524 results on '"Gill IS"'
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2. Disruption to School Examinations in Our Past
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Cooke, Gillian and Elliott, Gill
- Abstract
In times of crisis it is good to look back. Not only is it comforting, but better understanding of events in our past can inform decision-making and help us find direction at uncertain times. COVID-19 may have presented new challenges, but this exploration of historical disruptions to school exams highlights themes and a recognisable human spirit. For this study Gillian Cooke and Gill Elliott have identified five crisis events in the history of Cambridge Assessment and tracked responses to these circumstances through documents held in the corporate archive. The flu pandemic of 1918, two World Wars, Indian Partition and the Strikes of the 1970s all, in different ways, pushed the boundaries of examination administration. The search yields both short, and long-term responses and reveals just how much the impact of a crisis is connected to the society that deals with it.
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- 2021
3. Understanding Parental School Choice in Varied Socio-Economic Milieus: A Case Study of a Village in Punjab
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Narwana, Kamlesh and Gill, Angrej Singh
- Abstract
With the upsurge of private schools, parents are struggling with a variety of schooling options. Given the exclusionary nature of privatisation, the market has led to the reproduction of social inequality amidst a plurality of choice. By mapping the school choice process, the article aims to explore school choice in the varied socio-economic milieu in a village in Punjab. Based on the qualitative data collected with the help of semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions (FGDs), the study draws linkages between the determinants of school choice and the positionality of parents. The findings of the study dissect the simple yet complex process of school choice along common factors, that is, teachers, quality of education, learning environment, English education and private tutoring. Drawing upon the nuanced analysis of these factors with parental socio-economic background, the study argues that it is important to understand the varied expectations, aspirations and challenges of parents from diverse sections to comprehend the school choice process.
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- 2022
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4. Experiences and challenges of people living with multiple long-term conditions in managing their care in primary care settings in Kerala, India: A qualitative study.
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Joseph, Linju, Krishnan, Athira, Lekha, Thoniparambil Ravindranathanpillai, Sasidharan, Neethu, Thulaseedharan, Jissa Vinoda, Valamparampil, Mathew Joseph, Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai, Greenfield, Sheila, Gill, Paramjit, Davies, Justine, Manaseki-Holland, Semira, and Jeemon, Panniyammakal
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PRIMARY care ,PATIENTS' attitudes ,HEALTH facilities ,INTEGRATED health care delivery ,MEDICATION therapy management - Abstract
Background: Multimorbidity or multiple long-term conditions (MLTCs), the coexistence of two or more chronic conditions within an individual, presents a growing concern for healthcare systems and individuals' well-being. However, we know little about the experiences of those living with MLTCs in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) such as India. We explore how people living with MLTCs describe their illness, their engagements with healthcare services, and challenges they face within primary care settings in Kerala, India. Methods: We designed a qualitative descriptive study and conducted in-depth, semi-structured interviews with 31 people (16 males and 15 females) from family health centres (FHCs) in Kerala. Interview data were recorded, transcribed, and thematic analysis using the Framework Method was undertaken. Findings: Two main themes and three sub-themes each were identified; (1) Illness impacts on life (a)physical issues (b) psychological difficulties (c) challenges of self-management and (2) Care-coordination maze (a)fragmentation and poor continuity of care (b) medication management; an uphill battle and (c) primary care falling short. All participants reported physical and psychological challenges associated with their MLTCs. Younger participants reported difficulties in their professional lives, while older participants found household activities challenging. Emotional struggles encompassed feelings of hopelessness and fear rooted in concerns about chronic illness and physical limitations. Older participants, adhering to Kerala's familial support norms, often found themselves emotionally distressed by the notion of burdening their children. Challenges in self-management, such as dietary restrictions, medication adherence, and physical activity engagement, were common. The study highlighted difficulties in coordinating care, primarily related to traveling to multiple healthcare facilities, and patients' perceptions of FHCs as fit for diabetes and hypertension management rather than their multiple conditions. Additionally, participants struggled to manage the task of remembering and consistently taking multiple medications, which was compounded by confusion and memory-related issues. Conclusion: This study offers an in-depth view of the experiences of individuals living with MLTCs from Kerala, India. It emphasizes the need for tailored and patient-centred approaches that enhance continuity and coordination of care to manage complex MLTCs in India and similar LMICs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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5. Environmental public hearings and intersectionality: women's voices from Gujarat, India.
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GILL, GITANJALI NAIN and JOSHI, FALGUNI
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RURAL women , *PUBLIC meetings , *INTERSECTIONALITY , *SEX discrimination , *ENVIRONMENTAL justice , *SOCIAL systems , *PUBLIC sphere - Abstract
This article examines the application of the intersectionality framework to the Indian statutory institutional environmental public hearing (EPH) process that seeks to promote environmental justice. Intersectionality provides a framework to capture the processes of gender marginalization and exclusion. It critically demonstrates how the required gender participation in the regulatory EPH process is failing rural women in the state of Gujarat, India, thereby exacerbating discrimination and inequality. Building on the researchers' mixed‐methods (quantitative and qualitative) data, the article creates an evidence‐based 'fresh dossier' reflecting the non‐existent or limited participatory involvement of women as valuable stakeholders in the EPH process. Drawing on the evidence of lived experiences creates spaces for women's voices that are excluded from the social system due to dominant powers and institutional structures. We argue that respecting the diversity of interests and identities of rural Gujarati women within the institutionalized public sphere would promote participation and recognition of their knowledge and role as crucial stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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6. Population prediction model of citrus psylla, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama on Kinnow Mandarin using weather data in Punjab, India.
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SINGH, SANDEEP, SANDHU, RAJWINDER KAUR, SANDHU, S. S., GILL, K. K., SIRAJ, MASRAT, RAMI REDDY, P. VENKATA, and PATIL, PRAKASH
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PREDICTION models ,STANDARD deviations ,CITRUS ,FIELD research ,HUMIDITY - Abstract
Field experiments were carried out to study the population dynamics of citrus psylla, Diaphorina citri Kuwayama on Kinnow Mandarin for twelve years (2007-08 to 2019-20) in relation to different weather parameters and to develop population prediction model. Adult psyllids were observed throughout the year but the population was very low during November-January. Two population peaks were observed during March and September. Highest mean population (80.8 nymphs/25 twigs) was observed during second fortnight of September which varied in different years. Psyllid population showed significant and positive correlation with maximum and minimum temperature, vapour pressure, wind speed, sunshine hours, rainfall and negative correlation with relative humidity and number of rainy days. A weather-based model was developed to predict psylla population seven days in advance. The validation of the model carried out using various indices viz, root mean square error, coefficient of determination, Nash-Sutcliffe efficiency and mean bias error suggested that, the model predicted the population of citrus psylla quite satisfactorily. Thus, the developed model can be used satisfactorily for weather-based prediction of citrus psylla in Punjab, seven days in advance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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7. PREVALENCE OF HIGH-RISK HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS (HR-HPV) GENOTYPES IN CLINICAL SAMPLES OF SEXUALLY ACTIVE WOMEN: A HOSPITAL BASED STUDY.
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Yadav, Amod Kumar, Kumar, Rohit, Gupta, Tanuj, Gill, Paramjeet Singh, and Kumari, Reenu
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HUMAN papillomavirus ,SEXUALLY transmitted diseases ,CARCINOGENS ,PAPILLOMAVIRUS diseases ,GENITAL warts ,GENOTYPES ,AUJESZKY'S disease virus - Abstract
Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the world and is classified as a carcinogenic infectious agent by the International Agency for Research on Cancer. However, only some HPV strains are oncogenic. The oncogenicity of the virus is primarily dependent on the continuous expression and activity of the viral proteins E6 and E7. HPV-16, 18, 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 56, 58, 59, 66, 68, 73 and 82 are considered highrisk genotypes, Of the high-risk HPV types, HPV16 is the most frequently detected at the population level, and it is by far the predominant type causing invasive cervical cancer worldwide (~60%), followed by HPV18 (~15%) [23]. HPV serotypes 16 and 18 together cause up to 70% of invasive cervical cancer worldwide. Cervical cancer ranks as the 2nd leading cause of female cancer in India. This is the most frequently occurring type of cancer in women aged 15 to 44 years after breast cancer. Objective: To study the qualitative detection of Human papillomavirus (HPV) DNA in clinical samples and genotyping of 14 high-risk (HR-HPV). Material and Method: The present study has been done on the women attending Obstetrics and Gynaecology OPD in the regional tertiary care hospital with symptomatic gynaecological problems due to the presence of Human Papillomavirus infections. Hence in the present study, we have used Real-Time PCR (BIO-RAD, CFX96 Real-Time System) for HPV DNA testing by using "TRUPCR® HPV High Risk Genotyping Plus Kit" as per manufacturer's instructions. Results: The prevalence of HPV is 23.24% in the present study. In which HPV16 accounts for 62.79% of the total prevalence followed by HPV58 (9.3%), HPV31, HPV33, and HPV39 each having prevalence of 6.97%. Next in descending order were HPV35, HPV51, and HPV68 having a prevalence of 4.65%, 4.65% and 2.32% respectively. Conclusion: It has been observed that there is a high prevalence of HPV16 followed by HPV58, 31, 33, 35 and 39. Our study further recommends studying the prevalence and genotyping variations in the locality before providing a vaccine in the vaccination schedule as an effective prophylactic means. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
8. An Exploratory Cross-sectional Study on Public Stigma against Coronavirus Disease 2019 from Punjab.
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Gill, Neha, Garg, Jasmin, and Garg, Rohit
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CROSS-sectional method ,ATTITUDES toward illness ,DATA analysis ,INTERVIEWING ,PUBLIC opinion ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,MANN Whitney U Test ,RESEARCH ,RESEARCH methodology ,STATISTICS ,SOCIAL skills ,DATA analysis software ,COVID-19 ,SOCIAL stigma - Abstract
Background: Stigma perceived by persons affected with Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and their family members has been reported in the literature. This study aimed to evaluate COVID-19-related public stigma in detail in a regional area of Punjab, North India. Materials and Methods: It was a cross-sectional, hospital-based, descriptive study. Four hundred and eighty-eight participants were recruited and administered Explanatory Model Interview Catalogue-Stigma Scale to measure public stigma against COVID-19. The data were analyzed using Mann--Whitney test and Spearman correlation coefficient. Results: >78.68% participants believed that people in their community avoided a person affected by COVID-19, 76.6% believed that COVID-19 caused problems for family. More than 70% participants responded that people refused to visit the home of an affected person and it created difficulties for an affected person to find work. Nearly 70% responded that people dislike buying food from an affected person. 60% participants responded that sufferers would have concerns related to disclosure of illness. On the positive side, majority participants responded that COVID-19 would not lead to difficulties in finding match for the sufferer's marriage (57.8%) or relative's marriage (80.3%) or would not lead to problems in ongoing marriage (61.7%). Nearly 60% also responded that people would not think less of themselves if a family member had COVID-19 and it would not cause shame and embarrassment in community (58.8%). Conclusion: Public stigma for COVID-19 was high in some forms (avoidance, disclosure concerns, difficulty in finding work, etc.) and low in some other forms (like marriage-related issues, shame, and embarrassment in community). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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9. Climate Change and India's Cities: Judicial Responses through the Lens of Sustainability Transformations.
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Gill, Gitanjali Nain
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CITIES & towns ,GREENHOUSE gases ,SUSTAINABILITY ,CLIMATE change laws ,RENEWABLE energy sources ,JUDGE-made law - Abstract
Cities and urban communities constitute a challenging paradox. They are contributors to climate change and simultaneously are essential focal bases for economic activity. Urbanization, population growth, economic development, and prosperity contribute to increased city greenhouse gas emissions. Envisioning and shaping a shift toward more ambitious climate responses is both an opportunity and a challenge for cities to action transformations toward sustainability. The discourse on sustainability transformations involves the reorientation and restructuring of governance processes and actions. Though the governance of transformation involves multiple actors, this article examines the role of the Indian judiciary in steering a transformation process toward a sustainable and equitable future. Indian city-and-climate-change case law is examined as a case study. Sectoral examples from construction, waste, livestock, transport, and renewable energy illustrate key areas addressed through the judicial incremental-reformist approach. Bolstering the implementation and enforcement of environmental and climate laws alongside the infusion of a powerful sustainability agenda, the Indian judiciary creates enabling conditions for transformational change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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10. Antibody Screening, Identification and Red Cell Alloimmunisation Analysis in Multi-Transfused Patients at a Tertiary Care Hospital, Amritsar, India.
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SINGH, AKASHDEEP, KAUR, HARJOT, GARG, PARUL, KAUR, SHABAD PREET, KHURANA, BIKRAMJIT SINGH, KAUR, JAPNEET, GILL, KARAMJIT SINGH, and VERMA, DEEPAK
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CELL analysis ,ERYTHROCYTES ,BLOOD transfusion reaction ,MEDICAL screening ,TERTIARY care ,BLOOD groups - Abstract
Introduction: Alloimmunisation to red blood cell antigens, resulting from genetic disparities between donors and recipients, is one of the risks associated with blood transfusions. Antibody screening cells are used to detect unexpected antibodies. The risk of alloimmunisation is higher in patients who have undergone multiple blood transfusions. Aim: To estimate the frequency of various Red Blood Cell (RBC) alloantibodies and to determine the types of antibodies present in repeatedly transfused patients. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 200 patients with a history of multiple blood transfusions from October 1, 2019, to April 30, 2021, at the blood centre of Sri Guru Ram Das Institute of Medical Sciences and Research (SGRDIMSR), Amritsar, Punjab, India. Antibody detection and identification were performed, and the results were recorded. The data was statistically analysed using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0 to draw relevant conclusions. The observations were tabulated in the form of numbers and percentages. Categorical data was analysed using the Chi-square test. The level of significance was determined as p≤0.05. Results: The study included 200 patients who were on multiple transfusions. The most common blood group among the patients was B positive (39%), followed by O positive (26%). The majority of patients (73.50%) had solid malignancies, followed by 28 (14%) thalassemia patients and 25 (12.50%) patients with chronic kidney disease. Solid malignancies included patients with breast cancer, cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, prostate cancer, and liver cancer. Alloantibodies were found in 15 patients (7.50%), of which 11 had solid malignancies and 4 had thalassemia. The most frequent antibody detected was the anti-K antibody (40%). Alloantibody formation was observed in both males and females. However, no statistical significance was found between gender and alloimmunisation (p=0.940). Conclusion: The effect of alloimmunisation can be avoided by routine RBC antibody screening before blood transfusion, especially in patients with a history of multiple blood transfusions. These measures decrease the incidence of red blood cell alloimmunisation and delayed hemolytic transfusion reactions in multi-transfused patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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11. Port site infection due to atypical mycobacteria after laparoscopic surgery in tertiary care hospital of north India.
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Gill, Avtar Singh and Gill, Preet Harvinder Singh
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LAPAROSCOPIC surgery , *MYCOBACTERIA , *SURGICAL site , *SURGICAL site infections , *TERTIARY care - Abstract
Introduction: Despite employing the conventional decontamination methods and protocols, atypical mycobacteria can thrive in situations that make them difficult to eliminate. As a result, outbreaks brought on by these germs may be the result of mistakes made during the sterilization process for laparoscopic instruments. The goal is to investigate an epidemic of postlaparoscopic wound infection caused by an unusual mycobacterium. Materials and Methods: An institution-based cross-sectional study was carried out from Feb 2021 to May 2021 over a four-month period. A total of 14 patients were diagnosed with postlaparoscopic surgery site wound infections, which were then treated with the proper antibiotics after being diagnosed using Ziehl-Neelsen (ZN) staining and pus culture on Lowenstein Jensen (LJ) medium. Environmental samples were obtained for additional examination, and the isolation rates (%) of atypical mycobacteria from these samples were examined. Results: In all study subjects, atypical mycobacteria were the main culprits behind postlaparoscopic surgery site wound infections. Laparoscopic surgical tools, utilized disinfectant (gluteraldehyde disinfectant solution were among the causes of atypical mycobacterial contamination discovered during infection control inspections of the operating rooms (OTs). Conclusion: Atypical mycobacteria that do not grow on routine bacterial culture should be looked into further if the results of routine bacterial culture on samples taken from port locations were negative. Since prompt and effective therapy of patients with postlaparoscopic surgical site infections is crucial, high indexes of suspicion are advised. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
12. A review of the status, threats and management priorities of a remnant population of Indus River dolphins in the Beas River, India.
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Braulik, Gill, Kanwar, Gitanjali, Nawab, Asghar, Khan, Mohammad Shahnawaz, Behera, Sandeep K., and Rajkumar, Basanta
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DOLPHINS ,AQUATIC ecology ,FISHING nets ,STREAMFLOW ,ENDANGERED species - Abstract
The Indus River dolphin (Platanista minor) is a severely threatened species of freshwater dolphin that occurs only in the lower Indus River system of Pakistan and India. The dolphin's range has declined by 80% since the 1870s, and total species abundance is estimated as approximately 2000 individuals.In 2007, a remnant population of Indus dolphins was discovered above Harike Barrage, in the Beas River in India, 600 km away from all other individuals of its species. This paper provides an overview of the conservation status of Indus dolphins in the Beas River, details the threats they face, and suggests priorities for their conservation and management.Between 2011 and 2022, 40 dolphin direct count surveys were conducted. Indus dolphins occur only in the lower third of the Beas River and reported counts have been from one to eight individuals. The data do not indicate an increase in abundance, and instead suggest a potential decrease; however, sightings of calves continue to be reported annually indicating reproduction is still taking place.Threats to the Beas River dolphin population include accidental entanglement in fishing gear, pollution, escapement downstream of Harike barrage, altered and depleted river flow regimes' and the effects of a very small population size. Urgent conservation measures are essential if this small, but important satellite population is to persist.Recommended management actions include the complete removal of fishing nets from dolphin habitat, reducing pollution, ensuring adequate river discharge to sustain aquatic ecology including dolphins, evaluating and monitoring dolphin movement through Harike barrage and into canals, and engaging riverside communities to protect dolphins. In addition, the possibility of conservation translocations to supplement this population with individuals from larger healthy populations elsewhere in the range of the species should be explored. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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13. Trichinella spp. in Slaughtered Pigs of India: From Neglected Disease to an Emerging Food Safety Threat for Public Health.
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Kalambhe, Deepali Gopal, Kaur, Harpreet, and Gill, Jatinder Paul Singh
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TRICHINELLA ,NEGLECTED diseases ,FOOD safety ,PUBLIC safety ,SWINE ,MEAT inspection ,CYSTICERCOSIS ,HEPATITIS E virus - Abstract
Background. In India, Trichinella nematode worm remains highly neglected due to the paucity of research. Recent trichinellosis outbreaks in humans associated with pork meal in north India have highlighted an emerging food safety concern due to this neglected parasite. Aim. This study aimed to ascertain the existence of Trichinella species and to identify them in slaughtered pigs intended for human consumption in the Punjab and Uttaranchal regions of North India. Materials and Methods. A total of 1,194 slaughter pig tongue samples were screened in 239 pools using the double separatory funnel method for recovery of Trichinella larvae. The species of recovered larvae were confirmed by multiplex PCR assay and sequencing. A phylogenetic tree was constructed to ascertain the closest lineage. Results. This study reported 3.77% and 1.26% Trichinella positivity in pooled and individual pig samples, respectively. Pigs slaughtered in Punjab reported higher positivity (1.73%) than pigs in Uttaranchal (0.81%). Among all places, Jalandhar recorded highest positivity of 5.66%, followed by 2.22% in Nainital and 0.8% in Patiala, whereas none of the pig samples from Chandigarh, Ludhiana, Bathinda, Tehri Garhwal, Pauri Garhwal, Kashipur, Haridwar was positive. Molecular confirmation by PCR and sequencing confirmed the recovered Trichinella larvae as T. britovi and T. nelsoni. Conclusion. Trichinella parasite remained highly neglected in India; however, the detection of sylvatic Trichinella species in pigs intended for human consumption indicated the emergence of zoonotic foodborne risk at wild animal-domestic pig and human interfaces. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first study reporting T. britovi and T. nelsoni in pigs of North India. Trichinella positivity in slaughtered pigs is an early alarm for the emergence of foodborne risk from this neglected parasitic worm. Considering the importance of pigs as a source of meat and their role as a reservoir for Trichinella raised the food safety concern that warrants strict meat inspection and extensive studies on neglected parasites in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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14. Using regional relaxation experiments to understand the development of errors in the Asian Summer Monsoon.
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Martin, Gill M. and Rodriguez, Jose M.
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MONSOONS ,OCEAN temperature ,BOUNDARY layer (Aerodynamics) - Abstract
We describe the use of regional relaxation ("nudging") experiments carried out in initialised hindcasts to shed light on the contribution from particular regions to the errors developing in the Asian Summer Monsoon. Results so far confirm previous hypotheses that errors in the Maritime Continent region contribute substantially to the East Asia Summer Monsoon (EASM) circulation errors through their effects on the Western North Pacific Subtropical High. Locally forced errors over the Indian region also contribute to the EASM errors. Errors arising over the Maritime Continent region also affect the circulation and sea surface temperatures in the Equatorial Indian Ocean region, contributing to a persistent error pattern resembling a positive Indian Ocean Dipole phase. This is associated with circulation errors over India and the strengthening and extension of the westerly jet across southeast Asia and the South China Sea into the Western Pacific, thereby affecting the ASM circulation and rainfall patterns as a whole. However, errors developing rapidly in the deeper equatorial Indian Ocean, apparently independently of the atmosphere errors, are also contributing to this bias pattern. Preliminary analysis of nudging increments over the Maritime Continent region suggests that these errors may at least partly be related to deficiencies in the convection and boundary layer parametrisations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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15. Antimicrobial stewardship and clinical pharmacist interventions in an Indian tertiary care hospital.
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Dawaiwala, Idris, Raut, Shrikant, Fuse, Monika, Shaji, Sharook, Chaudhari, Piyush, Padbidri, Vikram, Gill, Satyajit S., and Patwardhan, Vivek
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ANTIMICROBIAL stewardship ,PHARMACISTS ,TERTIARY care ,DRUG resistance in microorganisms ,COMMUNICABLE diseases - Abstract
Objective: Comprehensive antimicrobial stewardship programs (ASPs) are needed in Indian healthcare settings due to high rates of communicable diseases and excessive antibiotic use. However, the implementation of both ASPs and clinical pharmacists (CPs) into the system is still in its nascent stages in India. Therefore, our study aims to evaluate the type and acceptance rates of CP interventions in the implementation of ASPs and its impact on antimicrobial utilization. Methods: A single‐center quasi‐experimental study was conducted at Jehangir Hospital, India, wherein prescribed antimicrobials were subjected to evaluation by CPs using the prospective audit and feedback approach. The antimicrobials were reviewed for loading dose, dosages as per creatinine clearance (CrCl), weight, suitability with site of infection, drug interactions, de‐escalations, and therapeutic duplications. Impact on antimicrobial utilization in pre‐intervention (April 2021 to March 2022) and intervention (April 2022 to March 2023) periods were compared using daily defined dose (DDD) per 1000 in‐patient days, following World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines. Results: During the intervention period, 485 out of 609 proposed interventions (79.6%) were implemented. Of these, 417 (85.9%) pertained to intravenous (IV) antimicrobials, while the remaining 68 (14.1%) involved oral formulations. Notably, interventions proposing antibiotic de‐escalations showed higher acceptance rates on Days 3, 5, 7, and 10 compared with other days (p = 0.027). Dosing based on CrCl yielded the highest acceptance rate (50/56, 89.2%). Significant reductions were observed in the DDDs of polymyxins by 58% (3.48–1.29), carbapenems by 7% (57.09–52.85), and glycopeptides by 10% (47.44–42.73). The reduction in these three classes combined was statistically significant (p = 0.04, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.3–7.0). Conclusion: This study highlights the vital role of CP interventions within the healthcare team in optimizing antimicrobial pharmacotherapy. The noteworthy reduction in DDDs of restricted antimicrobials provides compelling evidence of the impact CPs can have on antimicrobial consumption and the fight against antimicrobial resistance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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16. Instruction in Indian Secondary Schools: The Indirect Effect of Teacher Humor on Student Engagement Through Interest.
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Rudick, C. Kyle, Goodboy, Alan K., Vadhera, Aashita Singh, Gill, Seerat, Goel, Jai Madhav, Atwal, Jasleen Kaur, Gupta, Divij, Saluja, Khushi, Nimbokar, Arunima, Singh, Kanwardeep, Kapoor, Siya, Kaur, Simrandeep, Jetley, Ojas, and Malik, Sehar
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STUDENT engagement ,SECONDARY schools ,STUDENT interests ,LAUGHTER - Abstract
This study tested the indirect effect of instructor course-related humor on student engagement through situational interest (mediation-by-situational interest hypothesis) in the Indian, grades 9–12 context. We hypothesized that instructors' use of humor would provide an affective trigger to Indian students' emotional interest (i.e., catch), which in turn, would foster cognitive interest (i.e., hold), ultimately leading to increased student engagement. We found evidence for serial indirect effects on students' silent in-class engagement, oral in-class engagement, and thinking about course content, supporting the mediation-by-situational interest hypothesis. We encourage instructional scholars to generalize beyond primarily White and U.S.-born college students. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2024
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17. AGE AND SEX DISTRIBUTION OF CHOLELITHIASIS IN TERTIARY HOSPITAL OF NORTHERN INDIA.
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Jain, Puneet, Singh, Narinder, Gill, Hardeep Singh, Lubana, Anantbir Singh, and Gurmanpreet
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AGE distribution ,SEX distribution ,GALLSTONES ,AGE groups ,GALLBLADDER ,GALLBLADDER cancer - Abstract
Gallbladder disease is a common health problem throughout the world. The commonest reason is gallstones accounting for over 90% of cases. Gallstones can occur in any age group of both the sexes. Incidence of gallstones increases with age and is more common in female population including both symptomatic and asymptomatic cases. The present study was conducted to assess the age and sex distribution of cholelithiasis cases in tertiary hospital of northern india. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
18. Clinical study on antifungal drug resistance among cases of dermatophytosis in patients reporting to multiple tertiary care hospitals.
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Singh Gill, Jaswinder, Chatterjee, Manas, Baveja, Sukruti, Hazra, Nandita, Tandel, Kundan, R, Vijendran, and Verma, Rajesh
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RINGWORM ,HOSPITAL care ,TERTIARY care ,DRUG resistance ,MYCOSES ,ONYCHOMYCOSIS - Abstract
In a tropical country like India, the warm and humid climate plays an important role in the increased incidence of superficial fungal infections. This is a study to identify the causative fungi of dermatophytosis and their in vitro antifungal susceptibility pattern among patients reporting to multiple tertiary care hospitals. Skin scrapping, nail clipping, and hair follicles were processed for microscopy, culture, and antifungal susceptibility testing as per standard guidelines. Antifungal susceptibility was performed as per published by Clinical Laboratory Standards Institute for yeasts (M27–A3) and filamentous fungi (M38–A2). The study sample had a predominantly male population with the commonest age group being 21–30 years (39.57%) followed by 31–40 years (31.46%). Tinea corporis (57.30%) was the most common clinical presentation followed by tinea cruris (20.85%) and onychomycosis (14.73%). Microscopy positivity was 43.19%, while culture positivity was 23.97%. Dermatophytes accounted for the majority of isolates. All fungal isolates had high minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) to fluconazole, suggesting that dermatophytes are possibly resistant to this drug. Trichophyton mentagrophytes is confirmed as the dominant pathogen of dermatophytosis in all three tertiary care hospitals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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19. Development of improved genotypes for extra early maturity, higher yield and Mungbean Yellow Mosaic India Virus (MYMIV) resistance in soybean (Glycine max).
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Maranna, Shivakumar, Kumawat, Giriraj, Nataraj, Vennampally, Gill, Balwinder S., Nargund, Raghavendra, Sharma, Avani, Rajput, Laxman Singh, Ratnaparkhe, Milind B., and Gupta, Sanjay
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SOYBEAN ,MUNG bean ,MOSAIC viruses ,INTERCROPPING ,GENOTYPE-environment interaction ,DISEASE clusters ,SUGARCANE ,GENOTYPES - Abstract
Context: Breeding for early maturity and higher yield is the principal objective in genetic improvement of Indian soybean. Yellow Mosaic Disease caused by Mungbean Yellow Mosaic India Virus (MYMIV) causes 80% yield loss in soybean. Aims: This study aimed to develop early maturing, MYMIV resistant and high yielding soybean genotypes for enhancing soybean production and expanding the land area under cropping. Methods: MYMIV resistance was introgressed from G. soja in to a widely adaptable cultivar JS 335 through a series of four generations of backcrosses and by evaluating derived progeny against MYMIV at a disease hot spot. Key results: An extra-early maturing (71 days) genetic stock called NRC 252 was developed, which can be a potential gene donor in breeding for early maturing soybean varieties. Introgression lines YMV 1, YMV 2, YMV 11 and YMV 16 with MYMIV resistance and higher yield performance over recurrent parent and other check varieties were identified and characterised. Biplot analysis, assessing the main effect of genotype and the interaction of genotype with environment, revealed an ideal genotype with respect to 100-seed weight and grain yield that was also promising under sugarcane-soybean intercropping system in spring season. Conclusions: Alleles from wild type soybean could improve yield attributing traits and MYMIV resistance in cultivated soybean. Improved genotypes such as YMV 1, YMV 2, YMV 11 and YMV 16 were found superior to the recurrent parent JS 335 as well as other check varieties. Implications: The genotypes developed in the present study will help in reducing the damage caused by MYMIV disease and expansion of the area of soybean cultivation through intercropping with sugarcane. Genes conferring economically important traits, like disease resistance, were successfully introgressed from wild type soybean Glycine soja. We developed improved genotypes with resistance to mungbean yellow mosaic India virus, and high grain yield, within the genetic background of a more widely adaptable soybean variety; and developed the earliest-maturing soybean breeding material (71 days). The resulting genotypes are suitable for intercropping with sugarcane and have implications for enhancing soybean production in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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20. Development of Indian summer monsoon precipitation biases in two seasonal forecasting systems and their response to large-scale drivers.
- Author
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Keane, Richard J., Srivastava, Ankur, and Martin, Gill M.
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MONSOONS ,OCEAN temperature ,SEASONS ,MADDEN-Julian oscillation ,SUMMER - Abstract
The Met Office Global Coupled Model (GC) and the NCEP Climate Forecast System (CFSv2) are both widely used for predicting and simulating the Indian summer monsoon (ISM), and previous studies have demonstrated similarities in the biases in both systems at a range of time scales from weather forecasting to climate simulation. In this study, ISM biases are studied in seasonal forecasting setups of the two systems, in order to provide insight into how they develop across time scales. Similarities are found in the development of the biases between the two systems, with an initial reduction in precipitation followed by a recovery associated with an increasingly cyclonic wind field to the north-east of India. However, this occurs on longer time scales in CFSv2, with a much stronger recovery followed by a second reduction associated with sea surface temperature (SST) biases, so that the bias at longer lead times is of a similar magnitude to that in GC. In GC, the precipitation bias is almost fully developed within a lead time of just eight days, suggesting that carrying out simulations with short time integrations may be sufficient for obtaining substantial insight into the biases in much longer simulations. The relationship between the precipitation and SST biases in GC seems to be more complex than in CFSv2, and is different during the early part of the monsoon season from during the later part of the monsoon season. The relationship of the bias with large-scale drivers is also investigated, using the Boreal Summer IntraSeasonal Oscillation (BSISO) index as a measure of whether the large-scale dynamics favours increasing, active, decreasing or break monsoon conditions. Both models simulate decreasing conditions the best and increasing conditions the worst, in agreement with previous studies and extending these previous results to include CFSv2 and multiple BSISO cycles. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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21. Early neonatal hypoglycemia in exclusively breastfed babies in a developing country – India.
- Author
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Gill, Simran, Peterson, Rachel, Christ, Joy, and George, Carolin
- Subjects
- *
SMALL for gestational age , *LOW birth weight , *NEONATAL intensive care units , *HYPOGLYCEMIA , *BIRTH weight - Abstract
Background: Neonatal hypoglycemia has been a cause for concern due to increasingly frequent reports of long-term sequelae, leading to undue concern and inadvertent administration of formula feeds. Though hypoglycemia is usually encountered only in neonates with classical risk factors, hypoglycemia is also rarely seen even in babies with no known risk factors. These babies may present only with sequelae in later childhood. Methods: This is a hospital-based observational, prospective study. We included 299 exclusively breastfed neonates who were shifted to mother's side with no congenital malformation or need for neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) admission. The neonates were studied in two groups: " At Risk" and "No Risk." The "At Risk" group included babies with known risk factors like low birth weight, late preterm (34–36 weeks), small for gestational age (birth weight <10th centile), infant of a diabetic mother, or large for gestational age (birth weight >90th centile). Hypoglycemia was the primary outcome measured independent of feeding time for both groups. For the "At Risk" group, monitoring was done at 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 12, 24 plus 48 h. For the "Not At Risk" group, it was done at 12 and 24 h of life. The factors associated with both groups were studies as the secondary outcome. Results and Conclusion: Out of 299 exclusively breastfed neonates, 13% were hypoglycemic. 27.06% were hypoglycemic in the "At Risk" group. In the "At Risk" group, low birth weight and primiparity were significant risk factors. The incidence of hypoglycemia in the "No Risk" group was 1.80%. Breast problems and breastfeeding problems, low education status of mother, young age, and primiparity were significant risk factors in the "No Risk" group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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22. Resurrecting sustainable farming in India’s Granary: current practices, challenges and solution.
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Gill, Suveera and Johal, Ramanjit Kaur
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- *
SUSTAINABLE agriculture , *ORGANIC farmers , *CROP diversification , *GRANARIES , *FARMERS - Abstract
The study aims to ascertain farmers’ practices, challenges faced, and suggestions for scaling up crop diversification and sustainable agriculture in Punjab, India’s Granary. The results highlight that both organic and conventional farmers are grappling with similar challenges. However, a higher proportion of organic farmers cited difficulty in marketing, high labor requirement, low yield and low income as major challenges. Farmers offered several suggestions for scaling up production, resource access, and marketing facilitation. Valuable insights are offered into how ingenious low-cost solutions can alleviate resource-constrained conditions and state policymaking geared to create an enabling environment while engaging with farmers and stakeholders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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23. Estimating the Cost of Delivering Tobacco Cessation Intervention Package at Noncommunicable Disease Clinics in Two Districts of North India.
- Author
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Bhatt, Garima, Goel, Sonu, Kiran, Tanvi, Grover, Sandeep, Medhi, Bikash, Singh, Gurmandeep, and Gill, Sandeep Singh
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COST estimates ,CAPITAL costs ,NON-communicable diseases ,DISCOUNT prices ,TOBACCO ,STROKE - Abstract
Introduction Integrated care is likely to improve outcomes in strained healthcare systems while limiting costs. NCD clinics were introduced under the "National Programme for Prevention and Control of Cancer, Diabetes, Cardiovascular Disease, and Stroke" (NPCDCS) in India; however, there is limited literature on the costs of delivering tobacco cessation interventions within NPCDCS. One of the study's objectives was to estimate the cost of delivering a culturally specific patient-centric behavioral intervention package in two district-level NCD clinics in Punjab, India. Methods Costing was undertaken using the health systems perspective. A top-down or financial costing approach and a bottom-up or activity-based approach were employed at each step of development and implementation. The opportunity cost was used to include the cost of human resources, infrastructure, and capital resources used. All infrastructure and capital costs were annualized using a 3% annual discount rate. Four additional scenarios were built up concerning three major components to reduce costs further when rolled out on a large scale. Results The cost of intervention package development, human resource training, and unit cost of implementation were estimated to be INR 6,47,827 (USD 8,874); INR 134,002 (USD 1810); and INR 272 (USD 3.67), respectively. Based on our sensitivity analysis results, the service delivery cost varied from INR 184 (USD 2.48) to INR 326 (USD 4.40) per patient. Conclusion The development costs of the intervention package accounted for the majority proportion of the total cost. Of the total unit cost of implementation, the telephonic follow-up, human resources, and capital resources were the major contributory components. Implications The current study aims to fill gaps by estimating the unit-level health systems cost of a culturally sensitive, disease-specific, and patient-centric tobacco cessation intervention package delivered at the outpatient settings of NCD clinics at the secondary level hospital, which represents a major link in the health care system of India. Findings from this study could be used to provide supportive evidence to policymakers and program managers for rolling out such interventions in established NCD clinics through the NPCDCS program of the Indian Government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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24. Evaluating the Sustainable COVID-19 Vaccination Framework of India Using Recurrent Neural Networks.
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Gupta, Anshul, Singh, Sunil K., Gupta, Brij B., Chopra, Muskaan, and Gill, Shabeg Singh
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COVID-19 vaccines ,COVID-19 pandemic ,IMMUNOGLOBULINS ,LONG-term memory ,TIME series analysis ,RECURRENT neural networks - Abstract
COVID-19 has laid an impact on every sector of the world. Howsoever severe, vaccines have acted as the sole source of a protective guard to prevent the further spread of the COVID-19 pandemic. In this research, the authors broadly focus on the trends in the vaccination drive of India. The paper revolves around a prediction and evaluation approach, which depending on the past and the current trends of daily vaccinations, obtain comparable results using a self-built recurrent neural network of LSTM layers for this study on time series evaluation. Through the neural network, the study predicts the exact vaccination figures likely to be achieved 1 year after vaccine introduction in the Indian subcontinent. The gathered data from January 16, 2021, until September 30, 2021, follow effective visualization of how the model outputs resemble the vaccination numbers for October 2021 and the predictions until January 16, 2022. Finally, the paper follows an extensive data analysis keeping in mind, the analogy of the number of COVID-19 cases and deaths before and after the vaccination system was centralized, to prove how sustainable the framework has been so far. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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25. Who all access private coaching in higher education and how much do they spend? Evidence from India.
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Choudhury, Pradeep Kumar, Kumar, Amit, and Gill, Angrej Singh
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HIGHER education ,DRAFT (Military service) ,SEX discrimination ,SERVICES for students ,MARKETING education - Abstract
Using the latest National Sample Survey (NSS) education round data, we examine the patterns and determinants of demand and cost of private coaching in higher education in India. Two-step Heckman selection equation results find that students with better household resources (rich and educated) are more likely to take private coaching and tend to spend more on it. Results show that not only pro-male gender discrimination is in existence; there is also caste inequality in the demand and cost of private coaching, with a higher marginal effect among poor households. The study establishes that the market of shadow education, which by its very nature, is highly selective and delivers the service largely to the students of socially and economically well-off families. This article provides a rationale to consider the dynamics of inequalities in access to private coaching while devising educational policies, for making higher education egalitarian. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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26. A clinico-dermoscopic study of melasma in men in a tertiary care center in North India.
- Author
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Puri, Neerja, Gill, Sukhpreet Kaur, and Brar, Balvinder Kaur
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MELANOSIS ,TERTIARY care - Published
- 2023
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27. A neoclassical realist analysis of the evolving Philippines-India defense partnership in the twenty-first century.
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Gill, Don McLain
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TWENTY-first century ,CHINA-United States relations - Abstract
At the beginning of the twenty-first century, the Philippines expanded its defense network throughout Asia given the structural incentives and constraints brought by the dominance of the United States and the rise of China. However, the status of the Philippines-India defense partnership remains a puzzling case. Despite motivating structural conditions since the beginning of the twenty-first century, why has the Philippines only begun to significantly maximize its defense partnership with India in 2016? While dominant theories are unable to address this puzzle, the neoclassical realist approach offers some clarity. This article explains how variations in state leaders' perceptions in the Philippines delayed Manila's ability to forge strong defense relations with India despite the presence of favorable structural conditions since the beginning of the twenty-first century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2023
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28. MULTI-TRAIT SELECTION FOR MEAN PERFORMANCE AND STABILITY AMONG SOYBEAN GENOTYPES EVALUATED UNDER RAINFED CONDITIONS ACROSS DIVERSE ENVIRONMENTS IN INDIA.
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NATARAJ, Vennampally, GUPTA, Sanjay, SINGH, Kunwar Harendra, SHIVAKUMAR, Maranna, SATPUTE, Gyanesh Kumar, RAGHAVENDRA, Nargund, KUMAWAT, Giriraj, KOHLE, Savita, AGRAWAL, Nisha, RAJESH, Vangala, GILL, B. S., BHARTIYA, Anuradha, KUMARI, Vedna, LAL, S. K, SINGH, K. P., GUPTA, S. B., VERMA, Nutan, NICHAL, Satish, SHRIVASTAVA, Manoj Kumar, and MEHETRE, Shivaji Pandurang
- Subjects
SOYBEAN ,GENOTYPE-environment interaction ,GENOTYPES ,PRINCIPAL components analysis ,GLOBAL radiation ,DRY farming ,SURFACE of the earth ,GRAIN yields - Abstract
Copyright of Genetika (0534-0012) is the property of Serbian Genetics Society and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
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- 2023
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29. Microvasular Free Flap Reconstruction in Head and Neck Surgery: Complication and Outcome of 80 Flaps.
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Gill, Gur Paramjeet Singh, Chitale, Priyadarshan, Bakshi, Rupinder, Yadav, Amit, and Gill, Vikram Jeet Singh
- Subjects
- *
FREE flaps , *SURGICAL complications , *NECK , *TREATMENT effectiveness , *HEAD , *OPERATIVE surgery - Abstract
Head and neck carcinoma can prompt destroying cosmetic and functional deformities with resultant mental, physical and nourishing burden. Regardless of ongoing advances in medication and surgical procedure, the general endurance for patients with head and neck malignant growth has stayed still for as long as 35 years. This endurance rate has prompted the foundation of the standards of tumor extraction with most extreme tissue saving and more up to date endoscopic laser-helped methods for auto-digestive region malignant growths targeting diminishing operational morbidity without influencing the general endurance. This retrospective and prospective study contained 80 patients who went through miniature vascular free flap remaking following a significant head and neck oncosurgery procedure from 01/01/2017-to-31/12/2019. Three kinds of free flaps were fundamentally utilized. The current study was directed to assess the clinical result in patients going through miniature vascular free flap reproduction and to decide the viability after head and neck onco-surgical procedure method. Despite the fact that miniature vascular free flaps are today viewed as cutting edge in head and neck remaking after composite resection with predominant effective and stylish rebuilding, it is as yet not basic in India at numerous focuses. This retrospective and prospective study were conducted for a time of 3 years to know the clinical result, decide the adequacy and assess the occurrence and reasons for pre- and post-surgical intricacies in patients going through miniature vascular free flap recreation after head and neck onco-surgical procedure method. It was inferred that the free flaps were dependable in accomplishing effective reproduction of the head and neck following an effective onco-surgical procedure methodology. Despite the fact that there is a critical loss of delicate tissue and bone however after an effective acknowledgment of free flap, close to ordinary anatomical and physiological capacities can be accomplished in larger part of the patients. The frequency of complexities was straightforwardly related to the co-morbidity level and specialist's working experience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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30. Impact of Long-Term Application of Organic Manure on Inceptisol Properties, Grain Protein Content and Yield of Wheat.
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Ahlawat, Om Parkash, Gill, Subhash Chander, Venkatesh, Karnam, Chhokar, Rajender Singh, Khippal, Anil, Singh, Gyanendra, and Singh, Gyanendra Pratap
- Subjects
- *
INCEPTISOLS , *MANURES , *FARM manure , *PLANT biomass , *ORGANIC fertilizers , *WHEAT , *GRAIN yields , *CROPPING systems - Abstract
A field experiment was conducted to investigate the implications of long-term farm yard manure (FYM) use on chemical and microbial properties of Inceptisol in the North-Western Plain Zone of India, and their correlation with yield and protein content of wheat grains. FYM was used at four different doses (0, 10, 20, 30 t ha−1) with recommended dose of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium (NPK) as standard practice before sowing of both rice and wheat under rice-wheat cropping system. Application of FYM at 30 t ha−1 significantly enhanced the electrical conductivity (36.36%), nitrogen (29.79%), phosphorus (216.75%), potassium (280.15%), zinc (186.90%), copper (24.23%), organic carbon (130.77%), organic matter (132.43%), operational taxonomic units (OTUs) of top 30 bacterial classes (82.27%), genera (73.95%), plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB, 86.00%) and lignocellulose degrading bacteria (LDB, 109.14%) over recommended NPK at p value of 0.05. Significantly high plant biomass (14.21 t ha−1) and grain yield (5.69 t ha−1) were obtained in recommended NPK treatment, followed by 30 t ha−1 FYM treatment, whereas significantly higher grain protein was obtained in 30 t ha−1 FYM treatment at p value of 0.05. The abundance of top 30 bacterial classes was highest under 30 t ha−1 FYM (100117), while lowest under recommended NPK treatment (54928). This treatment also witnessed highest presence of all beneficial bacterial classes, top 30 bacterial genera, PGPB and LDB. Highest up-regulated bacterial genes in recommended NPK, and superior soil quality parameters (nutrient profile and microbial diversity) in 30 t ha−1 FYM, indicate that sustainable yields and quality are achievable by using a balanced amount of inorganic fertilizers and organic manure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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31. The Recent Kisan Movement in India and Its Lessons.
- Author
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Gill, Sucha Singh
- Subjects
AGRICULTURAL laborers ,COLLECTIVE labor agreements ,SOCIAL movements ,PUBLIC investments ,POLITICAL parties ,FARM law ,HUMANITARIANISM - Abstract
The success of the Kisan movement during 2020-21 has been due to the unique character of the movement based on leadership not affiliated to any political party. This movement was able to mobilise different classes of farmers and also enlist the support of agricultural labourers and other sections of society. The secular, humanitarian and egalitarian nature of the movement provided it much needed strength and sustenance and saved it from the ideological slights of the government and the ruling party. The lack of partial non-implementation of the agreement by the Union Government has the potential for revival of the movement in the near future. This paper is an attempt to bring out the lessons of this movement both for the social movement as well as for the government. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
32. Prevalence of Depression and Anxiety in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus at a Secondary Level Government Health-Care Facility in Northern India.
- Author
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Singh, Manpreet, Shergill, Gagandeep Singh, Bhatt, Garima, and Gill, Zoya
- Subjects
DIABETES ,ANXIETY ,MENTAL depression - Abstract
Background: Diabetes is one of the largest global health emergencies of the 21
st century. As per the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) in 2020, 463 million people have diabetes in the world and 88 million people in the Southeast Asia region. Seventy-seven million out of 88 million belong to India. The prevalence of diabetes in the population is 8.9%, according to the IDF. There exists a bidirectional association between diabetes and depression/anxiety, with both worsening each other's prognosis. The prevalence rates of depression could be up to three times higher in patients with type 1 diabetes and twice as high in people with type 2 diabetes, while anxiety disorders are seen in 40% of the patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes mellitus. Although no single cause has been identified for the positive correlation between diabetes and depression and anxiety, it is widely accepted that hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal dysfunction, pro-inflammatory cytokines, and a host of other epigenetic factors are responsible for the increased prevalence. This study was undertaken to check the prevalence of anxiety and depression in patients with diabetes mellitus attending the outdoor clinics of internal medicine department at a district hospital, Fatehgarh Sahib, Punjab. Materials and Methods: Four hundred patients were included in our study. A semi-structured pro forma was used to collect demographic details, and anxiety and depression were screened using the Hamilton Anxiety and Depression Rating Scales, respectively. Data collected were subjected to statistical analysis. Results: Fifty-eight percent of the sample population had depression and 27% had anxiety, with a vast majority having mild symptoms. Gender and duration of diabetes were statistically significant variables affecting prevalence and severity, with females having a higher mean scores of depression and anxiety than males and higher scores with greater duration of the illness. Conclusions: This study implies need for routine screening of depression and anxiety symptoms in patients with diabetes mellitus and treating them at the earliest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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33. Antenatal depression and anxiety in Indian women: A systematic review.
- Author
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Sahoo, Swapnajeet, Gill, Gursahiba, Sikka, Pooja, and Nehra, Ritu
- Subjects
INDIAN women (Asians) ,DEPRESSION in women ,MENTAL illness ,MENTAL health personnel ,POSTPARTUM depression ,ANXIETY treatment ,HUSBANDS ,COUPLES therapy - Abstract
There is good evidence to suggest that high prevalence of depression and anxiety in the postpartum period. However, very few studies have focused on antenatal depression and anxiety disorders and their associated risk factors. Further, there are only a handful of studies from India on common antenatal mental health disorders. With this background, we reviewed the existing evidence on antenatal depression and anxiety from the studies conducted in Indian pregnant women during the antenatal period and to explore the associated risk factors. All the major databases were searched systematically for English language studies on prevalence and risk factors for antenatal depression and anxiety in Indian pregnant females, published during the period January 2000 to May 2022. Quality assessment of studies was done with the modified version of Newcastle Ottawa Scale for cross-sectional studies. We found the overall prevalence of antenatal depression was ranged from 3.8% to 65% and antenatal anxiety from 13 to 55%. The most relevant risk factors associated with antenatal depression and anxiety during pregnancy were preference to have a male child, intimate partner violence, history of abortions, marital conflict, poor relationship with the husband/in-laws and lack of social support. To conclude, the systematic review suggests that depressive and anxiety disorders are quite common in Indian pregnant women in antepartum period with varying prevalence depending on various settings and scales used. Steps should be taken to promote obstetricians for regular mental health screening during the antenatal visits and prompt referral to mental health professionals when suspected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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34. Genome wide association studies and candidate gene mining for understanding the genetic basis of straw silica content in a set of Oryza nivara (Sharma et Shastry) accessions.
- Author
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Gowda, Rakshith S. R., Sharma, Sandeep, Gill, Ranvir Singh, Mangat, Gurjit Singh, and Bhatia, Dharminder
- Subjects
RICE ,GENOME-wide association studies ,LOCUS (Genetics) ,ORYZA ,STRAW ,SINGLE nucleotide polymorphisms - Abstract
Rice is a high-silica (SiO
2 ·nH2 O) accumulator. Silicon (Si) is designated as a beneficial element associated with multiple positive effects on crops. However, the presence of high silica content is detrimental to rice straw management, hampering its use as animal feed and as raw material in multiple industries. Rice straw management is a serious concern in north-western India, and it is eventually burned in situ by farmers, contributing to air pollution. A practical solution could lie in reducing the silica content in rice while also attaining sound plant growth. A set of 258 Oryza nivara accessions along with 25 cultivated varieties of Oryza sativa was used to assess the variation in straw silica content using the molybdenum blue colorimetry method. A large continuous variation was observed for straw silica content in O. nivara accessions, ranging from 5.08% to 16%, while it varied from 6.18% to 15.81% in the cultivated varieties. The O. nivara accessions containing 43%-54% lower straw silica content than the currently prominent cultivated varieties in the region were identified. A set of 22,528 high-quality single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) among 258 O. nivara accessions was used for estimating population structure and genomewide association studies (GWAS). A weak population structure with 59% admixtures was identified among O. nivara accessions. Further, multi-locus GWAS revealed the presence of 14 marker-trait associations (MTAs) for straw silica content, with six of them co-localizing with previously reported quantitative trait loci (QTL). Twelve out of 14 MTAs showed statistically significant allelic differences. Thorough candidate gene analyses revealed the presence of promising candidate genes, including those encoding the ATPbinding cassette (ABC) transporter, Casparian thickening, multi-drug and toxin extrusion (MATE) protein, F-box, and MYB-transcription factors. Besides, ortho-QTLs among rice and maize genomes were identified, which could open ways for further genetic analysis of this trait. The findings of the study could aid in further understanding and characterizing genes for Si transport and regulation in the plant body. The donors carrying the alleles for lower straw silica content can be used in further marker-assisted breeding programs to develop rice varieties with lower silica content and higher yield potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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35. Non-parametric Measures for Yield Stability in Faba Bean (Vicia faba L.) Advanced Line in Gangetic Plains of India.
- Author
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Raiger, H. L., Jajoriya, N. K., Deewan, Parvati, Yadav, C. B., Gill, R. K., Arya, Rajesh, Verma, Rajhans, and Mehto, J. L.
- Subjects
FAVA bean ,GENOTYPE-environment interaction ,SEED yield ,CROP improvement - Abstract
Background: Multi environmental trials (MET) is central activity in crop improvement programs for identification of superior genotype across environment before release as a variety. The aim of the present study was to select faba bean genotypes having high seed yield and most stable performance across different environments in gangetic plains of India. Methods: The material for the study consisted of set of 11 genotype of faba bean subjected to multi-locational seed yield trials for three years (2015-2018) at four locations. The test of significance for genotype x environment (GE) interaction and eight non-parametric measures of stability analysis were used to identify high yield stable genotype across the five environments. A new approach Combined Stability Index based on yield stability performance calculated based on the ranking of the used stability measures of all the genotypes. Result: Based on low value of combined stability index, HB-12-37 HB-11-15 HB-11-32 were identified as the most stable genotypes with high yield potential. These non-parametric measures were observed to be associated with high mean seed yield. The simple rank correlation coefficient, calculated using the ranks was used to measure the association among the eight stability statistics and mean seed yield. The nature of relationships among the non-parametric measures was assessed and these stability measures are categorized in three groups. The genotype HB-12-37 (G3) fall in section 1 were the most favourable genotype due to high seed yield as well as high stability performance according to plot of all non-parametric measures with seed yield. HB-12-37 (G3) which had higher seed yield (25.19 q/ha) and high protein content (24.85%) with better stability across the environments could be used in further breeding programmes of faba bean and recommended for release as variety for plains of India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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36. CHARACTERIZATION OF QUINOA (Chenopodium quinoa Willd.) GENOTYPES FOR NUTRITIONAL QUALITY AND ANTIOXIDANT POTENTIAL.
- Author
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Kaur, Harjeet, Grewal, Satvir Kaur, Gill, Ranjit Kaur, and Gill, Parmpal Singh
- Subjects
QUINOA ,FOOD crops ,GENOTYPES ,FREE radicals ,ANTIOXIDANTS ,FLAVONOLS - Abstract
Quinoa, a potential food crop, known as mother grain has exceptional nutritional quality traits and wider agro-climatic adaptability. Quinoa emerged as a resistant grain crop for biodiversity, sustainability, and consumption in the present scenario of climate change as well as an alternative to cereal and pulses. It is not widely cultivated in India and is confined to the Himalayan region. Nutritional constituents, antinutritional factors and antioxidant potential of thirteen quinoa genotypes (two indigenous and eleven exotic) of Himalayan origin successfully grown under agro-climatic conditions of Punjab were evaluated. The average values of crude protein, albumin and globulin, glutenin and prolamin, total soluble sugars, starch content and total lipids in quinoa genotypes were found to be 18.37%, 59.19%, 30.52%, 4.37%, 39.36 mg/g, 35.82 % and 11.2%, respectively. Saponins, the major antinutrient in quinoa that cause bitterness, ranged from 5.80 mg/g (EC507747) to 9.26 mg/g (EC507744). Indigenous quinoa genotype 1C411825 (dark colour) had higher antioxidant potential due to higher free radical scavenging activity (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP), reducing power, total phenols along with a medium range of flavonols, and anthocyanin. High-yielding genotype EC507747 (exotic) had higher protein content, medium starch content, high lipid content, low saponin, and had higher antioxidant potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
37. Feasibility of tobacco cessation intervention at non-communicable diseases clinics: A qualitative study from a North Indian State.
- Author
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Bhatt, Garima, Goel, Sonu, Grover, Sandeep, Medhi, Bikash, Jaswal, Nidhi, Gill, Sandeep Singh, and Singh, Gurmandeep
- Subjects
NON-communicable diseases ,MEDICAL personnel ,MOTIVATIONAL interviewing ,STANDARD operating procedure ,QUALITATIVE research - Abstract
Background: One of the 'best buys' for preventing Non-Communicable Diseases (NCDs) is to reduce tobacco use. The synergy scenario of NCDs with tobacco use necessitates converging interventions under two vertical programs to address co-morbidities and other collateral benefits. The current study was undertaken with an objective to ascertain the feasibility of integrating a tobacco cessation package into NCD clinics, especially from the perspective of healthcare providers, along with potential drivers and barriers impacting its implementation. Methods: A disease-specific, patient-centric, and culturally-sensitive tobacco cessation intervention package was developed (published elsewhere) for the Health Care Providers (HCPs) and patients attending the NCD clinics of Punjab, India. The HCPs received training on how to deliver the package. Between January to April 2020, we conducted a total of 45 in-depth interviews [medical officers (n = 12), counselors (n = 13), program officers (n = 10), and nurses (n = 10)] within the trained cohort across various districts of Punjab until no new information emerged. The interview data wereanalyzed deductively based on six focus areas concerning feasibility studies (acceptability, demand, adaptation, practicality, implementation, and integration) using the 7- step Framework method of qualitative analysis and put under preset themes. Results: The respondent's Mean ± SD age was 39.2± 9.2 years, and years of service in the current position were 5.5 ± 3.7 years. The study participants emphasized the role of HCPs in cessation support (theme: appropriateness and suitability), use of motivational interviewing, 5A's & 5R's protocol learned during the training & tailoring the cessation advice (theme: actual use of intervention activities); preferred face-to-face counseling using regional images, metaphors, language, case vignettes in package (theme: the extent of delivery to intended participants). Besides, they also highlighted various roadblocks and facilitators during implementation at four levels, viz. HCP, facility, patient, and community (theme: barriers and favorable factors); suggested various adaptations to keep the HCPs motivated along with the development of integrated standard operating procedures (SOPs), digitalization of the intervention package, involvement of grassroots level workers (theme: modifications required); the establishment of an inter-programmatic referral system, and a strong politico-administrative commitment (theme: integrational perspectives). Conclusion: The findings suggest that implementing a tobacco cessation intervention package through the existing NCD clinics is feasible, and it forges synergies to obtain mutual benefits. Therefore, an integrated approach at the primary & secondary levels needs to be adopted to strengthen the existing healthcare systems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
38. Associations between the occupational stress index and hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus and lipid disorders in middle-aged man and woman.
- Author
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Singh, Manpreet, Kumar, Naveen, and Gill, Virinder Singh
- Subjects
TYPE 2 diabetes ,JOB stress ,MIDDLE-aged men ,MIDDLE-aged women ,STRESS management - Abstract
Background: This study aimed to investigate the associations between the Occupational Stress Index (OSI) and three chronic diseases, namely Hypertension, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and Lipid Disorders, among middle-aged individuals in Punjab. Material & Methods: This crosssectional study was conducted in Punjab, a state in northern India. Data collection was carried out between Jan 2023 and March 2023 in various occupational settings across the state. The data collection process involved both self-administered questionnaires and clinical assessments. The Occupational Stress Index questionnaire was used to assess occupational stress levels among participants. The collected data were entered into a statistical software program (SPSS version 25) for analysis. Results: The study included 400 participants, with an equal number (n=200) of males and females. The average age of male participants was 49.3 years, while for females, it was 47.8 years. The average BMI for males was 25.6, and for females, it was 26.9. The participants were distributed across various occupational sectors, including Manufacturing, Services, Healthcare, Administration, and Others. The prevalence of Hypertension among males was 20.0%, while among females, it was 17.5%. The prevalence of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus among males was 12.5%, and among females, it was 15.0%. The prevalence of Lipid Disorders among males was 27.5%, and among females, it was 25.0%. The distribution of OSI scores revealed that 27.5% of participants had Low Stress scores, 32.5% had Moderate Stress scores, and 40.0% had High Stress scores. It was found that a higher proportion of participants with Hypertension, Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus, and Lipid Disorders had Moderate and High Stress scores. Participants with chronic diseases had higher mean OSI scores compared to those without chronic diseases, indicating higher levels of occupational stress. Conclusion: The results highlight the need for effective stress management interventions in occupational settings to mitigate the risk of developing chronic diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
39. Frameless Gamma Knife Radiosurgery with Leksell ICON: Initial Experience.
- Author
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Gill, Maneet, Sharma, Manish, and Ratan, Raj
- Subjects
- *
RADIOSURGERY , *CAREGIVERS , *STEREOTACTIC radiosurgery , *CONE beam computed tomography - Abstract
Gamma knife radiosurgery saw the light of the day when the Swedish physician “Lars Leksell” postulated the salient first principles of stereotactic radiosurgery. Prior to being realized in its new ‘avatar’ “The ICON”, Leksell Gamma Knife (LGK) “Perfexion” has been the most practiced model and is still in practice in most of the centers in India. The Gamma Knife ICON (the sixth generation model) utilizes the concept of the Cone‑Beam Computed Tomography (CBCT) module, thus allowing non‑invasive immobilization of the skull employing frameless treatments without jeopardizing accuracy to sub‑millimeters. The LGK ICON however has the same stereotactic delivery and patient positioning system as Perfexion and mesmerizes the care givers with the added technically sound feature of the CBCT imaging arm, that is, CBCT and an intra‑fraction motion management system. The experience with ICON on both the sub‑sets of patients has been intriguing and awe‑inspiring. Despite its challenges of being detected with significant intra‑fraction errors, we realized that the non‑invasive thermoplastic mask fixation system has its own set of specific characteristics: fairly simple dosimetry; short radiation delivery times; and calm, composed, co‑operative patients. We have been successful in conducting frameless gamma knife surgeries in ~25% of patients planned for gamma knife surgery. We look forward to witness this avant‑garde pioneering scientific automation being practiced in a higher number of patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Changes in tobacco depictions after implementation of tobacco-free film and TV rules in Bollywood films in India: a trend analysis.
- Author
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Nazar, Gaurang P., Arora, Monika, Sharma, Nitika, Shrivastava, Surbhi, Rawal, Tina, Chugh, Aastha, Sinha, Praveen, Munish, Vineet Gill, Tullu, Fikru Tesfaye, Schotte, Kerstin, Polansky, Jonathan R., and Glant, Stanton
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SMOKING prevention ,MOTION pictures ,EVALUATION of human services programs ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,GOVERNMENT regulation ,AUDIOVISUAL materials ,GOVERNMENT programs ,ADVERTISING ,PEARSON correlation (Statistics) ,GOVERNMENT policy ,TELEVISION ,RESEARCH funding ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,TREND analysis ,TOBACCO ,HEALTH promotion ,MEDICAL coding - Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Comparative Analysis Between Government School Teacher And Private School Teacher On Integration Of Ict In Classroom With Special Focus To Malda District, West Bengal, India.
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Kundu, Dipankar and Gill, Satish
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TEACHERS ,SCHOOL integration ,PRIVATE schools ,TEACHER training ,INDIVIDUAL differences ,COMPARATIVE studies - Abstract
In order to help achieve the objectives of the heavily stressed idea of inclusion, it is necessary and crucial that teachers receive training in the use of ICT in teaching and learning. In order to ensure that a classroom is truly inclusive, it is crucial for teachers to possess the knowledge and abilities needed to remove frequent learning barriers that appear as a result of individual differences of a cultural, social, physical, psychological, and economic nature. In this article, comparative analysis between government school teacher and private school teacher on integration of ICT in classroom with special focus to Malda District, West Bengal, India has been evaluated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
42. Clinical features and risk factors for death in acute undifferentiated fever: A prospective observational study in rural community hospitals in six states of India.
- Author
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Mørch, Kristine, Manoharan, Anand, Chandy, Sara, Singh, Ashita, Kuriakose, Cijoy, Patil, Suvarna, Henry, Anil, Chacko, Novin, Alvarez-Uria, Gerardo, Nesaraj, Joel, Blomberg, Bjørn, Kurian, Siby, Haanshuus, Christel Gill, Antony, George Vasanthan, Langeland, Nina, and Mathai, Dilip
- Subjects
RURAL hospitals ,SYMPTOMS ,FEVER ,LONGITUDINAL method ,DISEASE risk factors ,DENGUE hemorrhagic fever ,COMA - Abstract
Background Acute undifferentiated fever (AUF) ranges from self-limiting illness to life-threatening infections, such as sepsis, malaria, dengue, leptospirosis and rickettsioses. Similar clinical presentation challenges the clinical management. This study describes risk factors for death in patients hospitalized with AUF in India. Methods Patients aged ≥5 y admitted with fever for 2–14 d without localizing signs were included in a prospective observational study at seven hospitals in India during 2011–2012. Predictors identified by univariate analysis were analyzed by multivariate logistic regression for survival analysis. Results Mortality was 2.4% (37/1521) and 46.9% (15/32) died within 2 d. History of heart disease (p=0.013), steroid use (p=0.011), altered consciousness (p<0.0001), bleeding (p<0.0001), oliguria (p=0.020) and breathlessness (p=0.015) were predictors of death, as were reduced Glasgow coma score (p=0.005), low urinary output (p=0.004), abnormal breathing (p=0.006), abdominal tenderness (p=0.023), leucocytosis (p<0.0001) and thrombocytopenia (p=0.001) at admission. Etiology was identified in 48.6% (18/37) of fatal cases. Conclusions Bleeding, cerebral dysfunction, respiratory failure and oliguria at admission, suggestive of severe organ failure secondary to systemic infection, were predictors of death. Almost half of the patients who died, died shortly after admission, which, together with organ failure, suggests that delay in hospitalization and, consequently, delayed treatment, contribute to death from AUF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. Structural Profiles of SARS-CoV-2 Variants in India.
- Author
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Chakraborti, Soumyananda, Gill, Jasmita, Goswami, Ritu, Kumar, Sanjeev, Chandele, Anmol, and Sharma, Amit
- Subjects
- *
SARS-CoV-2 , *SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant , *ANGIOTENSIN converting enzyme , *AVIAN influenza , *ELECTROSTATIC interaction , *SEQUENCE analysis - Abstract
India was severely affected by several waves of SARS-CoV-2 infection that occurred during April–June 2021 (second wave) and December 2021–January 2022 (third wave) and thereafter, resulting in >10 million new infections and a significant number of deaths. Global Initiative on Sharing Avian Influenza Data database was used to collect the sequence information of ~10,000 SARS-CoV-2 patients from India and our sequence analysis identified three variants B.1.1.7 (alpha, α), B1.617.2 (delta, Δ), B.1.1.529 (Omicron, Oo) and one Omicron sub-variant BA.2.75 as the primary drivers for SARS-CoV-2 waves in India. Structural visualization and analysis of important mutations of alpha, delta, Omicron and its sub-variants of SARS-CoV-2 Receptor-Binding Domain (RBD) was performed and our analysis clearly shows that mutations occur throughout the RBD, including the RBD surface responsible for human angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (hACE-2) receptor-binding. A comparison between alpha, delta and omicron variants/sub-variants reveals many omicron mutations in the hACE-2 binding site and several other mutations within 5 Å of this binding region. Further, computational analysis highlights the importance of electrostatic interactions in stabilizing RBD-hACE-2-binding, especially in the omicron variant. Our analysis explores the likely role of key alpha, delta and omicron mutations on binding with hACE-2. Taken together, our study provides novel structural insights into the implications of RBD mutations in alpha, delta and omicron and its sub-variants that were responsible for India's SARS-CoV-2 surge. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
44. Rapid Detection of Omicron Variant using Omisure Multiplex Real Time RTPCR Kit in SARS-COV-2 Positive Samples.
- Author
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Bakshi, Rupinder, Kaur, Karashdeep, Kaur, Ramanpreet, Boparai, Jaspreet Kaur, Kaur, Satinder, Sharma, Palika, Soni, Suha, and Gill, Vikram Jeet Singh
- Subjects
SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant ,SARS-CoV-2 ,WHOLE genome sequencing ,AVIAN influenza ,VIRAL DNA - Abstract
Omicron, a new variant of Covid-19 has hit the India in the third wave during 2022. The outbreak of this new variant has increased globally. At this time, there is an urgent need of fast, reliable and effective detection method. The real time RT-PCR is the most used technique for the detection of viral DNA. In the present study 'OmiSure' kit developed by Mumbai-based Tata Medical and Diagnostics Ltd (TATA MD) in partnership with The Indian Council of Medical Research (ICMR) was used for direct detection of Omicron variant in the SARS-CoV-2 positive samples via multiplex real time RT-PCR as a diagnostic tool. The reaction was tested targeting viral RNA and human target mRNA sequence using S gene target failure and S- gene mutation amplification strategy. In the present study 532 samples were tested for the presence of Omicronin the SARS-CoV-2 positive samples. The study found that a total of 501 individuals were positive for Omicron variant while 31 individuals were detected to be of other variants. Further these 31 SARS-CoV-2 positive samples were processed by nanopore whole genome sequencing and identified as Delta and its sub variants of SARS-CoV-2. These sequences were submitted in Indian SARS-CoV-2 Genomic Consortium (INSACOG) and Global Initiative on Sharing Avian Influenza Data (GISAID). The study showed that OmiSure kit is an accurate, fast and easy to use rRT-PCR Omicron diagnostic assay. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
45. Differential impacts of soil salinity and water logging on Eucalyptus growth and carbon sequestration under mulched vs. unmulched soils in south-western Punjab, India.
- Author
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Singh, Avtar, Singh, Pritpal, Dhillon, G. P. S., Sharma, Sandeep, Singh, Baljit, and Gill, R. I. S.
- Subjects
CARBON sequestration ,SOIL moisture ,EUCALYPTUS ,PLASTIC mulching ,ELECTRIC conductivity ,SOILS ,WATERLOGGING (Soils) - Abstract
Aims: To study the impact of salinity and water logging on Eucalyptus growth, carbon (C) sequestration in tree biomass and organic C pool under mulched and unmulched ridges. Methods: We studied the performance of five Eucalyptus clones viz. C-413, C-2135, C-7, PE-8 and PE-11 on mulched and unmulched ridges, their impact on C sequestration in tree biomass and soil organic C pool, and soil properties. Results: Electrical conductivity (E.C.) of soil under mulched ridges (3.54 ± 0.3 dS m
−1 ) was decreased by ~ 3.9-times, compared with the unmulched ridges (13.9 ± 0.3 dS m−1 ) due to Eucalyptus plantation. Tree survival rate on mulched ridges was ~ 78.1%, while on unmulched ridges was ~ 63.4%; C-7 clone had the lowest (~ 55.0%), while the PE-8 had significantly (p < 0.05) higher (~ 89.5%) survival rate. Mulching increased the tree girth (~ 8.7%), height (~ 13.8%), timber wood (~ 18.4%), branches (~ 21.8%), twigs + leaves (~ 22.6%) and root biomass (~ 34.6%) after one year of plantation, compared with their plantation on unmulched ridges. Regardless of the plantation method, C-2135 clone had the lowest, while the PE-11 had the highest timber dry biomass, branches, twigs + leaves and root biomass. After 4-years of plantation, trees planted on mulched ridges had significantly higher C sequestration in timber dry biomass by 147.8 ± 18.4 Mg C ha−1 than those on unmulched ridges. Conclusions: Eucalyptus plantation offers a low cost strategy for C sequestration in waterlogged saline soils. Plastic mulching has overwhelming significance in enhancing tree survival rate and decreasing soil salinity with co-benefits of increased biomass productivity of Eucalyptus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. A large-effect QTL introgressed from ricebean imparts resistance to Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus in blackgram (Vigna mungo (L.) Hepper).
- Author
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Dhaliwal, Sandeep Kaur, Gill, Ranjit Kaur, Sharma, Abhishek, Kaur, Amandeep, Bhatia, Dharminder, and Kaur, Satinder
- Subjects
- *
BLACK gram , *MOSAIC viruses , *MUNG bean , *GENE mapping , *PHENOTYPIC plasticity , *NUCLEOTIDE sequencing , *VIGNA - Abstract
Key message: Here, we report identification of a large effect QTL conferring Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus resistance introgressed from ricebean in blackgram variety Mash114. The tightly linked KASP markers would assist in marker-assisted-transfer of this region into Vigna species infected by MYMIV. Until recently, precise location of genes and marker-assisted selection was long thought in legumes such as blackgram due to lack of dense molecular maps. However, advances in next-generation sequencing based on high-throughput genotyping technologies such as QTL-seq have revolutionized trait mapping in marker-orphan crops. Using QTL-seq approach, we have identified a large-effect QTL for resistance to Mungbean yellow mosaic India virus (MYMIV) in blackgram variety Mash114. MYMIV is devastating disease responsible for huge yield losses in blackgram, greengram and other legumes. Mash114 showed consistent and high level of resistance to MYMIV since last nine years. Whole genome re-sequencing of MYMIV-resistant and susceptible bulks derived from RILs of cross KUG253 X Mash114 identified a large-effect QTL (qMYMIV6.1.1) spanning 3.4 Mb on chromosome 6 explaining 70% of total phenotypic variation. This region was further identified as an inter-specific introgression from ricebean. Linkage mapping using KASP markers developed from potent candidate genes involved in virus resistance identified the 500 kb genomic region equaling 1.9 cM on genetic map linked with MYMIV. The three KASP markers closely associated with MYMIV originated from serine threonine kinase, UBE2D2 and BAK1/BRI1-ASSOCIATED RECEPTOR KINASE genes. These KASPs can be used for marker-assisted transfer of introgressed segment into suitable backgrounds of Vigna species. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Agrobacterium rhizogenes mediated genetic transformation in Ficus religiosa L. and optimization of acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity in hairy roots.
- Author
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Gill, Anita Rani and Siwach, Priyanka
- Subjects
- *
RHIZOBIUM rhizogenes , *GENETIC transformation , *ALZHEIMER'S disease , *CALCIUM chloride , *PATENT offices , *ACETYLCHOLINESTERASE - Abstract
The use of decoctions prepared from stem bark to treat neurodegenerative problems is amongst the widespread applications of Ficus religiosa L., a tree of great ethno-medicinal importance in the Indian sub-continent. The stem bark of the tree has been reported to have significant acetylcholinesterase inhibitory activity (AChEI). Latter is one of the most effective modalities used for the treatment of Alzheimer's disease (AD). The development of any commercial treatment modality for AD from this tree faces serious challenges for sample consistency in terms of quality (being strongly influenced by environmental and developmental stages) and quantity. Hairy root (HR) cultures are an excellent choice for such studies. Since no study has been reported for HR culture systems for F. religiosa , the present study was targeted to develop one. Three different HR lines were induced and cultured on different media. Root extracts, obtained from HRs on different media, were subjected to an AChEI assay to select the best conditions where HRs exerted higher AChEI. The wild-type strain of A. rhizogenes was used to induce hairy roots in different explants. The method of genetic transformation was optimised by changing concentrations of bacterial suspension, acetosyringone and calcium chloride in the infection and co-cultivation medium. The assay for measuring AChEI activity was modified from the assays described by Ellman et al. (1961) and Ingkaninan et al. (2000). These methods recommend the use of IC 50 (half maximal inhibitory concentration) value for comparing AChEI activities in different samples. We developed a protocol for induction and long-term maintenance of HR cultures of F. religiosa L. In vitro conditions were optimized where hairy root extracts exerted higher AChEI activity (IC 50 value of 0.16 µg/ml) compared to that in the stem segments of the mother plants (IC 50 value of 0.49 µg/ml). The present work has been granted a patent by the Indian Patent Office, Government of India (Patent No360050, Date of grant 02/03/2021) (Siwach and Gill, 2021). The present study confirms the utility of F. religiosa in AD treatment and provides a standardized protocol for large-scale production of HR cultures (75ml medium in Erlenmeyer flask of 250 ml volume) that have higher AChEI activity; these cultures offer excellent platforms for future characterization and commercial preparation. [Display omitted] [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. National Infant Screening for Hearing Program in India: Necessity, Significance and Justification.
- Author
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Ansari, Mohammad Shamim, Sood, Arvinder Singh, and Gill, Jaskaran Singh
- Subjects
LONELINESS ,HEARING impaired children ,AUDITORY pathways ,HEARING disorders ,HEALTH policy ,MEDICAL screening - Abstract
Hearing impairment is one of the most prevalent disorder in children and adults worldwide, which not only interferes with the acquisition, development and maintenance of speech and language skills but also adversely deprive the auditory nervous system for future learning. It can have long term harmful effect on educational, social, emotional and cognitive skills in young children; restrict the vocational options and employment opportunities in adults; and can cause isolation, loneliness and depression in older adults, if remain undetected and intervened at the earliest. However, early identification and intervention is known to greatly reverse the ill effects and improve the quality of life of children and adults with hearing impairment. Current clinical means and methods to identify and intervene hearing loss are convenient, cost effective, reasonably accurate beneficial and evidenced based, can be easily employed nation-wide for early identification and intervention of hearing loss. This paper attempts to convince medical colleagues, public health care experts and policy makers by justifying the hearing, as public health issue and relevance of medical screening criteria for hearing. It also discusses the preferred model of hearing screening and intervention strategies in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
49. Round the World in 18 Days: Science Connecting Cultures
- Author
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Hodgson, Gill
- Abstract
The autumn 2002 term at the Eden Project was a roller-coaster ride of multicultural celebration and a fantastic lesson in the power of young people to take practical action in addressing issues that affect their communities on a local and global scale. From Cornwall to India--global links provide valuable insights and opportunities for active involvement of young people in improving their environments. Learning through contact with real people and real issues in real places can be a vital component in helping young people to feel connected to the rest of the world and to understand issues relating to sustainable development locally and globally. Many UK schools already have active relationships with schools in developing countries, though generally these depend on dynamic superstar teachers with a personal passion, willing to commit extra hours to growing and maintaining these links. As the citizenship and education for sustainable development agenda grows, the value of global links, and the opportunity for active participation in youth-led projects, should find firm foundations and support within the national curriculum. (Contains 8 online resources.)
- Published
- 2003
50. A START IN PANJABI. HARTFORD STUDIES IN LINGUISTICS, NUMBER 11.
- Author
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Hartford Seminary Foundation, CT., GILL, HARJEET SINGH, and GLEASON, HENRY A.
- Abstract
DESIGNED TO COMPRISE A SHORT COURSE IN STANDARD PANJABI FOR AMERICANS TRAVELING TO INDIA OR PAKISTAN, THIS COURSE PREPARES THE STUDENT "FOR SOME EFFECTIVE, IF LIMITED, USE OF THE LANGUAGE VERY SOON AFTER HIS ARRIVAL." IT IS ASSUMED THAT THE CLASSROOM INSTRUCTOR WILL BE A NATIVE SPEAKER OF THE LANGUAGE AND THAT HIS TIME WILL BE LARGELY DEVOTED TO DIRECT WORK ON THE SPOKEN LANGUAGE. THE WIDELY-ACCEPTED MAJHI DIALECT IS TAUGHT AND THE SETTINGS OF THE DIALOGS ARE GENERALLY COMMON TO BOTH INDIA AND PAKISTAN. THROUGHOUT THE TEXT REFERENCES ARE MADE TO CULTURAL PATTERNS AND CORRECT SOCIAL USAGES SO THAT THE STUDENT LEARNS THE LANGUAGE IN THE CONTEXT IN WHICH IT WILL BE ACTUALLY USED. THE FIRST 11 LESSONS ARE DEVOTED TO INTENSIVE PRONUNCIATION AND PATTERN PRACTICES. IN THE FOLLOWING NINE LESSONS GRAMMATICAL PATTERNS ARE GRADUALLY PRESENTED USING, AS FAR AS POSSIBLE, NONTECHNICAL LINGUISTIC TERMINOLOGY. A TYPICAL ADVANCED LESSON CONTAINS A DIALOG, CULTURAL NOTES, THE ENGLISH TRANSLATION FOR THE DIALOG, GRAMMAR NOTES, PATTERN PRACTICES, AND AN ENGLISH TO PANJABI TRANSLATION EXERCISE. THE LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS FOLLOWED IS THAT OF THE AUTHORS'"A REFERENCE GRAMMAR OF PANJABI." ALL PANJABI MATERIAL IS WRITTEN IN TRANSCRIPTION. APPENDED TO THE LANGUAGE LESSONS IS A SECTION ENCOURAGING THE STUDENT TO PRACTICE WHAT HE HAS LEARNED AND SUGGESTING TECHNIQUES FOR CONTINUING INDEPENDENT LANGUAGE STUDY. (JD)
- Published
- 1963
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