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Purpose: To analyze data on eyelid malignancy in India, clinical and pathologic features, and outcomes.Methods: A multicentre study, from oculoplastic practices in four geographic zones in India. The centers perform similar documentation and protocol-based management for eyelid tumors. Clinical features, pathology, American Joint Committee on Cancer (AJCC) class, management, and the outcomes were analyzed.Results: The study included 129 patients, with slight female preponderance and mean age 62.7 years. The median delay to the consultation was 9 months. Rural patients traveled a mean distance of 115.2 km; there was no difference between the city and outstation patients in the delay to consultation or follow up. Pathology included 55/129 (42.6%) sebaceous gland carcinoma (SGC), 47/129 (36.4%) basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in 15 (11.6%), and 12 (9.3%) other tumors. Commonest AJCC class was T2b/T3a in 80/111 (72%), invasion of the orbit was present in 16 (12.4%). Surgery with margin clearance was performed in 103. With a mean follow-up of 21.44 months, local recurrence and/or metastasis were seen in 12%. The diagnosis of SGC was strongly associated with adverse outcomes (odds ratio: 7.36). On multiple logistic regression analysis, diagnosis of SGC (P = 0.011) was significant in having adverse outcomes.Conclusion: The multicenter Indian data shows the highest prevalence of SGC, with the commonest AJCC class T2b. Most tumors were locally resectable at presentation. The histopathologic diagnosis of SGC is the factor strongly associated with adverse outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

PURPOSE: To study the clinical profile and management outcomes of periocular basal cell carcinoma (BCC). MATERIALS AND METHODS: A retrospective analysis of all histopathologically proven cases of BCC between 1995 and 2015 was done. The demographic data, clinical presentation, histopathological subtype, and management outcomes were analyzed. RESULTS: We had a total of 185 malignant eyelid tumors during the study period, out of which 37 (20%) were BCC. Thirty-two (86.5%) out of 37 cases were primary BCC. The mean age was 63.3 years. Pigmented ulcerative lesion (14, 38%), lower eyelid (19, 51%), and nodular BCC (15, 40%) were the most common presentation, periocular site, and histological subtype, respectively. 28 patients underwent excision under frozen section with an average tumor-free margin of 3.5 mm. Mean follow-up period was 18.78 months. Recurrence rate of 0% and 3.1% was noted in primary and recurrent BCC, respectively. CONCLUSION: Periocular BCC commonly presents as pigmented ulcerative lesion in the lower lid. Excision biopsy under frozen section with an average tumor-free margin of 3.5 mm offers cure in most cases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Nevoid basal-cell carcinoma syndrome (NBCCS) or Gorlin-Goltz syndrome is an autosomal dominant-inherited condition that exhibits high penetrance and variable expressivity; however, this disorder can arise spontaneously. In 1960, Gorlin and Goltz described the syndrome as a condition, comprising the principle triad of multiple basal cell carcinoma, odontogenic keratocysts, and skeletal anomalies. The diagnostic findings of NBCCS in four patients were studied and compared with other reports in the Indian population. Early diagnosis of this syndrome is important for counseling of patients to prevent the life-long complications of this syndrome which includes the malignancy, oro-maxillofacial deformation, and destruction; this may be reduced if the diagnosis and treatment are made feasible at the earliest. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gorlin-Goltz syndrome is an autosomal dominant inherited disorder characterized by the presence of multiple odontogenic keratocysts along with various cutaneous, dental, osseous, ophthalmic, neurological, and sex organ abnormalities. Early diagnosis is essential as it may progress to aggressive basal cell carcinomas and neoplasias. Gorlin-Goltz syndrome has rarely been reported from India. We report here one such patient, diagnosed at a rural hospital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The menace of cancer has emerged to be a global challenge. It is estimated that by 2030, about 22 million people are to diagnosed with some form of cancer. This data should be pointer to the fact that this killer disease has gotten hold over us but careful study reveals a somewhat different story. While the overall number of cancer cases reported is rising alarmingly, it is to be noted that the overall mortality rate is declining significantly.A drop of 25% in cancer deaths(about 2.1 million)has been recorded. However, there are certain forms of cancer which either due to negligence or lack of awareness on the part of general population are not being at par with the declining mortality rates of several other cancer subtypes. While female breast cancer has received enough attention, striking contrary example is that of its male counterpart- male breast cancer . Elevated estrogen levels, mutations in BRCA1, BRCA2 and family history are usually the causes.The tumor formed in these soft breast tissues metastasize extremely fast making it even more difficult for this uncommon disease to be treated. It is a rare condition and generally found in men of ages 60-70.However, in India this aggressive disease is found in men at a relatively early age.The five year survival rate for women with early diagnosis is 83% while it is only 73% in men, which makes it a suitable candidate for serious study. Another prevalent form of cancer is skin cancer but we often restrain ourselves by considering UV rays to be the sole cause of this. According to Cancer Research UK, some of the other causes of skin cancer include Gorlin's syndrome, Human papilloma virus, a weak immune system, chemicals and other radiations. An effective approach to deal with skin cancer would require the inclusion of the study of all such causes.We intend to present here a holistic review concerning these two rather relatively less studied form of cancer to assess the diagnostic and therapeutic efficacy available to us for a possible curative route. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]