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The essential oil of the rhizome of Alpinia speciosa K. Schum. collected from Dehradun, India, was isolated by hydrodistillation and analyzed by CC and CC/MS. Sixty-six compounds representing 95.98% of the oil were identified. The major constituents of the essential oil of the rhizome were terpinen-4-ol (15.4%), 1,8-cineole (11.1%) and T-cadinol (8.8%). The oil showed antibacterial activity against Micrococcus luteus, Streptococcus niutans, Bacillus subtilis, Staphylococcus aureus (Grain-positive), Salmonella typhi and Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Grain-negative) using the well diffusion method. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]