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Background: Jack bean is an under-exploited legume species, a source of food, medicine and cover crop. By virtue of its adaptive nature to low fertility soils, it is one of the few pulses that grow well on highly leached, nutrient depleted, lowland tropical soils. But, in India, crop improvement work is very little done. Stability of yield is a major criterion for farmer's acceptability of any variety and there are several methods to estimate the stability and G × E interaction effects of a genotype across seasons. Among these, AMMI analysis is the most recent and widely exploited in different crops for the identification of stable genotypes. In this context, yield stability of 10 accessions of jack bean is studied to identify the stable genotypes. Methods: The experiment was conducted with 10 Jack bean genotypes in RCBD with two replications under rain fed conditions during 2017-2020 in Kharif for four seasons. The data was subjected to analysis of variance and then taken for AMMI and GGE analysis for identification of stable genotypes. Result: The combined analysis of variance revealed that there was highly significant variation (p<0.01) in grain yield and environments and genotype interaction among the genotypes. The average bean yield of the genotypes was 533.1 grams per plant. The highest and the lowest mean yield was recorded in PSR-12202 and CHMJB-02 respectively which was corroborated by the AMMI bi-plot as well. Similar to the AMMI bi-plot, the GGE bi-plot also confirmed that PSR-12202 was the stable genotype across the environments, whereas, G1, G2, G3, G4, G6, G7 and G8 were the other genotypes with low yields in some or all the environments. Kharif, 2018 and Kharif, 2020 are discriminating environments and are declared as the most representative than Kharif, 2017 and Kharif, 2019. Generally, PSR-12202 was the ideal genotype with higher mean yield and relatively good stability; G5 was the moderately good yielding genotype and the most unstable genotype; Whereas, G1, G2, G3, G4, G6, G7 and G8 were the poorly yielding and unstable genotypes. Both AMMI and GGE bi-plot are able to establish the genotypic stability and these models can be exploited for judging the genotypes for their GEI in other crops as well. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cashew is cultivated in varied agro-ecological regions of India and yield levels vary with regions. Therefore, to identify stable genotype for yield, 18 genotypes were tested in four environments for nut yield and ancillary traits during 2008 to 2018 in randomized block design with two replications. The data of 6th annual harvest and cumulative nut yield of six years was analyzed employing additive main effect and multiplicative interaction (AMMI) and genotype and genotype by environment (GGE) methods. Analysis of variance for 6th annual harvest indicated significant differences (p < 0.01) for eight traits. Environments varied significantly (p < 0.01) for seven traits. Genotype by environment (G × E) interactions were significant (p < 0.01) for all traits. Analysis of variance for cumulative yield revealed significant variations between genotypes, environments, G x E interactions. Interaction principal component analysis (IPCA) 1 (84.39%) and IPCA 2 (10.27%) together captured 95% of variability. Genotypes, environments and G × E interaction were accounted for 16.18%, 4.50% and 77.22% respectively of total variation. The environment Pilicode discriminated better while Vridhachalam was representative. BPP-8 and Vengulra-7 were the winning genotypes in Bhubaneswar while Kanaka and Priyanka in Pilicode, Vengurla-4 in Jhargram and UN-50 in Vridhachalam. Therefore, promoting cultivation of these winning genotypes in the corresponding environments is highly recommended to enhance cashew nut production. As per ASV (AMMI stability value,) K-22-1 was stable genotype followed by Bhubaneswar-1. As per YSI (yield stability index), Bhubaneswar-1 was stable and high yielding followed by K-22-1 and BPP-8. Thus stable genotypes identified in this study viz., K-22-1 and Bhuvaneswar-1 are recommended for cultivation in west and east regions of India which have most cashew growing areas for increasing the cashew nut production. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Various bacteria known as lactic acid bacteria (LAB) are crucial for food fermentation and producing probiotic products. Most of the lactic acid produced by the LAB, a genus of Gram-positive, non-spore-forming cocci or rods, is responsible for the fermentation of carbohydrates. In anaerobic fermentation, yeast and bacteria break food components into other products. Fermented foods and beverages are described as having carefully controlled microbial development. Some nutrients include proteins, soluble fibre, minerals, vitamins, essential fatty acids, and some essential amino acids found in fermented foods and beverages. There are many different types of fermented foods, so it's essential to describe each one's role in terms of its nature. The bacteria employed in fermentation are typically probiotic, meaning they are good for human health. These bacteria may help us to enhance the nutrient content of food, gastrointestinal infection prevention, improve lactose digestion and cancer prevention, and lower serum cholesterol levels. Indian fermented foods are classified according to the raw materials they contain, like cereal-based, meat-based, pulse-based, vegetable and fruit-based, sweets and snacks-based fermented foods widely used in the Indian Scenario. This review article brings a complete view of traditional fermented foods of different raw materials that are significant and naturally beneficial for human health, with special mention of significant LABs in various fermented foods from India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: Tuberculosis (TB) is the most common infectious disease caused by mycobacterium tuberculosis. Apart from the lungs, tuberculosis also affects the bone marrow. There are significant hematological abnormalities that occur in association with tuberculosis. So we can use these hematological parameters as a marker for the diagnosis, prognosis, and response to therapy. Aims: To evaluate the hematological parameters in pulmonary tuberculosis patients. Methods and Materials: A total of 70 diagnosed tuberculosis patients and 70 healthy controls were selected by purposive sampling in this study. About 4 ml of venous blood was collected with proper aseptic precaution. 2 ml ethylenediamine tetra acetic acid (EDTA) tube blood was used for hematological analysis by using Siemens Advia 2120i 5-part hematology analyzer. Rest 2 ml blood was used for measurement of erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) by Wintrobe's method. Results: The hemoglobin, packed cell volume (PCV), and blood indices values were significantly lower compared to healthy controls in both sexes. White blood cell (WBC) count, absolute neutrophil count, platelet count, and ESR values were significantly increased in tuberculosis patients as compared to healthy controls and were found to be statistically significant (P-value < 0.05). Conclusions: To measure hematological parameters in tuberculosis is a simple and cost-effective method to predict the course of the disease and monitor complications in developing countries like India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A study was conducted to estimate genetic variability among horticultural traits and to evaluate these hybrids for protected environmental cultivation during spring-summer season, 2019 (April-September). Twelve hybrids of tomato were evaluated under modified naturally ventilated poly-house at the Vegetable Research Farm, Department of Vegetable Science and Floriculture, Chaudhary Sarwan Kumar Himachal Pradesh Krishi Vishvavidyalaya following Randomized Complete Block Design (RBD) with three replications, Palampur, Himachal Pradesh, India. Based on the mean performance, hybrid CLN2126×CLN1314G was found promising for yield plant-1 (4.37 kg) yield m-2 area (26.24 kg), TSS (6.53 °B), days to 50% flowering (26.66 days), days to first picking (67.33 days), number of fruits per plant (64.01), inter-nodal length (17.71 cm), number of nodes plant-1 (16.70 nodes) and plant height 316.87 cm). So, an ideal plant type producing a higher yield per plant will be the one having traits like a higher number of fruits per plant, and lesser days to first picking. It is concluded that the hybrid combination CLN2126×CLN1314G is promising for these traits. This can be included for multilocational testing in different agro-climatic zones of Himachal Pradesh under protected environment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Water is becoming degraded at an increasingly rapid rate, demanding complex, dynamic strategies tailored to local contexts. This study focused on innovative strategies by farmers to reduce risk and increase incomes. The surface and groundwater they used for irrigation was becoming degraded because of inflows of largely untreated urban domestic sewage water and industrial effluent into the Musi River that runs through Hyderabad city, south India. Wastewater flowing into the river is channeled for irrigation in this drought-prone, semi-arid area with falling groundwater tables. Wastewater volumes have increased as more water is supplied to Hyderabad. Paddy farmers engaged in continuous innovation in agricultural and water management strategies in response to deteriorating irrigation water quality yet improved water availability. Findings point to the need for greater recognition and dissemination of local innovations and a reversal of knowledge flows entailing improved linkages between local populations, researchers, managers, development workers, and policy makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]