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Several researches are going on the hybridization of natural composites by adding SiC as a filler and epoxy due to its higher thermal and physical properties, biodegradable, economic and excellent mechanical properties as compared to synthetic fibers such as glass, Kevlar etc. Jute fiber is an important natural fiber which is abundantly found in India, whereas Basalt fiber is obtained from basalt rock, which is also present in India in a high percentage. Jute fibers are used in geotextiles and agrotextiles for sustainable development in agriculture. The Eco-friendly basalt fibers are used in agriculture and biological applications for soil improvement and fabrication of stucco fireproof netting for animal housings etc. In this paper, basalt and jute fiber reinforced green composites were fabricated using hand layup technique by addition of SiC as filler material in different wt% (0%, 5%, and 10%). The properties of composite material such as impact strength, tensile strength, and flexural strength along with the water absorption test were investigated as per the ASTM standards. Significant improvements were obtained in their mechanical behavior by addition of different wt% of SiC. SEM images showed improved microstructures of green composites with less fractured surfaces at 10% addition of SiC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Welding fume exposure at work is recognized as a known concern for public health. This study aims to assess the welding fumes produced during welding using two different extraction patterns and to compare their influences. A thorough assessment of domestic arc welders in the erode district of India was done to assess their exposure to welding gases. The survey results chose the gas metal arc welding (GMAW) process for future investigation. The stainless-steel grade SS 316 L was used in this study. To weld 3-mm, 5-mm, and 6-mm-thick stainless-steel specimens, ER316 L filler wire and four shielding gas compositions were used. Two distinct, cost-effective welding hoods with a square duct section and a conical duct section were constructed to examine welding gases. The produced fume was collected on a 240 mm glass fibre filter and re-weighted during welding. Gas flow rates of 5, 10, and 15 LPM were investigated, with current intensities of 150A, 200A, and 275A. A novel attempt has been made to compare fume formation rates (FFR) obtained using two extraction patterns. According to this investigation, weld fume hoods with conical duct sections extract more welding gases than square duct sections. The extraction rate using two extraction patterns was compared. Furthermore, the addition of CO2 to any shielding gas mixture results in a higher fume formation rate. The experimental FFR values were quite close to the American Welding Society (AWS) specifications. This finding also revealed that welders' socio-demographic characteristics, such as age, marital status, level of education, and work experience, influenced their awareness of occupational hazards and personal protection equipment (PPEs). As a result, there should be a strong emphasis on hazard identification education and strict enforcement of proper PPEs use among small-scale welders in and around the erode district to protect welders from a variety of hazards. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Context: Fracture of endodontically treated teeth is a grave sequela that a clinician should seriously ponder. Suitable selection of restorative materials is a requisite for long-term clinical success. Aims: To compare the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth restored with three different posts luted using two different cements under all ceramic crowns. Settings and Design: This in vitro study was conducted in the Department of Prosthodontics, Government Dental College, Kottayam, Kerala, India. Methods and Material: Thirty endodontically treated single-rooted mandibular premolars in which post spaces were prepared and divided into three different groups. Group 1 (n = 10): zirconia post group. Group 2 (n = 10): quartz fibre post group. Group 3 (n = 10): glass fibre post group. Each group is sub-divided into two based on the luting system: resin-modified glass ionomer cement (RMGIC) or dual-cure resin cement (DCRC). The fracture resistance testing was performed in a universal testing machine with a crosshead speed of 0.5 mm/min. Statistical Analysis Used: The mean fracture resistance were analysed using independent sample Student t-test and one-way ANOVA. Results: Within the zirconia post group, the mean fracture resistance was higher in DCRC sub-group compared to the RMGIC sub-group and the difference was statistically significant (p = 0.017). The difference in fracture resistance between three different post systems was not found to be statistically significant with respect to both the luting systems. Conclusions: It was observed that when zirconia post is used, the mean fracture resistance was higher in dual-cure resin group compared to the resin-modified GIC group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Wind energy is an alternative energy generation from non-renewable energy resources. The turbine is used to exploit wind energy. Different components of a wind turbine necessitate different materials and metals. There is a dependency of the materials on foreign countries. To avoid future problems regarding the availability of these materials in India, it is necessary to forecast the quantity and the price of the materials and metals. Thus, this study mainly focuses on the estimation of the raw materials, rare earth, and critical metals used in manufacturing the wind turbine. Two wind turbines of 1.65 MW and 3.45 MW capacity, 78 m and 94 m hub height are considered for the study. The major raw materials are steel, aluminum, copper, cast iron, fiber glass with epoxy resin, and ceramic/glass. The requirement of rare earth elements (Nd) depends on the type of wind turbine direct drive or geared, and the type of generator used in the direct-drive wind turbine. The results estimated the requirement of materials and rare earth elements and the expected price in the future for 100% wind energy production in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Melia dubia is a rapidly expanding tree species in southern India, but its main drawback has been limited use in wood-based panel products until recently. To address this research gap, this study aimed to develop three reinforcement materials for producing Reinforced Laminated Veneer Lumber (RLVL) using Melia dubia. Three types of reinforcement materials, chopped glass fiber mat (CGM), glass fiber mesh (GM), and bamboo mat (BM) were employed in two layers to manufacture RLVL. The investigated parameters included physical, mechanical, and bonding performance. Furthermore, morphological images were analyzed using optical and scanning electron microscopes. The research findings revealed that the highest performance was demonstrated by BM, followed by GM and CGM. These results suggest that all three reinforcements enhanced the mechanical properties and overall performance of RLVL. Arranging the reinforcement layers closer to the surface veneer layer in the assembly resulted in outstanding mechanical properties for RLVL. The performance is superior to solid wood made from the same wood species. The findings indicate that RLVL demonstrated superior mechanical properties to laminated veneer lumber (LVL) and solid wood. The modulus of rupture for LVL reinforced with CGM, GM and BM was 7.27%, 30.91%, and 32.73% greater respectively, than that of unreinforced LVL. The composite LVL reinforced with bamboo and glass matting exhibits potential for successful utilization in outdoor structural applications, including beams, rafters, and purlins. • LVL reinforced with CGM, GM, and BM exhibited excellent modulus of rupture. • RLVL demonstrated superior mechanical properties to LVL and solid wood. • LVL reinforced with GM and BM can successfully utilized in outdoor structural applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• Superconducting magnet. • Insulation material. • S-glass fiber composite. • Irradiation with fast electron in fission reactor. • Mechanical and electrical performance of insulation material after irradiation at 300 K and 77 K temperatures. In a superconducting (SC) magnet fusion reactor, the insulation material used has to withstand significant fluxes of neutrons and neutron-induced gamma radiation. Epoxy-based glass fiber-reinforced plastic (GFRP) composites are the insulation system for fusion magnets and are highly demanding. This insulation system requires excellent mechanical and electrical performance under mixed neutron and gamma radiation at cryogenic temperatures. The insulation material developed consists of boron-free S-glass fiber impregnated with a two-component modified Diglycidyl ether of Bisphenol-A (DGEBA) epoxy resin. An anhydride-cured DGEBA resin system is not suitable for cryogenic temperatures. Therefore, to overcome this thermal stress issue in cryogenic components of SC magnets, a high-toughness, flexible, aromatic amine-cured epoxy resin system was developed for the insulation system. In order to assess the radiation resistance for mechanical and electrical properties, the composite samples were irradiated in the fast breeder test reactor (FBTR) at IGCAR, Kalpakkam, India. The irradiation experiment was carried out for a neutron fluence of 1.0E+21 n/m2 and a gamma dose of 0.4 MGy at a full reactor power of 32 MWt. The tensile strength, interlaminar shear strength, and breakdown strength measurements were investigated before and after irradiation at room temperature and 77 K. The test results indicate that no significant degradation was observed in the properties of the irradiated samples up to the above-mentioned radiation doses. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

composite fabric has been utilized in India for final few a long time. The generation of unsaturated polymer gum has begun in 1962 and of glass strands in 1965, planning establishment for development of composites in India. Polymer composites are picking up notoriety due to their tall quality, fetched viability and decreased weight. E-waste administration is of the troublesome assignments in display situation. This extends bargains with the utilization of e-squander as filler fabric. Within the show work, composites were manufactured utilizing epoxy tar as network, glass fiber as fortification and e-waste filler. Composites with distinctive filler proportion (0%,3%,6%,9%) are arranged. Tests were performed to calculate pliable properties, flexural quality of the composites. Based on the malleable and flexural test it is delineated that composite with 6% filler fabric showed improved properties due to the solid holding between filler and network. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Plastics and microplastics have been quantified and characterised at disposal sites of abandoned fishing boats and along the high-water line (HWL) of a fish landing centre in Chellanam, India. Fibreglass-reinforced plastic (FRP) made a greater contribution to the plastic pool at the disposal sites (~ 4.5 n m−2 and 18 g m−2) than the HWL (~ 0.25 n m−2 and < 1 g m−2) and was an abundant component of the microplastic pool at the former. Infrared analysis of micro-sized FRPs revealed various resins (e.g., alkyd, polyester, epoxy), while X-ray fluorescence analysis of the painted surfaces of meso-sized FRPs returned variable concentrations of copper and lead. Concentrations of Pb were high enough to contaminate sand up to ~400 mg kg−1. The relatively high density of FRP and its association with glass fibres and metal-bearing paints results in particles with potentially very different fates and toxicities to more "conventional" (non-composite) thermoplastics. • Little information exists on fibreglass-reinforced plastic (FRP) as marine litter. • Different sizes of FRP were found on a beach impacted by fishing boat abandonment. • FRP can make an important contribution to the microplastic pool. • Lead in painted surfaces of FRP are sufficient to significantly contaminate sand. • FRP requires further study because of its association with glass fibres and metals. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fine airborne particulate matter and bound chemical compounds are potential mediators of adverse health effects. In this study, PM2.5 and PM10 were characterized for bound polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) and the mutagenic potential of extracts was assessed. PM2.5 and PM10 samples were collected on glass fiber filters at Agra from July to December 2010 using a fine particulate sampler (Envirotech, APM 550). The content of PAH was analyzed by gas chromatography and the extract were tested for mutagenicity by the Ames test without using S9. Individual PAH concentration varied from 13–172 ng m−3 with concentration for Chrysene and a dominance of low molecular weight compounds. Both PM and PAH concentrations were higher in the winter and were negatively correlated with temperature and wind speed. Diagnostic ratio analysis indicated contributions from vehicular exhaust and emissions from combustion of domestic fuel like coal and wood. Mutagenicity assays indicated the presence of mutagens capable of causing base pair and frame shift mutagenicity; however, within the range of tested concentrations no significant toxic effects were detected. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: In the present study 14 metallic species (six crustal and eight trace metals) were quantified in the suspended particulate matter (SPM) at a rural and urban location of Delhi, India. Particulate matter was collected on glass fiber filters for a period of one year (from September 2003 to August 2004). Rank sum test revealed that the TSP concentration at the urban site was significantly (P =0.47) higher as compared to the rural site. Urban site showed highest SPM concentration during winter while rural site during summer. Enrichment factor (EF) and coefficient of variation (CV) were calculated to assess the variability of elemental concentration data. Trace metals viz. Pb, Cd, Cu and Zn were observed to be highly enriched at both the sites, but EF for Zn and Cu was 2–3 times higher at the urban site as compared to the rural site. Trace and crustal metal concentration displayed less variability at the urban site. In the urban area, metals were mainly found to come from construction and industrial activities in surrounding. At the rural site, re-suspended and wind-blown dust appeared to be the source of observed elemental concentration. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

In this article, the author discusses the importance of fibre-optics and semiconductor technology in modern life. He refers to the work of Nobel prize winners Charles Kao, Willard Boyle and George Smith on glass fibres and charged couple devices (CCD). He is critical of the poor researches in the field of semiconductor technology in India. Also investigated the contribution of CCD to space science and astrophysics.

A glass reinforced plastic road tanker has been developed in an Indian project. The composite tanker has a longer life cycle, lower maintenance and additional carrying capacity over the steel tankers traditionally used in the country. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]