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Explores impact of the popularity of video cassette recorders (VCRs) on development communication in nonindustrialized Third World countries; discusses conditions that have brought about the widespread purchase and use of home VCRs; and examines cultural and political effects, ownership and viewing patterns, and industry and government reactions. (MBR)

Purpose: The present study provides an insight into the issue of social well-being of emerging adults in the Indian context and introduces time perspective (TP) as an individual factor that could influence it. Design/Methodology/Approach: The present study is basically correlational in nature. Data were collected from 130 participants; of these, 84.61 per cent (n = 110) were male and 15.38 per cent (n = 20) female. The mean age of students was 18.5 years; all are the students of different technological institutes of Roorkee. The responses of the participants had been collected using two questionnaires: Zimbardo time inventory (Zimbardo & Boyd, 1999, Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 77 (6), 1271–1288) and social well-being inventory (Keyes, 1998). Multiple regression analysis was used for data analysis. Findings: The results demonstrated that future TP emerges as a significant predictor of social well-being. Originality/Value: The study offers a model that extends the scope of previous researches in the field of social health. It provides a new research paradigm to the area of emerging adulthood and introduces some individual factors that could produce variance in emerging adults' social well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Therapeutic hypothermia for infants with moderate to severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy is well established as standard of care in high-income countries. Trials from low- and middle-income countries have shown contradictory results, and variations in the level of intensive care provided may partly explain these differences. We wished to evaluate biochemical profiles and clinical markers of organ dysfunction in cooled and non-cooled infants with moderate/severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy. Methods: This secondary analysis of the THIN (Therapeutic Hypothermia in India) study, a single center randomized controlled trial, included 50 infants with moderate to severe hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy randomized to therapeutic hypothermia (n = 25) or standard care with normothermia (n = 25) between September 2013 and October 2015. Data were collected prospectively and compared by randomization groups. Main outcomes were metabolic acidosis, coagulopathies, renal function, and supportive treatments during the intervention. Results: Cooled infants had lower pH than non-cooled infants at 6–12 h (median (IQR) 7.28 (7.20–7.32) vs 7.36 (7.31–7.40), respectively, p = 0.003) and 12–24 h (median (IQR) 7.30 (7.24–7.35) vs 7.41 (7.37–7.43), respectively, p < 0.001). Thrombocytopenia (< 100 000) was, though not statistically significant, twice as common in cooled compared to non-cooled infants (4/25 (16%) and 2/25 (8%), respectively, p = 0.67). No significant difference was found in the use of vasopressors (14/25 (56%) and 17/25 (68%), p = 0.38), intravenous bicarbonate (5/25 (20%) and 3/25 (12%), p = 0.70) or treatment with fresh frozen plasma (10/25 (40%) and 8/25 (32%), p = 0.56)) in cooled and non-cooled infants, respectively. Urine output < 1 ml/kg/h was less common in cooled infants compared to non-cooled infants at 0–24 h (7/25 (28%) vs. 16/23 (70%) respectively, p = 0.004). Conclusions: This post hoc analysis of the THIN study support that cooling of infants with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy in a level III neonatal intensive care unit in India was safe. Cooled infants had slightly lower pH, but better renal function during the first day compared to non-cooled infants. More research is needed to identify the necessary level of intensive care during cooling to guide further implementation of this neuroprotective treatment in low-resource settings. Trial registration: Data from this article was collected during the THIN-study (Therapeutic Hypothermia in India; ref. CTRI/2013/05/003693 Clinical Trials Registry – India). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The zoonotic infection of the Nipah virus (NiV) has yet again appeared in 2023 in Kerala state, India. The virus, which has a mortality rate ranging from about 40 to 70%, has already infected India five times, the first being in 2001. The current infection is the sixth virus outbreak in the Indian population. In 1998, the first NiV infection was noted in one village in Malaysia. After that, outbreaks from other South and Southeast Asian countries have been reported periodically. It can spread between humans through contact with body fluids. Therefore, it is unlikely to generate a new pandemic. However, there is a considerable knowledge gap in the different areas of NiV. To date, no approved vaccines or treatments have been available. To fulfil the knowledge gap, the review article provided a detailed overview of the genome and genome-encoded proteins, epidemiology, transmission, pathobiology, immunobiology, diagnosis, prevention and control measures, therapeutics (monoclonal antibodies and drug molecules), and vaccine advancement of the emerging and deadly pathogen. The advanced information will help researchers to develop safe and effective NiV vaccine and treatment regimens worldwide., Competing Interests: Declarations Conflict of interest All Authors have declared no conflict of interest. Ethical Approval None. Informed Consent Not required., (© 2024. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Microbiological Society of Korea.)

Extension faculty, in their role as administrators of volunteers, often lack the competencies to fully manage and utilize this tremendous resource. This article reports the findings of a nation-wide Delphi study that identified 33 competencies required by persons leading volunteers. These competencies included skills in the broad constructs of organizational and systems leadership, developing a positive organizational culture, personal skills that will help them in developing effective teams and managing change, and skills in daily management of volunteers. It is recommended that Extension devote greater time and resources to helping faculty acquire these competencies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Shrimp culture and its export are growing fast in India in tandem with the global demand for protein‐rich seafood. Farmers are always seeking newer technologies and cultural practices to alleviate risks and remain profitable and sustainable. One of the practices that is gaining prevalence in recent years is Penaeus vannamei culture in lined ponds in brackish water and low saline environments. Our study aims to understand the differences in physicochemical and chemical parameters between lined and earthen ponds in simulated experiments and field studies and weighs the economic benefits. Earthen ponds exhibited lower pH fluctuations than lined as soil functions as a buffer against pH variations. The key differentiators were the lower metabolites and higher nutrients in the lined ponds leading to a healthier pond environment. It was complemented by lower vibrio load in the lined ponds, reducing the threat of diseases significantly. Comparatively, 12.5% higher survival rate and 9% higher growth rate were evidenced in the earthen ponds. Economically, lining material increases the initial capital cost and the income per culture was lower due to marginally lower survival and growth rates in lined ponds. However, this reduced profitability was more than offset by the possible higher number of cultures per year and reduced time between cultures. The economic analysis of average culture data established economic advantage of culture in lined ponds over earthen ponds with an incremental Benefit Cost ratio of 2.15. Ultimately, the choice of lined versus earthen culture depends on the investment and risk potential of the farmer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Regular monitoring and precise mapping of urban environment is required by various applications. In this paper, a new method is proposed, in which different combinations of feature bands have been utilized for extraction of built-up surfaces, sub-surfaces and materials in different levels (Level-1, 2 and 3) using AVIRIS-NG hyperspectral imagery of Jodhpur, Rajasthan region of India. Features identified in this study are based on spectral indices, major principal components and fractional abundances, in which first combination is developed using spectral indices and fractional abundances while second is made using spectral indices and major principal components and finally third using combination of all the aforesaid features. It is observed that the combined form of all the aforementioned features produces better extraction results than the other two while combination of spectral indices and fractional abundances may be more useful than the combined form of spectral indices and major principal components. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Pacific white shrimp (Penaeus vannamei) farming is an important commercial aquaculture production system contributing substantially to the economic and societal development in India. Though technically efficient, shrimp farming is potentially susceptible to production risks. A risk assessment study was undertaken to ascertain the potential risks in P. vannamei shrimp farming by developing a framework consisting of risk perception and assessment, communication of risk management practices, and evaluation of their efficiency in tackling the risks. The primary data collected from a proportionate randomly chosen 604 shrimp farmers across the coastal states revealed that P. vannamei shrimp farming was prone to twenty-seven risks having very low to very high probability of occurrence with marginally negative to a catastrophic impact on production and income. Appropriate risk-preventive and management measures were proposed and suitably communicated to the shrimp farmers through training workshops, farmer handbooks in vernacular languages, and launching a mobile app module on on-farm risk assessment. A follow-up study conducted among a random subset of the original sample indicated that 76% of the farmers adopted the proposed risk management practices and experienced that the practices were highly efficient (up to 80%) in tackling the risks associated with shrimp farming. Furthermore, it was observed that adoption of risk management practices is essential to have a successful shrimp production of marketable size and an additional expenditure for adoption of these practices was estimated to be 0.5 USD per kg of shrimp produced. Shrimp farming is a delicate and dynamic production system, and it is unrealistic to avoid the emergence of hazards in the production cycle. Therefore, it is imperative to train the farmers on better management practices (BMP) and develop a certification plan to accredit the farms for the adoption of BMPs that would ensure an economically viable shrimp production in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Psychological interventions such as behavioral activation (BA) that focus on overt behaviors rather than complex cognitive skills may be developmentally well-suited to address youth mental health problems. The current systematic review synthesized evidence on the characteristics, effectiveness and acceptability of behavioral activation (BA) to examine its role as a potential 'active ingredient' for alleviating depression and anxiety among young people aged 14 to 24 years. Methods: Evidence across the following sources were synthesized: (i) randomized control trials (RCT) evaluating interventions where BA has been used as a standalone intervention or as part of a multicomponent intervention, (ii) qualitative studies examining the acceptability of BA as an intervention or as a coping strategy among young people with lived experiences. Consultations with a youth advisory group (YAG) from India were used to draw inferences from existing evidence and identify future research priorities. Results: As part of the review, 23 RCTs were identified; three studies examined BA as a standalone intervention, and the remaining studies examined multicomponent intervention where BA was a constituent element. The intervention protocols varied in composition, with the number of intervention elements ranging between 5 to 18. There was promising but limited evidence in standalone interventions for thse effectiveness of BA for depression. The impact of BA in multicomponent interventions was difficult to evaluate in the absence of focal assessment of activation outcomes. Evidence from 37 additional qualitative studies of youth lived experience literature, corroborated by the YAG inputs, indicated that young people preferred using behavioral strategies similar to BA to cope with depression in their own life. Themes indicated that the activities that are important to an individual and their socio-contextual factors need to be considered in the planning and implementing BA intervention. Evidence for the use of BA in anxiety was limited across data sources. Conclusions: Overall, there was preliminary empirical evidence for the effectiveness and acceptability of BA for youth depression. Further research is needed to examine the components and mechanisms that contribute to its effectiveness as an active intervention ingredient for depression and anxiety. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

• In-situ fluoride adsorption property explained by anion exchange mechanism for the ore type. • Phosphate mine-wastes modified using chemical route. • Fluoride adsorption obeyed pseudo-2nd-order kinetics, Boyd model, and Bangham's model. • pH-controlled mechanism for F− chemisorption and photoreduction of Cr(VI). Herein, an in-situ ion-exchange mechanism of fluoride (F‒) uptake of the ore type present in Beldih (23°3'5"N 86°17'46"E, India) exhausted phosphate mines and fabrication of triclinic, pH-stable a cost-effective Al3+ modified nanocomposites using the phosphate mine-waste (MW) materials for F‒ adsorption and the photoreduction of Cr(VI) under Solar irradiation has been demonstrated. The materials were characterized using thermogravimetric analysis (TGA), X-ray diffraction (XRD), Furrier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), ξ-potential study, UV–vis diffuse reflectance spectra (UV–vis DRS), and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller (BET) surface area studies. The F‒ removal efficiency along with the photoreduction ability was highest for the MW2 (MW : Al3+ = 1:2, w/w %) with BET surface area 11.05 m2/g i.e. 80 % for 10 ppm F‒ solution and 81.89 % for 3 ppm Cr(VI) solution at pH 7 respectively. The F‒ removal occurred through chemisorption process revealed from the FTIR and BET isotherm studies. The photoreduction of Cr(VI) to Cr(III) followed the pseudo-1st-order kinetics and the mechanism established through the pH-controlled surface charge model. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Research examining the relationship at the interface of personality, values, moral foundations and its impact on employees' subjective well‐being, resilience, job performance and satisfaction is almost non‐existent. This study addresses this Special Issue's call focusing on the key antecedents and consequences of resilience on individual and/or organisational level outcomes. It does so by analysing data from two different, though comparative cross‐national studies in Australia and India. Employing a quantitative survey method, we collected data from 195 respondents in Australia and 257 respondents from India. Employing the core theory of moral foundations in association with its relationships with individual personality, values, well‐being and resilience, our findings suggest a significant relationship between personality traits and individual moral foundations, and psychological well‐being via values. The study offers distinctive contributions to the literatures on well‐being, resilience and moral foundations theory. Specifically, the personality trait of extroversion influences power and achievement or self‐enhancement values through individualised moral foundations. Second, the study found that values of benevolence and universalism, or compassionate values, form the basis for biological mechanisms of resilience through individual moral foundations of fairness/harm care. The paper concludes with implications for theory and practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of this study is to determine the impact of Bollywood movies and television programing on the travel behaviours of Indian tourists. 670 usable surveys were gathered and analysed. The involvement construct was utilized to segment respondents into three significantly different groups both demographically and attitudinally. Indians were highly engaged with Bollywood movies and television shows, particularly those highly involved with foreign travel. Highly involved Indians were more likely to participate in tourist activities at destinations shown in Bollywood movies and television programmes, especially visiting specific film locations, and visiting festivals, events and attractions seen in movies. Highly involved individuals use movies and television as motivation to travel more frequently than those who are less involved with international tourism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Classification of crops is very important to study different growth stages and forecast yield. Remote sensing data plays a significant role in crop identification and condition assessment over a large spatial scale. Importance of Normalized Difference Indices (NDIs) along with surface reflectances of remotely sensed spectral bands have been evaluated for classification of eight types of Rabi crops utilizing the Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2 datasets and performances of both the satellites are compared. Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2A images are acquired for the location of crops and seven and nine spectral bands are utilized respectively for the classification. Experiments are carried out considering the different combinations of surface reflectances of spectral bands and optimal NDIs as features in support vector machine classifier. Optimal NDIs are selected from the set of 7C2 and 9C2 NDIs of Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2A datasets respectively using the partial informational correlation measure, a nonparametric feature selection approach. Few important vegetation indices (e.g. enhanced vegetation index) are also experimented in combination with the surface reflectances and NDIs to perform the crop classification. It has been observed that combination of surface reflectances and optimal NDIs can classify the crops more efficiently. The average overall accuracy of 80.96% and 88.16% are achieved using the Landsat-8 and Sentinel-2A datasets respectively. It has been observed that all the crop classes except Paddy and Cotton achieve producer accuracy and user accuracy of more than 75% and 85% respectively. This technique can be implemented for crop identification with adequate accessibility of crop information. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Asthma is a chronic airway illness that affects millions of people worldwide. In India, the prevalence of asthma in adults and children ranges from 0.96% to 11.9%. Sensitization to specific allergens, such as house dust mites and animal dander, is a major risk factor for asthma. Pigeons and their droppings and feathers are a significant source of allergens that can trigger allergic reactions in people with airway diseases. Pigeon-breeder's lung, rhinitis, and asthma are common allergies associated with pigeon exposure. It is recommended that asthmatic patients avoid unnecessary exposure to pigeon antigens to effectively control their condition. [Extracted from the article]

Training is essential for producing an able corps of entrepreneurs who not only survive and thrive, but also contribute to the local and ultimately the global economy. Becoming an entrepreneur is a process of encountering, assessing, and reacting to a series of experiences, situations, and events produced by political, economic, social and cultural changes. This paper studies the training and development programs followed by AWAKE, SISI, MDTC, RVIT and KASSIA in educating potential and existing women entrepreneurs in Karnataka State, and evaluates the impact of the programs. Within the context of research proposal, hypotheses were propounded. While primary analytical research methodology was adopted to carry out the research, cluster random sampling methodology was adopted to select the sample women entrepreneurship training centers in Karnataka. Five institutes were considered for the study, and out of the 1,000 trained women entrepreneurs from each institute, 100 samples were selected for collecting the data. The study reveals the impact of training and development on potential and existing women entrepreneurs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recent studies have documented remarkable genetic variation among Arabidopsis thaliana accessions collected from diverse habitats. Of particular interest are accessions with putatively locally adapted phenotypes – that is, accessions with attributes that are likely adaptive at their sites of origin. These genotypes may provide insight into the genetic basis of adaptive evolution as well as allow the discovery of genes of ecological importance. We studied the physiology, genome content and gene expression of two physiologically extreme accessions (Tsu-1 from Tsushima, Japan and Kas-1 from Kashmir, India). Our study was conducted under two levels of soil moisture and accompanied by physiological measurements to characterize early responses to soil drying. Genomic hybridizations identified 42 503 single feature polymorphisms (SFP) between accessions, providing an initial screen for genetic differences. Transcript profiling identified a large number (5996) of genes exhibiting constitutive differences in expression including genes involved in many biological pathways. Mild soil drying resulted in only subtle physiological responses but resulted in gene expression changes in hundreds of transcripts, including 352 genes exhibiting differential responses between accessions. Our results highlight the value of genomic studies of natural accessions as well as identify a number of candidate genes underlying physiological differences between Tsu-1 and Kas-1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Women in most settings are more likely than men to experience as well as report poor health and functional disabilities. Studies in the economically advanced countries (as in the US) have also shown an association between gender, marital status and health and disability. However, there is very little information about gender differentials in disability among the elderly in developing countries, especially those in South Asia. Also, little is known about the association between gender, marital status, coresidence with sons, and disability among older adults in these countries. This study uses data from the National Family Health Survey conducted in India in 1991-1992 to assess the gender disparities in functional health among persons 55 years and older and to compare the situation in the northern and southern parts of the country. Using logistic regression analysis, this study examines the relation between marital status, living arrangements and functional status of older adults in the states of Uttar Pradesh and Haryana in the north and Kerala and Tamil Nadu in the south. The results confirm a female disadvantage in physical impairments in the northern states, although these differences are not significant in the south. Marital status and coresidence with sons is associated with impairments and these associations show interesting interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Analyzes the treaty meetings of Indians and Americans during seventeenth and eighteenth centuries as the first evidences of theatrical and dramatic activity in the U.S. Relationship between well-established traditions and conventions of the British stage and the American theater; Content of the Indian Treaties; Purpose of writing the treaties.