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Introduction: Antibiotics have important roles in human health, whereas irrational use of antibiotics is a major problem of public health that leads to resistance and ADRs. This study aimed to evaluate the prescribing pattern along with adverse drug reactions of antibiotics. Materials and Methods: A hospital-based prospective observational study was conducted on 960 patients from September 2021 to February 2022. All of the treatment charts were used to review for prescribed patterns of antibiotic drugs in infected patients, when required data were found processed and noted in performed data form. This data were included antibiotics ADRs, patients' personal information and Antibiotics prescribed pattern details. Patients were under monitoring and followed up till discharged or shifted to other wards. Results: 56.87% were male and most ages were above 51. Diabetes mellitus and respiratory diseases were the most common diseases found among infected patients. The average of antibiotics used per patient was 2.09. Penicillins were the most prescribed antibiotics among patients and they were used mostly for prophylaxis and treatment of infection diseases and respiratory diseases. 25.62% of patients found with antibiotics ADRs (9.37% males, 16.25% females); Most of the ADRs belonged to penicillins (31.76%) and carbapenems (17.64%) and most organs affected by ADRs were GIT, skin and muscles; based on severity and causality 60% were moderate and 63.52% were probable. Conclusion: Antibiotics in high numbers and different classes were used and caused ADRs on patients to a lesser extent that indicates good quality of prescribing policies and requirements in process of the hospital. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What is known and Objective: The effect of histamine‐2 receptor antagonists (H2RAs) use causing inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD) has been reported in few isolated observational studies; however, pooled estimation of IBD risk has not been done. The present study was conducted to estimate the risk of IBD [Crohn's disease (CD), ulcerative colitis (UC) and microscopic colitis (MC)], among H2RAs users. Methods: Databases such as MEDLINE/PubMed, Scopus and Cochrane Library were searched from inception to January 2021. A bibliographic search of selected articles, random search in Google Scholar and ResearchGate were also performed for any additional studies. The observational studies which assessed the incidence or risk of IBD in H2RA users published in the English language were considered. Modified Downs and Black Checklist was used for quality assessment. Two independent reviewers were involved in study selection, data extraction and quality assessment; any discrepancies were settled through consensus or by consulting a third reviewer. Results: Four studies out of 2,658 articles were included for this meta‐analysis. The meta‐analysis of 4 studies with 8939 participants revealed a significantly higher risk of IBD (OR: 2.27; 95% CI: 1.70–3.02; p < 0.0001) in H2RA users compared to non‐users. Similar significant relationships were observed in the subgroup analysis of adults (p < 0.0001) and paediatrics (p = 0.04). The quality of included studies was observed to be fair to good. What is new and Conclusion: Our findings indicate a significantly higher IBD risk among those who used H2RA compared to non‐users both in adults and in paediatrics. Further observational studies involving large populations are required to strengthen these results and to generalize these findings. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A Non experimental descriptive approach was used for this study. Objectives are to assess the knowledge regarding the adverse effect of alcoholism among adolescents and to find out the association between the level of knowledge with selected demographic variables. The study was carried out in Panchayat Union Middle School, Pallipattu at Vaniyambadi. The sample comprised of 60 adolescents studying in 6t` to 8t` standard, selected by convenience sampling technique. A total of 60 students selected for the study by using structured knowledge questionnaire. The result of this study showed that students having 53.3% average knowledge regarding adverse effect of alcoholism and no significant association was found between demographic variables and knowledge level. The findings of this study helps to aware about adolescent knowledge regarding adverse effect of alcoholism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

What is known and objective Studies indicate that there is an increased serum concentration of amlodipine (a calcium channel blocker used to treat hypertension and angina) in patients having mutant multidrug resistance 1 ( MDR1) gene. Hence, genetic factors may play a very significant role in amlodipine-induced complications including gingival enlargement. Case description Three patients with amlodipine-induced gingival enlargement showed improvement following drug substitution of amlodipine with enalapril (an angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitor) and non-invasive periodontal therapy. Using allele-specific polymerase chain reaction, single nucleotide polymorphism of MDR1 gene of heterozygous mutant type ( CT genotype) was identified in all three cases. What is new and conclusion Drug-induced complications can potentially be a result of genetic factors, in combination with various local and systemic factors. Identifying genetic polymorphisms early might help predict adverse reactions and determine prognosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Concomitant use of multiple drugs is often indicated to manage comorbid conditions and enhance efficacy. Such concomitant use of multiple drugs (five or more drugs) has been defined as "polypharmacy." Polypharmacy has been associated with adverse consequences such as greater healthcare costs, increased risk of adverse drug events, drug-drug interactions (DDIs), medication nonadherence, reduced functional capacity, and multiple geriatric syndromes. This study evaluated number of potential harmful DDIs due to polypharmacy. Materials and Methods: A prospective, cross-sectional, observational study was performed from July 2011 to June 2012. Approval was obtained from the Institutional Ethics Committee, Goa Medical College. Drug interactions were identified using a computerized DDI database system Lexi-Comp version: 2.4.1. Quantitative data analysis was done by the SPSS for Windows version 17.0. Results: Seven hundred and fifty-one out of 5424 (13.85%) prescriptions were observed to have polypharmacy with highest rates observed in the Department of Medicine. The median age of patients was 55.60 ± 13.86 (range 10-108 years). A total number of drugs per prescription ranged from minimum of 5 to maximum of 16 drugs, with an average of 7.96 ± 1.75. A large number of 596 prescriptions contained 6-9 drugs per prescription. Drugs involved in potential DDIs in our study included aspirin, antacids, beta-blockers, 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl-coenzyme reductase inhibitors, calcium channel blockers, angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors, ondansetron, and H2 blockers. Conclusion: Patients taking multiple medications experience unique pharmacotherapy. Personalized drug prescribing strategies and close monitoring of patients taking drugs with potential DDIs are keys to optimal therapeutic result. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Malaria an endemic disease of India caused by plasmodium species. Chloroquine, a member of quinolone group of drugs is used to treat malaria. Although it has a very safety profile as it is used during pregnancy, many adverse effects have also been reported. Here we report a case of 30-year-old male admitted with fever diagnosed to be having malaria, who developed urticaria immediately after being treated with first dose of chloroquine which was treated successfully. This is the first case reported ever in an adult having chloroquine induced urticaria. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines are currently at the forefront of India's fight against the pandemic. They have been shown to prevent the disease or reduce its severity, following 2 doses given at an interval of 6-8 weeks., Objectives: The present cross-sectional survey was carried out on 1,145 health care practitioners in order to recognize and evaluate the adverse effects of vaccination as well as knowledge, motivation and attitudes with regard to vaccines amongst the respondents after the 1st dose of vaccination., Material and Methods: An anonymous survey was carried out among different age and gender groups in the medical colleges situated in the state of Maharashtra, India. The participants' responses were collected with the use of the Google Forms platform through sending a URL link to the questionnaire. The validity of the questionnaire was pilot-tested and the obtained Cronbach's alpha value was 0.80. Amongst the 1,145 participants, 92.2% of the respondents received COVISHIELD™ and 7.8% received COVAXIN®. The subjects were further scrutinized in 4 different age groups:18-27 years (73.0%); 28-37 years (14.8%); 38-47 years (9.6%); and above 47 years (2.5%)., Results: Adverse effects were common in the age group of 18-27 years and were observed significantly more frequently in females than males. A very common symptom was pain at the site of injection with an occurrence of 85.2%. Fever was present in 62.6% of the respondents, with 39.1% having low-grade fever and very few having high-grade fever., Conclusions: Knowledge about adverse effects and what to expect after vaccination would help to educate people, dispel misinformation and reduce vaccination hesitancy. It can also help to promote awareness about the incidence of adverse effects and the safety of COVID-19 vaccines.

Background: There has been major controversy over vaccine safety in India following newspaper reports citing right to information (RTI) disclosure that there have been increasing vaccine related deaths following immunization in children in the recent years., Methods: Secondary data analysis., Results and Conclusion: Adverse effect following immunization (AEFI) events in recent years are being linked to closure of three government owned vaccine producing public sector units (PSU) closures in India. The media reports quoting government sources suggest that the total number of reported deaths due to AEFI in a pre-closure of vaccine PSUs 7 years (2001-2007) was 136, whereas it is 355 in the post vaccine PSU closure 3 years (2008 to 2010). There is an issue of comparability of numbers of AEFI deaths pre- (2001-2007) and post-vaccine PSU closure era (2008-2011) and linking increased AEFI deaths to vaccine PSU closure.