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Background: In this modern emerging world, the Caesarean section epidemic is spreading immensely and becoming a serious issue for which international attentions are very much required. Females who have previously undergone caesarean sections possess high risks in the group of Obstetrics followed with associated medical and legal complications which in turn can be fetal for both the mother and child. The main concern in these cases lies in that fact that a scarred uterus at times end up in rupturing the full uterus while leading to severe maternal as well as perinatal morbidity. Methods: This study was a Observational, Cross-Sectional Institution Based Study conducted in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Nil Ratan Sarkar Medical College & Hospital, Kolkata, West Bengal, India from March 2021 to February 2022. 120 patients of previous caesarean deliveries admitted at N.R.S Medical College & Hospital to be included in the study. A suitable predesigned pretested Proforma for data collection was prepared. Routine Obstetric, menstrual, relevant past, personal and family history were also elicited. Template was generated in MS excel sheet and analysis was done on SPSS software. Results: History of previous caesarean deliveries was between 18-20years which was 36.67% followed by the age group between 21-25years was 45%. most common antenatal complications was APH due to placenta previa followed by scar dehiscence following scar rupture. LSCS was done in 100 cases and 20 cases went for VBAC, out of which difficulty in opening abdomen was encountered in 4 out of 100 number of the patients. the percentage of babies delivered by VBAC who were admitted to the NICU was 60% and the number of babies having delayed cry was 70%. Total NICU admission out of the 120 babies having APGAR Score below 5 was 28 and those who were not taken for the NICU admission was 92. Conclusions: From this study, we can conclude that the women with a prior caesarean section are at an increased risk of having repeated caesarean again for the current pregnancy. Hence the key for the reduction of the repeated caesarean section lies in the vigilance of the indications with respect to the primary caesarean delivery, proper counseling for trial of labor, and proper antepartum and intrapartum monitoring of patients [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Time Series (TS) data often exhibits a cyclical pattern. Security indices time series data is not an exception to that. Three forms of Indian security indices data are studied here for characterization of business cycles. These are of values, returns, and moving variance series of selected sectorial National Stock Exchange (NSE) indices together with the gross indices Nifty and Sensex by considering daily movements. The datasets are analyzed by Fast Fourier Transform (FFT), Short Time Fourier Transform (STFT) and wavelet-based methods with and without Hodrick and Prescott (H-P) filtering as pre-processing. The FFT analysis shows that most of the indices show business cycles of approximately quarterly duration, whereas wavelet studies identified some structural breaks in some of the considered datasets. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]