Research:- It is a descriptive research study where it has taken the advantage of both descriptive and inferential statistics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The tourism industry cannot ignore the needs of people with special needs. Providing accessible tourism is essential because of social and legal obligations, but also because they have large business opportunities. These people with special needs face challenges in every social, economic, and digital environment. One of the greatest barriers they face is the lack of accessible and usable information on the Internet, which thwarts their travel plans. This research is aimed at identifying the usability and accessibility status of official state tourism websites of India. The usability evaluation was done on various web quality parameters using automated online tools. The accessibility evaluation was done to check the compliance of Web Content Accessibility Guideline version 2.0 by the tourism website using the automated tool TAW. Further manual inspection was applied to identify accessibility and language options on the webpage. The result revealed that Indian state tourism websites had low usability and accessibility status, and they need much improvement to make them accessible to people with special needs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) has provided the most important set of guidelines for web accessibility which is popularly known as Web Content Accessibility Guidelines (WCAG). The accessibility analysis of higher education websites becomes paramount important to make them inclusive considering the growing number of enrollments of persons with disabilities (PwDs) in higher education, in countries such as India. This paper presents the accessibility analysis of higher education websites with the case study of college websites (N = 44) affiliated with the University of Kashmir and Cluster University Srinagar. The study has been carried out with two major accessibility evaluation tools called web accessibility test, denoted as TAW and the accessibility engine powering browser extensions called the accessibility engine, denoted as aXe. This paper lists the major accessibility barriers exposed by these sites in terms of metrics such as a number of problems, warnings and a status of success criteria violations. With respect to TAW tool, a number of problems observed were 2646, a large number of warnings to the scale of 15995 and the not reviewed items were 1356. With aXe tool, the total violations observed were 1951 and items needing review were 1733. Findings of the statistical analysis are also presented in this paper. This paper presents a roadmap of steps for making these websites inclusive and barrier-free for PwDs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study aims to report the current growth of Massive Open Online Courses (MOOCs) and its evolution, features, benefits, various types, International and Indian scenarios, and challenges. The study also examines the role of academic libraries in the expansion of MOOCs in the present era. The study employed web content analysis and questionnaire methods to collect data related to the current growth of MOOCs in India. The study interviewed 75 students and 45 faculties of St. Teresa's College, Ernakulam, to explore their perceptions of MOOCs as a higher education system and how Academic Libraries become their centre for MOOC courses. The study found that 75.3% of respondents joined/completed the MOOC courses, whereas some respondents had no ideas about it. Among the 75.3% of respondents who joined/completed the course, 89.4% of respondents completed one or two certification courses, 7.6% of respondents have completed 3 to 5 classes, and only 3% of respondents have completed between 6 to 10 online courses. The expansions of online education through MOOCs in India, such as the NPTEL and SWAYAM, have positively impacted the growth of Academic libraries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technology has influenced every aspect of our living, and education is not an exception. During the current pandemic period of COVID-19, the latent motive of maintaining social distancing is leading to be one of the prime reasons for the students to get enrolled in online courses. Although the benefits of e-learning have been discussed in various previous studies, it is important to understand the quality of e-learning and the satisfaction level of learners during this forceful shift toward e-learning amid the pandemic of COVID-19. This research proposes a conceptual model for understanding the variables influencing e-learning quality (ELQ) and learner satisfaction under the moderating effect of maintaining social distancing. The model is empirically validated by means of the partial least square approach through structural equation modeling based on 435 responses of university students in India. The results suggest that assurance, reliability, responsiveness, and website content are the factors that influence the ELQ of the online courses during the pandemic. ELQ also strongly influences the learner's satisfaction. Interestingly, perceived benefits of maintaining social distancing have a significant negative moderating effect only between empathy and ELQ, which leads to the satisfaction of the learners. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The purpose of the study is to derive the current status of web contents of library websites of Agricultural Universities in India and to examine the web-based library services provided via their websites and to determine the rank of the library websites on the basis of content analysis. Design/ Methodology/ Approach: For data collection in this study, survey and observation methods were applied. Data are collected from the library websites of Agricultural Universities of India with the help of a checklist prepared on the basis of previous studies done. Findings: The findings show that most of the surveyed libraries have up-to-date library websites or webpages with the information of adequate services and facilities. Most of the library websites provide access to e-resources and provide remote access to their resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

E-government provides a platform to deliver government services to stakeholders, and many countries have adopted e-government websites for good governance. Successful e-government implementation and service delivery depend on how the underlying information present in government websites is made accessible and usable to every individual. This article investigates the accessibility and usability of e-government sites in India. Our sample consists of 65 Indian e-government websites. The analysis was carried out using automatic evaluation tools. The results of the accessibility tests highlight the existence of accessibility issues based on Web Content Accessibility Guidelines 1.0 (WCAG 1.0) and WCAG 2.0. Usability tests also reveal that e-government websites give low priority to such aspects during website design and development. Hence, there is a need to improve the overall accessibility and usability of Indian e-government websites in order to improve the quality and in turn the E-Government Development Index rank of India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the emergence of World Wide Web (WWW) as the primary reference channel of information, the need for making it barrier-free for all categories of users has evolved into a critical factor. Making the web resources barrier-free for users requires action across various dimensions such as accessibility and readability. This paper presents an analysis of accessibility, readability, and site-ranking of top ranked (N = 20) government websites of India. The accessibility analysis has been carried out using aChecker and WAVE tools. The readability of the contents of the website is measured with six different indices such as Flesch-Kincaid reading ease, Flesch-Kincaid grade level, Gunning fog, SMOG, Coleman-Liau index and Automated Readability Index. The ranking of sites by National Informatics Centre (NIC) has been utilized to select the top ranked websites and their corresponding rankings are compared with global site ranking services such as Alexa. The correlation among these three factors of accessibility, readability, and site-ranking has been carried out with Spearman's rank correlation method and the inferences derived from the results are presented. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, the multilingual content over the internet has grown exponentially together with the evolution of the internet. The usage of multilingual content is excluded from the regional language users because of the language barrier. So, machine translation between languages is the only possible solution to make these contents available for regional language users. Machine translation is the process of translating a text from one language to another. The machine translation system has been investigated well already in English and other European languages. However, it is still a nascent stage for Indian languages. This paper presents an overview of the Machine Translation in Indian Languages shared task conducted on September 7–8, 2017, at Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham, Coimbatore, India. This machine translation shared task in Indian languages is mainly focused on the development of English-Tamil, English-Hindi, English-Malayalam and English-Punjabi language pairs. This shared task aims at the following objectives: (a) to examine the state-of-the-art machine translation systems when translating from English to Indian languages; (b) to investigate the challenges faced in translating between English to Indian languages; (c) to create an open-source parallel corpus for Indian languages, which is lacking. Evaluating machine translation output is another challenging task especially for Indian languages. In this shared task, we have evaluated the participant's outputs with the help of human annotators. As far as we know, this is the first shared task which depends completely on the human evaluation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plagiarism is polluting the academic and research environment globally. The digitization of contents or every type of information available and accessible through Internet is the main cause for plagiarism. Even some famous faces are facing the allegations of plagiarism worldwide. In this paper, it is tried to explore the awareness about the plagiarism, copyright and fare use among the doctoral research students of Chaudhary Charan Singh Haryana Agricultural University (CCS HAU), Hisar. To examine the awareness and views about the plagiarism among the doctoral research students, a survey is conducted with the help of structured questionnaire in the month of November 2018, which revealed some interesting facts. Results revealed that 53.43% of the respondents were fully aware about the plagiarism, however, lack of good writing skills (71.23%) and language problem (64.38%) were the two major reasons for doing plagiarism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years, many publicly traded companies have started using Internet as a new channel to inform current and potential investors about their performance, which has resulted in firm benefits such as enhanced market exposure, increased analyst coverage and institutional following. This paper investigates the extent to which Indian listed companies use the Internet for Investor Relations (IR) purposes. To achieve this goal, a website investigation of the 50 Indian companies listed on the National Stock Exchange (NSE) and which constitute a part of S&P CNX Nifty is carried out. The objective of the paper is to identify the stage Indian listed companies are in as regards the Internet usage for disclosing information to their investors. To fulfill the same, the websites of select 50 companies have been extensively studied and analyzed on six broad premises, namely, website content, navigation, usage of multimedia devices, site interactivity, timeliness and regulatory entanglement issues. The results suggest that Indian companies have been able to take only partial advantage of Internet and have badly failed in fulfilling the parameters pertaining to usage of multimedia devices and interactivity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Internet is considered the fastest growing educational medium due to its multiple advantages such as user-interface, flexible time, learner friendly formats and contents. As a media for education, use of internet for education still is in its infancy in India. In this context, a research study was conducted on the patterns of internet usage among different categories of students. Examining notions on the possession, purpose, frequency, timing and duration of usage of internet in higher education, the study also assessed the outcomes indicated by user satisfaction. The study found that internet enjoys high popularity among students for educational usage and that its effectiveness is satisfactory as the online contents match the curriculum requirements. There remains a scope for providing greater accessibility and customization of contents at the local levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Investigates the effect of marketer generated content and user sentiment on interaction. • Multilevel modelling is performed on 2971 Facebook posts. • Remunerative and Informative content increase comments and shares respectively. • Photos and videos increase comments and shares respectively. • Positive user sentiment triggers subsequent user interaction. Facebook fan page of brands acts as a potential brand promotion platform, and it is critical for marketers to understand the subtleties of the users' interaction. The study examines the effect of marketer generated content—content type and media type—and the associated user sentiments on user interaction using sentiment mining technique and multi-level modelling. For this study, approximately 3000 marketer content and 26 million user impressions taken from the Facebook brand pages of the top 25 mobile phone brands of India were analyzed. The analysis reveals that the comments expressing user sentiments positively and recursively influence the likes and shares related to the marketers' content. Entertainment, remuneration, and information based content garnered maximum likes, comments, and shares, respectively. The influence of media type on user interaction had a varied effect. The findings will facilitate the marketers of mobile phones in formulating an effective Facebook content strategy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]