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Introduction: Tridax procumbens Linn. (Tridax) is a common weed found all over India. It is commonly known as Peet Bhringraj, Jakhamjod and Kambarmodi etc. It is traditionally being used since centuries for wound healing and haemostasis and also for the treatment of diarrhea, dysentery, bronchial catarrh etc. Need of the Study: Tridax is traditionally being used in its crude form. Despite of the marked utility of Tridax in wound management, in Ayurvedic literature neither there is much description of Tridax nor its dosage forms are mentioned. Exploring the various dosage forms Objective: Thus the study is designed to find out an effective Ayurvedic dosage form of Tridax that is more effective and on the same hand is holistic in approach as per principles of Ayurveda. Materials and Method: An animal experiment is conducted on Albino rats using excision wound model. Five dosage forms of Tridax were prepared such as Ash, Kalka, Oil, Ghana and Ethanolic extract and were compared with control to evaluate rate of contraction and period of epithelialization. Results and Conclusion: The results were outstanding. Different dosage forms of Tridax exhibited excellent wound healing property. Few dosage forms exhibited typical behavior in different stages of wound healing. Hence Tridax can be seen as a potent drug to develop a good wound healing agent of future. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Biowaivers are recommended for immediate-release solid oral dosage forms using dissolution testing as a surrogate for in vivo bioequivalence studies. Several guidance are currently available (the World Health Organization (WHO), the US FDA, and the EMEA) where the conditions are described. In this study, definitions, criteria, and methodologies according to the WHO have been applied. The dissolution performances of immediate-release metronidazole, zidovudine, and amoxicillin products purchased in South African and Indian markets were compared to the relevant comparator pharmaceutical product (CPP)/reference product. The dissolution performances were studied using US Pharmacopeia (USP) apparatus 2 (paddle) set at 75 rpm in each of three dissolution media (pH1.2, 4.5, and 6.8). Concentrations of metronidazole, zidovudine, and amoxicillin in each dissolution media were determined by HPLC. Of the 11 metronidazole products tested, only 8 could be considered as very rapidly dissolving products as defined by the WHO, whereas 2 of those products could be considered as rapidly dissolving products but did not comply with the f 2 acceptance criteria in pH 6.8. All 11 zidovudine products were very rapidly dissolving, whereas in the case of the 14 amoxicillin products tested, none of those products met any of the WHO criteria. This study indicates that not all generic products containing the same biopharmaceutics classification system (BCS) I drug and in similar strength and dosage form are necessarily in vitro equivalent. Hence, there is a need for ongoing market surveillance to determine whether marketed generic products containing BCS I drugs meet the release requirements to confirm their in vitro bioequivalence to the respective reference product.

Insulin after its clinical use in the early 1920s has undergone major advances to become widely accepted to combat all patients with type 1 diabetes and many of type 2 diabetes. Twenty-seven per cent patients of type 2 diabetes use insulin therapy but less than 1/2 achieves recommended HbA1c level 7 per cent or less. So suboptimal insulin therapy is common. It can be said that premix insulin can be used safely in combination with OHAs once or twice a day. Insulin analogues were created to achieve optimum glycaemic control. Storage, mixing Insulins and timing and site of injection of insulin have been narrated. Insulin regimen depends on diagnosis, glycaemic status, patient compliance and physicians' choice. Basal only insulin, once/twice daily premix insulin, basal bolus insulin regimen have also be described. A common starting dose in type 2 diabetes is 0.15 units/kg body weight/day, however higher doses are often required. The evaluation of a patient is always mandatory with increasing/ decreasing insulin requirements. Insulin therapy has undergone remarkable developments in the present age. The introduction of insulin analogues, better patient friendly delivery devices has improved compliance and acceptability among diabetics.

Serum was collected from six adults participating in a field trial of sulfadoxine and pyrimethamine in combination which was being administered once monthly for malaria suppression. Samples were drawn during each of two consecutive months three hours, and 7, 14 and 28 days following a dose of 1 500 mg sulfadoxine. Serum sulfadoxine concentration was measured using the method of Bratton and Marshall (1939). Initial serum concentrations averaged 19-9 plus or minus 2-4 (SD) mg/100 ml and decayed to 6-2 plus or minus 2-8 mg/100 ml at 14 days. Serum sulfadoxine concentrations were still detectable at 28 days following a dose (2-1 plus or minus 1-5 mg/100 ml). Elimination half-time averaged 195 plus or minus 44 hours. The presistent serum concentrations of sulfadoxine following monthly doses documented here during field-use of this drug are in agreement with the successful clinical results reported for such a regimen (Lewis and Ponnampalam, 1974; O'Holohan and Hugoe-Mathews, 1971; Wolfensberger, 1971).

The past 3 years of renewed research on the effects of marihuana in man has added little not previously known about the clinical syndromes produced by the drug. The major advance has been a quantification of dose in relation to clinical phenomena, and a beginning of an understanding of the drug's metabolism. The crucial clinical experiments in regard to the social questions about marihuana, such as the possible deleterious effects from chronic use, cannot be answered by laboratory experiments. These must be settled by close observations made on those who experiment on themselves. It should be possible, within a relatively short time, to determine whether marihuana has any medical utility, but the future would appear to be no more promising than the past in this regard. The mechanisms by which marihuana alters mental functions are not likely to be answered in man, nor even answered soon by animal studies. As marihuana may be unique among drugs in that more experimentation has been accomplished in man than in animals, it may be necessary to look to additional animal studies to provide leads for pertinent future studies in man.