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Parmotrema perlatum, a lichen belonging to the family Parmeliaceae, is well known for its culinary benefits and aroma used as a condiment in Indian homes is also known as the "black stone flower" or "kalpasi" in India. This research intends to analyze the antioxidant power of the crude extracts using four pH‐based buffers solubilized proteins/peptides and RP‐HPLC fractions of P. perlatum obtained by purification. The proteins that were extracted from the four different buffers were examined using LC‐MS/MS‐based peptide mass fingerprinting. When compared to the other buffers, the 0.1 M of Tris‐HCl buffer pH 8.0 solubilized proteins/peptides had the strongest antioxidant capacity. The sequential purification of the peptide was carried out by using a 3‐kDa cut‐off membrane filter and semipreparative RP‐HPLC. Additionally, the purified fractions of the peptide's antioxidant activity were assessed, and effects were compared with those of the crude and 3 kDa cut‐‐off membrane filtrates. The peptide fractions were sequenced by LC‐MS/MS, which reveals that fraction 2 from RP‐HPLC with the sequence LSWFMVVAP has shown the highest antioxidant potential in comparison with other fractions which can serve as the potential natural antioxidant drug. Further, fraction 2 also showed antibacterial activity against the selected microorganisms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Borassus flabellifer L., commonly known as Asian palmyra, is native to South and Southeast Asia. The endosperms of B. flabellifer (known as nungu in Dravidian culture) are widely consumed during the summer season. It is rich in various nutrients and helps in reducing weight, treating skin and digestive issues, lowering body temperature, and managing migraines and diabetes. This study focuses on identifying the small molecules and proteins from the two varieties of B. flabellifer tender fruit endosperms collected from districts around Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India. The collected free nuclear endosperm was subjected to direct extraction and the mesocarp and cellular endosperms were lyophilized and homogenized. Metabolites were extracted by hexane, methanol, and chloroform and investigated using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The compounds identified were from the classes of carboxylic acids, flavonoids, amino acids, alkaloids, fatty acids, oligopeptides, vitamins, and glycosides. High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique was employed to estimate the quantity of amino acids, wherein the total amino acid in the green variety was found to be higher than in the black variety. Proteins were identified after simulating with a gastrointestinal enzyme using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS)-based peptide mass fingerprinting. The different mineral oxides present in the tender fruit endosperm were identified using X-ray diffraction studies, which confirmed the presence of mineral oxides, such as Br 1.25 ClO 2.75 Pb 3.88 , calcium zirconium tantalum oxide, and barium fluoroniobate. This study validates the presence of bioactive metabolites in green and black varieties of B. flabellifer tender fruit endosperm with a range of activities, such as anti-inflammatory, antibacterial, anticancer, and anti-diabetic properties.