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2. Policy and Practice in Initial Teacher Training. Quality in Basic Education: Professional Development of Teachers. Papers Presented at a South Asian Colloquium on Teacher Training (Colombo, Sri Lanka, April 1992).
- Author
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Commonwealth Secretariat, London (England). and Thomas, Elwyn
- Abstract
This publication is one of two prepared for a South Asian colloquium on issues related to teacher training in Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. This volume includes four papers presented at the conference. The papers present an analytical view of both policy and practical measures on teacher education. The first paper, "The Professional Development and Training of Teacher Educators" (Elwyn Thomas) examines recruitment, training, and career development in teacher education. The second paper, "Teacher Education: The Quest for Quality" (Motilal Sharma), looks at issues in teacher education in Asia, including World Bank involvement and regional cooperation. The third paper, "A Critique of Policy and Practice in India and Bangladesh" (Adarsh Khanna), analyzes preservice and inservice teacher education in India and Bangladesh, the chief strengths of the Indian and Bangladesh systems, and the importance of aid agency projects. The fourth paper, "Initial Teacher Training in Pakistan" (Haroona Jatoi), explores preservice and inservice teacher training in Pakistan. (Individual papers contains references.) (ND)
- Published
- 1993
3. Initial Teacher Training: South Asian Approaches. Quality in Basic Education: Professional Development of Teachers. Papers Prepared for a South Asian Colloquium on Teacher Training in Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka (Colombo, Sri Lanka, April 1992).
- Author
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Commonwealth Secretariat, London (England).
- Abstract
This publication is one of two prepared for a South Asian Colloquium on issues related to teacher training in Bangladesh, India, Pakistan, and Sri Lanka. The papers in this volume focus on innovations and alternative strategies designed to improve quality in teacher education at preservice phase. The publication is in five sections. The first four sections were prepared by the respective national Ministries of Education. Section 1 is on Bangladesh and includes an overview of literacy and primary education and a discussion of provisions for initial training of teachers, the funding of education, and problems and remedies. Section 2, on India, includes a brief history of India's educational system, a review of key issues in the National Policy of Education, a discussion of issues facing Indian educators in the nineties, and several data tables. Pakistan is the focus of section 3 which looks at historical perspectives on teacher training, training of elementary and secondary teachers, qualifications for teacher educators, innovations in teacher training, analysis of teacher training programs, financing of teacher education, and recommendations for future development. The fourth section is on Sri Lanka and covers inservice and preservice teacher education, successful innovations in teacher training, problems and issues, and statistical information. The final section is an overview by Beatrice Avalos which summarizes the educational context and the characteristics, issues, and alternatives of teacher education in general and in each of the four countries. (Individual sections contain references.) (ND)
- Published
- 1993
4. Bengal in the Nineteenth and Twentieth Centuries. South Asia Series Occasional Paper No. 25.
- Author
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Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Asian Studies Center., McLane, John R., McLane, John R., and Michigan State Univ., East Lansing. Asian Studies Center.
- Abstract
The papers in this document were delivered by scholars from the United States and Canada at the ninth annual Conference on Bengal Studies in 1973. The first two papers discuss the accommodation of Indian literary forms and views of life in the Bengali novel, a foreign literary form adopted in India only in the last century and a half. The third paper analyzes Rabindranath Tagore's play, "Visarjan," while the next three papers are about the changing status of Bengali women since 1850. The seventh paper is a literary analysis of the Bengali Muslim Bardic songs of grief, the eighth paper concerns a Bengali episode which stirred up Hindu-Muslim antagonism, the ninth paper is about the role of language in the creation of Bangladesh, and the tenth paper explores possible changes in the relationship between administration and politics in Bangladesh. The last two papers concern labor and the nationalist movement, and the development of Calcutta. (JM)
- Published
- 1975
5. Women's Status and Fertility in Developing Countries: Son Preference and Economic Security. World Bank Staff Working Papers No. 682 and Population and Development Series No. 7.
- Author
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World Bank, Washington, DC. and Cain, Mead
- Abstract
The relationship between women's status--defined in terms of the degree to which they are economically dependent on men--and fertility in developing nations is examined. After a brief introduction, part 2 discusses a particular theoretical perspective regarding fertility determinants in developing countries and explores the implications of women's status within that context. Special attention is given to the value of children as security assets in settings where public welfare assistance in minimal or nonexistent and financial and insurance markets are poorly developed. Part 3 examines women's situation in which economic status and the institutional factors that create a particular degree of dependence determine the relevance of sex of children in defining security goals. It is noted that in societies where women are highly dependent on men, security goals will, of necessity, be defined in terms of surviving sons; where women are relatively independent economically, it is more likely that children of either sex can severe security goals. Part 4 uses a cross-national empirical analysis to support the argument that given similar security needs, and other things being equal, fertility will be considerably higher in settings where there is a strong preference for sons than in settings where son preference is weak. (Author/RSL)
- Published
- 1984
6. Abusive behaviors: long-term forced quarantine and intimate partner violence during Covid-19 outbreak.
- Author
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Hosain, Md Sajjad and Jakia, Umma
- Subjects
INTIMATE partner violence -- Law & legislation ,DISMISSAL of employees ,HEALTH policy ,MIDDLE-income countries ,INTERVIEWING ,UNCERTAINTY ,MEDICAL care ,INTIMATE partner violence ,RISK assessment ,CRIME victims ,EXPERIENCE ,SPOUSES ,INCOME ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,SOCIAL isolation ,SOCIAL security ,PUBLIC housing ,LOW-income countries ,CASE studies ,FINANCIAL stress ,INTERPERSONAL relations ,STAY-at-home orders ,DEVELOPING countries ,COVID-19 pandemic ,POWER (Social sciences) - Abstract
Purpose: As Covid-19 became a pandemic, numerous people were forced to stay at home, leading to increased intimate partner violence (IPV) in many countries, particularly in developing and least-developed ones. This paper aims to highlight the IPV based on 15 different cases formed from the practical evidence of five developing countries. Design/methodology/approach: The authors interviewed 15 women from five countries who were the victims of IPV during the early periods of Covid-19 outbreak. Due to geographical remoteness, the authors conducted informal telephone interviews to collect the participants' personal experiences. The conversations were recorded with participants' permission; afterwards, the authors summarized participants' experiences into 15 different cases without revealing their original identities (instead, disguised names were used). Findings: It was revealed that the women were the primary victims of such violence, particularly from their intimate partners (husbands). In most cases, such IPV, as reported by the interviewees, originated or increased after the pandemic when they were forced to stay at home, losing their partners' jobs or income sources. Originality/value: The authors summarized the causes of IPV and put forward a few action recommendations based on the interviewees' practical experience and existing literature. This paper will open a new window for research investigations on IPV during emergencies such as Covid-19 outbreak. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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7. Biotechnology research pattern in four SAARC countries from 2007 to 2016.
- Author
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Singh, Manendra Kumar
- Subjects
BIOTECHNOLOGY research ,SCIENTOMETRICS - Abstract
The study presents the trends in authorship pattern and author collaborative in the Biotechnology research field with the sample of 18119 articles which collected from Scopus database for the year 2007 to 2016. The search string used for data download is same for all country and all data downloaded for each country. The three scientometric tools; Collaboration Coefficient, Authorship pattern and Activity Index have been used for the data analysis. The multi- authorship articles are greater than single authorship. The study found that the researchers in Biotechnology move towards team research or group research rather than solo research. The average Activity Index of four SAARC countries for ten years' time spam is highest for India and lowest counted for Sri Lanka followed by Pakistan and Bangladesh at the 3rd and 4th place. The international collaboration shows that the United States has taken the top position for India and Sri Lanka, another hand China important for Pakistan and Bangladesh contributed with Japan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
8. Immigration and Intergenerational Co-Residency Among Working-Aged Adults in the United Kingdom.
- Author
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Ansari-Thomas, Zohra
- Subjects
EMIGRATION & immigration & psychology ,ECONOMIC impact ,INTERGENERATIONAL relations ,HUMAN life cycle ,SEX distribution ,EMPLOYMENT ,RESEARCH funding ,RESIDENTIAL patterns ,PARENT-child relationships ,PARENTS ,ADULTS - Abstract
Studies in the United Kingdom have shown distinctions in intergenerational co-residency between UK-born and foreign-born individuals, however, little research has examined how factors such as immigrant incorporation, economic adaptation, and kin availability shape household formation patterns among immigrants. This paper uses data from the UK Household Longitudinal Study (2009–2010) to explore differences in the likelihood of UK-born and foreign-born working-aged adults to co-reside with at least one parent, highlighting distinctions by life stage (age) at migration and gender. Results show that, regardless of life stage at migration, foreign-born women and men are less likely to co-reside with parents than UK-born, however, intergenerational co-residency is high among some second-generation immigrant groups, particularly UK-born Indian, Pakistani, and Bangladeshi individuals. These findings challenge cultural assumptions about household formation patterns and point to the need for additional research on how economic inequality, kin availability, and gender norms shape immigrant household composition. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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9. Predatory Publishing in Indian LIS Research: A Case Study.
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Dora, Mallikarjun and Kampa, Raj Kishor
- Subjects
PREDATORY open access publishing ,LIBRARIANS ,PERIODICAL publishing ,LIBRARY catalogs ,LIBRARY science - Abstract
The study examines the possible predatory journals in Library and Information Science research in India, including the affiliation status of the authors publishing in those predatory journals, frequency of returning authors, and country-wise distribution of authors. The paper used Beall's list to find out the predatory journals in LIS published from India. Publication trends, affiliations of authors, and the status of the 22 LIS journals under the study were critically analyzed. The result shows that the predatory journals were diminishing slowly; in 2016, there were eight active journals, while in 2021, it was reduced to four journals. Similarly, the publication trends show that the highest number of articles (398) was published in the year 2015, and it was only 66 articles in 2020. It is revealed that academics hailing from state universities (42.88%) are the highest contributors to the predatory journals, followed by professionals from government colleges (16.76%). The results indicate that predatory publishing was rampant in the early years but declined gradually. Researchers from India have published the most articles, totaling 1760 (93%), followed by those from Nigeria (64, 3.3%), Bangladesh (10), and Saudi Arabia (eight articles). It is also revealed that 21.66% (n = 438) are returning authors who have published more than one article in the sample journals. The paper discusses the role of the government and especially the University Grants Commission (UGC) in curbing the menace of predatory publishing. The authors also discuss the possible role of library professionals in stopping the plague of predatory publishing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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10. Comparing the sociology of culture in Bangladesh and India: Similarities and differences in Bangladeshi and Indian cultures.
- Author
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Sakib, S. M. Nazmuz
- Subjects
CULTURE ,ANTHROPOLOGY ,CULTURAL values ,CULTURAL property ,SOCIAL influence ,CROSS-cultural differences - Abstract
The sociology of culture is an important field that examines how societies create, maintain, and transform their cultural practices and beliefs. In the context of Bangladesh and India, this field is particularly relevant due to their rich and diverse cultural heritage. This paper explores the sociology of culture in these countries, focusing on cultural similarities and differences. Through a literature review of research from anthropology, sociology, history, and related fields, we will examine the historical background of cultural development in both countries, considering the impact of colonialism, nationalism, globalization, language, ethnicity, and religion. We will then present a comparative analysis of cultural practices, beliefs, and values, drawing on empirical data and case studies. This paper aims to contribute to our understanding of the sociology of culture in Bangladesh and India by shedding light on their diverse cultural heritage and exploring the ways in which cultural practices and values are shaped by historical, social, and political factors. By comparing the cultural similarities and differences between these nations, we hope to deepen our understanding of how culture is influenced by the broader social and political context. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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11. Externalization of Indian federalism: Understanding the role of West Bengal and Tripura on India's policy toward Bangladesh.
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Chattopadhyay, Pratip and Debnath, Biplab
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FEDERAL government ,POLITICAL affiliation ,POLITICAL campaigns ,POLITICAL parties ,POLITICAL systems ,ROHINGYA (Burmese people) - Abstract
In a federal political system like India, the role of the federal units bordering the neighboring countries becomes crucial in foreign policy-making toward neighboring countries. It is expected that when similar political parties or coalition partners remain in power in both the center and the states, federal politics does not hinder policy-making toward neighboring countries. Moreover, foreign policy being a central subject, federal units any way reflect passive tendencies, especially in the case of governments with the same party affiliations. Both these simplifications are contested in this paper by citing instances of the role of West Bengal and Tripura, India's two federal units bordering the neighboring country of Bangladesh, at different historical junctures, in which similar political parties in the center and the state resulted in more friction than when different political parties were in office in matters of India's foreign policy-making toward Bangladesh. The paper argues that instead of federalization of foreign policy, where federal units have an influential role, this particular experience suggests an externalization of federalism, where an external variable (Bangladesh) influences internal federal dynamics to the extent that domestic electoral politics force the political parties of the two federal units to give importance to the neighboring country in taking positions on foreign policy-making. The immediate context of fifty years of the India-Bangladesh relationship and question about over-centralization during the latest phase of the National Democratic Alliance (NDA) regime in India push the authors to take up Bangladesh as a case to contest the given of Indian federalism in foreign policy making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
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12. A Medical-Legal and Psychological Systematic Review on Vitriolage Related to Gender-Based Violence.
- Author
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Barchielli, Benedetta, Lausi, Giulia, Pizzo, Alessandra, Messineo, Manuel, Del Casale, Antonio, Giannini, Anna Maria, and Ferracuti, Stefano
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RISK of violence ,MENTAL illness risk factors ,ONLINE information services ,PSYCHOLOGY information storage & retrieval systems ,CULTURE ,GENDER role ,ACIDS ,UNEMPLOYMENT ,SUBSTANCE abuse ,PSYCHOLOGICAL vulnerability ,SYSTEMATIC reviews ,AGE distribution ,DOMESTIC violence ,CRIMINALS ,VIOLENCE ,RACE ,GENDER ,RISK assessment ,CRIME victims ,SOCIOECONOMIC factors ,SOCIOECONOMIC status ,SOCIAL isolation ,INTIMATE partner violence ,SEX crimes ,SOCIAL classes ,ALCOHOL drinking ,INTERPERSONAL relations ,MEDLINE ,EDUCATIONAL attainment - Abstract
Attacks perpetrated using acid are a particular form of interpersonal violence, possibly one of the most heinous manifestations of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV). Acid attacks are mainly motivated by extramarital cheating, marital conflicts, women's rejection of marriage proposals, and sexual advances. As these attacks are not well understood from a psychological perspective, we conducted a systematic review, following Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, of 284 articles identified, 13 were eligible for inclusion. Three main focuses were identified: "Risk and vulnerability factors," "Consequences and implications," and "Interventions and treatments." Acid attacks seem to be more frequent in countries where social and economic development leads to greater tensions over traditional gender roles like Bangladesh, Pakistan, and India. Identified risk factors were young age, low socioeconomic status, low educational attainment, ethnicity, unemployment status of the victim, alcohol, and drug use of the perpetrator. Among the main psychosocial consequences of acid attacks, isolation and social exclusion emerged. Additionally, the paper will discuss the role of mental health consequences and specific treatments from psychological, clinical, and medical-legal points of view. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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13. Life Cycle Assessment and Circular Building Design in South Asian Countries: A Review of the Current State of the Art and Research Potentials.
- Author
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Talpur, Bushra Danish, Liuzzi, Stefania, Rubino, Chiara, Cannavale, Alessandro, and Martellotta, Francesco
- Subjects
PRODUCT life cycle assessment ,BUILDING design & construction ,ENVIRONMENTAL impact analysis ,CIRCULAR economy ,SUSTAINABLE buildings - Abstract
A literature survey was proposed, aiming at summarizing the state of the art and, consequently, the research potential, in the increasingly popular field of circular economy, specifically applied to the construction industry in South Asian countries (Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh). In particular, the role of a life cycle assessment (LCA) to support the circular building design concept in construction projects was investigated. This review organized 71 published papers that examined environmental building assessments, certifications for sustainable buildings, the awareness of sustainable buildings, and recent advancements in this field between 2005 and 2022. The review pointed out that half of the LCA studies used the cradle-to-grave LCA methodology for environmental impact assessment, while the other half used the cradle-to-cradle LCA methodology. Regardless of the recent research, the literature still lacks the cradle-to-cradle implementation of the LCA methodology in selected countries which is essential for implementing truly circular building strategies. Moreover, the literature showed a lack of interest and awareness among all stakeholders in the construction of environmentally friendly buildings. The main barrier to carry out LCA for building performance is the unavailability of a regional database, which was pointed out in the literature, as well as the criteria for certification that are not available or do not comply with the standards of the specific contexts of Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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14. Sacrifice, suffering and hope: education, aspiration and young people's affective orientations to the future.
- Author
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Froerer, Peggy, Ansell, Nicola, and Huijsmans, Roy
- Subjects
SACRIFICE ,YOUTHS' attitudes ,ETHNOLOGY - Abstract
In this editorial introduction to the Special Theme, Sacrifice, Suffering and Hope: Education, Aspiration and Young People's Affective Orientations to the Future, we discuss the key theoretical themes (aspiration, sacrifice and affect) that underpin the papers in this collection. With geographical focus on India, Indonesia, Kenya and Bangladesh, our aim is to contribute a more ethnographically-grounded understanding of the affective orientations that emerge or become visible in the context of young people's educational experiences, and that shape and give meaning to processes of aspiration formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
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15. Comparative Review of Energy, Crude Oil, and Natural Gas for Exchange Markets in Nigeria, India and Bangladesh.
- Author
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Amuda, Yusuff Jelili, Hassan, Shafiqul, and Subramaniam, Umashankar
- Subjects
PETROLEUM ,NATURAL gas ,FOREIGN exchange market ,NATURAL gas reserves - Abstract
In 2021, there was a global energy crisis that affected different parts of the world. In most countries, energy heavily relies on natural gas, including Nigeria, India, and Bangladesh. Several studies have explored the differences in the energy of crude oil and natural gas. Nonetheless, little effort has been made toward exploring the exportation of energy for exchange markets in Nigeria, India, and Bangladesh. This paper primarily aims at comparatively exploring the energy of crude oil and natural gas for exchange markets in the aforementioned countries. The methodology used in this paper is qualitative content analysis (QCA) and a systematical literature review (SLR) which includes various sources such as journals, the core collection of the Web of Science (WOS), oil peer review resources, and library sources. The study systematically mapped out different bibliographic materials whereby the visualization of similarities (VOS) was used to explore exchange markets for energy, crude oil, and gas in Nigeria, India, and Bangladesh. The results of the analysis indicated that, in Africa, Nigeria is regarded as the largest producer of natural gas and crude oil, with an approximation of 1.2 million barrels per day. Concerning oil and gas reserves, the country is considered the 10th and 8th largest producer in the world, having 37 billion barrels and roughly 206 trillion cubic feet, respectively. Thus, the exportation of energy is considered a central pillar of the country's economy. In addition, India is regarded as the second largest producer of crude oil with 4.972 million barrels per day, which is approximately 5.1% of the entire world's capacity for refining crude oil. Similarly, at the global level, India is considered the topmost consumer of crude oil, accounting for 4.8% of the world's consumption. In the context of Bangladesh, their gas reserves account for 39.4 trillion cubic feet, and they are considered to be 70% of the commercial energy supply in the country. In conclusion, the importance of energy, crude oil, and natural gas cannot be underestimated, specifically, for the exchange import markets in the current context of the aforementioned countries. It is, therefore, suggested that the governments of Nigeria, India, and Bangladesh should strengthen their national policies on energy in order to be responsive to the global energy crisis as well as boost the exchange market in the energy sector. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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16. Access to assistive technology for persons with disabilities: a critical review from Nepal, India and Bangladesh.
- Author
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Karki, Jiban, Rushton, Simon, Bhattarai, Sunita, and De Witte, Luc
- Subjects
RESEARCH ,HEALTH services accessibility ,RESEARCH methodology ,INTERVIEWING ,QUALITATIVE research ,ASSISTIVE technology ,MEDICAL care for people with disabilities ,RESEARCH funding - Abstract
The purpose of this paper is to analyse and critically reflect on access to Assistive Technology (AT) for persons with disabilities (PWD) in Nepal, India and Bangladesh. This analysis aims to guide the development of a contextualised generic AT service delivery model suitable for these countries, based on the best practices identified. This paper is based on a comprehensive study conducted in Nepal, India and Bangladesh, observing mobility and hearing-related AT service delivery centres run by the government, as well as private and nongovernmental organisations, and interviews with key informants: policymakers (5), AT service providers (20) and AT service users (20) between December 2019 to February 2020. A descriptive, qualitative exploratory study design was followed. A quality assessment framework was used to structure the analysis and interpret the findings. AT service provisions are poorly developed in all three countries. On all quality indicators assessed, the systems show major weaknesses. AT users have very limited awareness about their rights to these services and the availability of AT services, the range of services available is very limited, and eligibility is dependent on medical criteria related to visible and severe disabilities. Lack of accessibility, eligibility, reachability and affordability are the main barriers to access AT services for PWD in Nepal, India and Bangladesh. Increased community level awareness, increased Government funding and a community based, medically informed flexible social model of AT services is a way forward to ensure access to AT services for PWD in these countries. Increased community awareness is necessary to increase access to Assistive Technology Services for Persons with Disabilities. Increased and flexible funding from the Government and philanthropists will improve rehabilitation. Establishment of community based Assistive Technology Services centres will increase access and improve rehabilitation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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17. Rhizomatic poverty in aquaculture communities of rural India & Bangladesh.
- Author
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Shubin, Sergei, Andrews, Will, and Sowgat, Tanjil
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RURAL poor ,POVERTY ,AQUACULTURE ,POVERTY reduction ,CRITICAL analysis - Abstract
Copyright of Social & Cultural Geography is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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18. Primacy and efficacy of preamble propositions in India and Bangladesh.
- Author
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Habib, A. Z. M. Arman
- Subjects
PREAMBLES (Law) ,CONSTITUTIONAL law ,STATUTORY interpretation ,COMPARATIVE studies - Abstract
Purpose This paper aims to examine the legal position and utility of preamble and also to determine what role has been played by Preambles in new trends in Bangladesh and Indian Constitutional Law.Design/methodology/approach The research methodology undertaken in this project is analytical method of research and comparative research.Findings In this paper, the first legal and academic dispute and a matter of arguments and discussions that whether preamble should be treated as a part of constitution is discussed. Also, this paper tries to examine the matter of interpretational value of preamble, i.e. role of preamble in interpretation of constitution vis-à-vis of statutes. Finally, this paper examines in particular the details of preambles of two countries that have played a prominent part in the development of Constitutionalism in India and Bangladesh.Originality/value This research work is based on both primary and secondary data. The main sources of this study include like textbooks, journal articles, some important daily newspapers, online documents and some publications. The study has also relied on decided cases of Apex Court of Bangladesh and the Subcontinent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
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19. A study on FDI in India, Bangladesh and USA: A comparative analysis.
- Author
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Kaur, Amrit, Saluja, Aparna, Verma, Poonam, Kaur, Ravneet, and Sharma, Amit
- Subjects
DEVELOPING countries ,FOREIGN investments ,COVID-19 pandemic ,COMPARATIVE studies ,GOVERNMENT policy - Abstract
Foreign direct investment (FDI) is a powerful economic growth tool, particularly in today's global environment. The host nations try their best to create an appealing and advantageous investment climate for international investors in order to attract FDI inflows. Both developing countries i.e. India, Bangladesh and even developed economy like USA have dependency on FDI. All these three Bangladesh, USA and India have made significant efforts in recent years to attract FDI, offering a variety of lucrative incentives and benefits. Due to this covid pandemic there was some reduction in the trends of FDI inflows but eventually it again resumed momentum due to policies of the government. In this research paper we have tried to do the comparison between FDI inflows between these three countries and even tried to do the prediction for next 2 years. Statistical tools like Mean, Standard Deviation and CAGR have been used for this research paper. This paper also included the data of FDI inflows into these three countries for 6 years, top 10 countries' share in FDI inflows of these countries and some general comparison is also being done. This paper revealed that Mauritius is the top investor in India whereas in Bangladesh its China and in USA, its Japan. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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20. A Partition of The Public Sphere: Violence, State Repression and the Press in India and Pakistan, 1947–1949.
- Author
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Majumdar, Aritra
- Subjects
POLITICAL persecution ,PUBLIC sphere ,ADMINISTRATION of British colonies ,PRESS ,VIOLENCE ,PUBLIC opinion ,GREEN movement - Abstract
Historians of Partition have focused upon the bitterly polarized yet vibrant public sphere of the last days of the British Raj, wherein newspapers representing Congress, Muslim League and Akali opinion vied for influence through increasingly hostile propaganda targeted at the 'other/s'. Such studies' focus on ideological battles and propaganda results in relatively less attention being given to what became of these papers once the British departed and the parties these papers espoused or opposed captured power. This paper will seek to revisit such assumptions by analyzing the trials and tribulations of the significant newspaper houses unfortunate enough to be located on the geographical frontlines of Partition and in major centres of communal conflagration. Through such analyses, I will seek to show that it was a combination of initial mob action, reinforced often by state repression and even popular reproach, that forced newspapers viewed as belonging to the 'other' party to move to safer (and greener) pastures. In the process, late-colonial India's once pluralist public sphere came to be partitioned into sections that broadly conformed to the ideologies that the respective Dominions' new rulers espoused. While aligning newspapers with the majoritarian public opinion, this Partition occasioned shifts of personnel and presses that would fundamentally alter the postcolonial press industry in West and East Pakistan, and to a lesser extent, in India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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21. First record of the termite species Nasutitermes profuscipennis Akhtar (Blattodea: Isoptera) from India.
- Author
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Das, Khirod Sankar, Kharthangmaw, Joycy Mary, Nonglait, K. Chanreila L., Marwein, Cynthia Bansara, and Choudhury, Sudipta
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HUMAN settlements ,SPECIES ,LEAF area - Abstract
Nasutitermes profuscipennis Akhtar is an Oriental nasutiform termite. The species was first described from Bangladesh and later reported from Thailand. In this paper, we report the species for the first time from India. During the study, samples were collected from human settlement and Indian bay leaf plantation areas of Nongkhrah, Nongpoh area of Ri-Bhoi district of Meghalaya, India. The morphological characters of both the soldier and worker castes of N. profuscipennis are presented in this article along with a note on its geographical distribution. An updated list of species of the genus Nasutitermes is also provided here from India. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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22. Reviews of Literature on Accreditation and Quality Assurance
- Author
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Emmanuelle, Guernon
- Abstract
This paper presents a comprehensive review of existing literature concerning the domains of accreditation and quality assurance in various sectors. Accreditation and quality assurance play vital roles in ensuring the credibility, transparency, and effectiveness of educational institutions, healthcare facilities, industries, and other domains. This paper synthesizes the findings of numerous studies, focusing on the conceptual frameworks, methodologies, and outcomes associated with accreditation and quality assurance processes. The review encompasses a wide range of perspectives, including historical context, best practices, challenges, and advancements in accreditation and quality assurance. Through a systematic analysis of these scholarly works, this paper aims to provide a deeper understanding of the evolving landscape of accreditation and quality assurance across diverse sectors and shed light on potential future research directions.
- Published
- 2023
23. Coping practices and gender relations: Rohingya refugee forced migrations from Myanmar to India.
- Author
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Field, Jessica, Pandit, Aishwarya, and Rajdev, Minakshi
- Subjects
ROHINGYA (Burmese people) ,GENDER role ,SOCIAL norms ,REFUGEES ,VIOLENCE against women ,GENDER - Abstract
Rohingya experiences of displacement and refuge are heavily gendered. Sexual and gender-based violence have been used as weapons against Rohingya women, men, girls and boys in Myanmar for decades. Trafficking and exploitation are rife on the flight out of the country, and host states such as India present their own gendered challenges to family survival and individual coping. In this paper, we examine how some of those violent and disruptive experiences have affected gender roles for individuals and families as they have fled Myanmar (often more than once) and sought refuge in India via Bangladesh. We present new insight into the dynamic subjectivity of Rohingya women as we show how, contrary to dominant depictions of passive victimhood, many have lead family migration across borders, taken up NGO/community leadership roles, or made the best 'home' possible within the limitations of the host context. This is because personal and family agency is sensitive to transitional opportunities and threats—i.e., gender norms of home and host contexts, interactions with host communities, and trust relations with NGOs, to name a few. Crucially, these social practices and experiences are not static or linear; they span generations and sprawling geographies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
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24. Dynamism of Culture, Poverty and Development: India and Bangladesh Experience.
- Author
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ISLAM, M. Rezaul, MUNIANDY, Rajantheran, and KANDASAMY, Silllalee S.
- Subjects
POVERTY ,CULTURE ,SOCIAL marginality - Abstract
This paper looks at the dynamism of culture, poverty and development between two countries: India and Bangladesh. There is evidence that poverty is related with culture and this synergy is related with development and vice-versa. This evidence is much more unified within these two countries. A Qualitative Interpretative Meta-Synthesis (QIMS) was conducted to analyze the current literature on the dynamism of culture, poverty and development. Results showed that culture, poverty and development are interning each other, and this interning is a factual in India and Bangladesh. The paper clearly shows that due to the cultural backwardness in India and Bangladesh, many people could not come out from the poverty line. As a result, the achievement of the development indicators in both countries is still slow. This paper argues that culture in all its multiple forms is essential to address the poverty as well as development. The fi ndings of the paper would be important guideline to the development practitioners, NGO workers and development policy makers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
25. The tale of two countries: modeling the effects of COVID-19 on shopping behavior in Bangladesh and India.
- Author
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Zannat, Khatun E., Bhaduri, Eeshan, Goswami, Arkopal K, and Choudhury, Charisma F
- Subjects
COVID-19 ,SHOPPING ,DISCRETE choice models - Abstract
This paper explores the impact of COVID-19 on shopping behavior in two neighboring developing economies: Bangladesh and India. While the previous studies investigating the impact of COVID-19 on shopping behavior have relied on Revealed Preference (RP) data, this paper combines RP and Stated Preference (SP) data to develop joint RP-SP discrete choice models. This makes it possible to quantify the relative impact of the situational contexts on the choice of shopping modes of households and to capture the associated heterogeneity arising from the characteristics of the households. Further, comparison of the data and the estimated model parameters of the two countries with substantial socio-cultural similarities provide insights about how differences in the state of e-commerce can lead to different levels of inertia in continuing the pre-COVID behavior. The results will be useful to planners and policymakers for predicting the shopping modes in different future scenarios and formulating effective restriction measures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
26. Processes of assistive technology service delivery in Bangladesh, India and Nepal: a critical reflection.
- Author
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Karki, Jiban, Rushton, Simon, Bhattarai, Sunita, Norman, Gift, Rakhshanda, Shagoofa, and De Witte, Prof Luc
- Subjects
RESEARCH ,HUMAN rights ,RESEARCH methodology ,MEDICAL care ,INTERVIEWING ,QUALITATIVE research ,ASSISTIVE technology centers ,RESEARCH funding ,PEOPLE with disabilities ,CONTENT analysis ,THEMATIC analysis ,POLICY sciences - Abstract
This paper critically reviews and reflects on the processes for providing Assistive Technology (AT) services to Persons with Disabilities (PWD) in Bangladesh, India and Nepal. The aim is to investigate the AT service delivery systems in these countries and suggest improvements where weaknesses are identified. We carried out a descriptive qualitative exploratory study in Bangladesh, India and Nepal by conducting key informant interviews with policymakers (5), AT service providers (22) and mobility and hearing related AT service users (21). We used a directed content analysis approach guided by a seven-point AT service delivery process model to thematically analyse the existing processes for AT service delivery, from first contact through to follow-up and maintenance. AT service delivery processes are sub-optimal in all three countries, and improvements are needed. No common AT service delivery process was found, although there are common features. In general, it is easier for PWDs in India and Nepal to access AT than for those in Bangladesh, but all three countries are failing to live up to their commitments to uphold the human rights of PWDs. Although good elements of AT service delivery processes can be identified, the systems in all three countries are fragmented and generally weak. A more holistic approach of looking at the process of AT service delivery, from first contact right through to follow-up and device maintenance, with a single door service delivery system, free of cost at the point of service is recommended in these countries. Although we found significant weaknesses in AT delivery in all three countries, there are some good AT service delivery practices and opportunities for these countries to learn from one another. A systematic and stepwise approach to assessing current AT service delivery processes in the three countries – examining the delivery system as a whole, from initiation to repair and management – can help identify opportunities to improve the process for (prospective) AT users. A more coherent single door system of AT service delivery will increase the quality and efficiency of the fragmented AT service delivery practices in Bangladesh, India and Nepal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
27. Theorizing the Adivasi's absence in partition histories: indigenes, refugees, and the settler state in Dandakaranya forest.
- Author
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Dube, Pankhuree R.
- Subjects
FOREST reserves ,CASTE ,REFUGEE resettlement ,REFUGEES ,COLONIAL administration ,INDIGENOUS peoples - Abstract
This research article examines the contest between indigenous forest-dwelling communities and settler colonial policy in post-Partition central India. According to official estimates, from 1961–71 the population of indigenous communities declined by nearly 50% in Dandakaranya within central India even as overall the population grew by a large margin during the same period. Despite perceptions of India as a post-colony committed to decolonization, this article examines how this state project, one of the earliest acts of governmentality, was deeply implicated in a settler colonial logic of elimination. Following the mass migration of Partition refugees in 1947 across newly demarcated borders, the Indian government earmarked Dandakaranya Forest as the site of a refugee resettlement project for lower-caste Partition refugees from East Bengal (now Bangladesh). Drawing on Lorenzo Veracini's notion of 'probationary settlers' as exogenous others without prior claims to land, refugees are understood within this argument as probationary settlers reliant on the state for their survival. Rather than narrating the biography of the state through its various experts and institutions, this paper foregrounds the perspective of the marginalized on their environment: displaced forest-dwelling indigenous communities and lower-caste (Dalit) refugees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2024
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. Tobacco use in people with severe mental illness: Findings from a multi-country survey of mental health institutions in South Asia.
- Author
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Rajan, Sukanya, Mitchell, Alex, Zavala, Gerardo A., Podmore, Danielle, Khali, Humaira, Chowdhury, Asiful H., Muliyala, Krishna Prasad, Appuhamy, Koralagamage Kavindu, Aslam, Faiza, Nizami, Asad T., Huque, Rumana, Shiers, David, Murthy, Pratima, Siddiqi, Najma, and Siddiqi, Kamran
- Subjects
RESPIRATORY disease risk factors ,CARDIOVASCULAR diseases risk factors ,MIDDLE-income countries ,CONFIDENCE intervals ,SMOKING cessation ,CROSS-sectional method ,DISEASE incidence ,SURVEYS ,RISK assessment ,LOW-income countries ,DESCRIPTIVE statistics ,MENTAL depression ,RESEARCH funding ,SMOKING ,TOBACCO products ,ODDS ratio ,ANXIETY ,MENTAL illness ,PSYCHOSOCIAL factors - Abstract
INTRODUCTION People with severe mental illness (SMI) tend to die early due to cardiovascular and respiratory diseases, which may be linked to tobacco use. There is limited information on tobacco use in people with SMI in low- and middle-income countries where most tobacco users reside. We present novel data on tobacco use in people with SMI and their access to tobacco cessation advice in South Asia. METHODS We conducted a multi-country survey of adults with SMI attending mental health facilities in Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan. Using data collected with a standardized WHO STEPS survey tool, we estimated the prevalence and distribution of tobacco use and assessed receipt of tobacco cessation advice. RESULTS We recruited 3874 participants with SMI; 46.8% and 15.0% of men and women consumed tobacco, respectively. Smoking prevalence in men varied by country (Bangladesh 42.8%, India 20.1% and Pakistan 31.7%); <4% of women reported smoking in each country. Smokeless tobacco use in men also varied by country (Bangladesh 16.2%, India 18.2% and Pakistan 40.8%); for women, it was higher in Bangladesh (19.1%), but similar in India (9.9%) and Pakistan (9.1%). Just over a third of tobacco users (38.4%) had received advice to quit tobacco. Among smokers, 29.1% (n=244) made at least one quit attempt in the past year. There was strong evidence for the association between tobacco use and the severity of depression (OR=1.29; 95% CI: 1.12-1.48) and anxiety (OR=1.29; 95% CI: 1.12-1.49). CONCLUSIONS As observed in high-income countries, we found higher tobacco use in people with SMI, particularly in men compared with rates reported for the general population in South Asia. Tobacco cessation support within mental health services offers an opportunity to close the gap in life expectancy between SMI and the general population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
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29. Awareness, media, and mitigation actions for climate change: a study among the students of higher education in Tripura.
- Author
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Upadhyaya, Deepak, Puthiyakath, Hashim Hamza, Kalai, Sunil, and Goswami, Manash P
- Subjects
CLIMATE change mitigation ,CLIMATE change ,HIGHER education ,SMALL states ,LIBRARY media specialists ,AWARENESS ,GLOBAL warming - Abstract
Scientific research has revealed that global warming is getting irreversible with the passage of time and it is largely a human-induced phenomenon. India is one of the top three emitters of carbon dioxide in the world. However, the general public in India is unaware of what actually causes anthropogenic (human-induced) climate change. This study is undertaken to assess the level of climate change awareness and willingness to adopt mitigation actions by the students (N = 657) of higher education in Tripura, a small state in North East India, bordering Bangladesh on three sides. In addition, the study also attempts to draw whether there exist any correlations between the level of media usage with the level of climate change awareness and the level of climate change awareness with the level of willingness to adopt climate change mitigation actions. The results show that students of higher education in Tripura have a high level of climate change awareness, and the primary sources for climate change-related information are the Internet, TV, and newspapers. The scientists were the most trusted sources of climate change-related information followed by the mass media. The findings also establish that the students are willing to adopt climate change mitigation actions, even if it costs them something extra. The students who are willing (7.6%) and extremely willing (65.4%) to embrace climate change mitigation actions constituted more than 70% of the total respondents of the survey. The paper concludes that the level of willingness to adopt climate change mitigation actions was found to be significantly correlated with the level of awareness of the consequences of climate change when media are key actors in the dissemination of information; however, the level of understanding about solutions for climate change is not correlated with the level of awareness about the causes of climate change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Process of developing models of maternal nutrition interventions integrated into antenatal care services in Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia and India.
- Author
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Sanghvi, Tina, Nguyen, Phuong Hong, Ghosh, Sebanti, Zafimanjaka, Maurice, Walissa, Tamirat, Karama, Robert, Mahmud, Zeba, Tharaney, Manisha, Escobar‐Alegria, Jessica, Dhuse, Elana Landes, and Kim, Sunny S.
- Subjects
MATERNAL health services ,NUTRITION counseling ,WEIGHT gain ,THEORY ,RESEARCH funding ,PRENATAL care ,NUTRITION services - Abstract
Integrating nutrition interventions into antenatal care (ANC) requires adapting global recommendations to fit existing health systems and local contexts, but the evidence is limited on the process of tailoring nutrition interventions for health programmes. We developed and integrated maternal nutrition interventions into ANC programmes in Bangladesh, Burkina Faso, Ethiopia and India by conducting studies and assessments, developing new tools and processes and field testing integrated programme models. This paper elucidates how we used information and data to contextualize a package of globally recommended maternal nutrition interventions (micronutrient supplementation, weight gain monitoring, dietary counselling and counselling on breastfeeding) and describes four country‐specific health service delivery models. We developed a Theory of Change to illustrate common barriers and strategies for strengthening nutrition interventions during ANC. We used multiple information sources including situational assessments, formative research, piloting and pretesting results, supply assessments, stakeholder meetings, household and service provider surveys and monitoring data to design models of maternal nutrition interventions. We developed detailed protocols for implementing maternal nutrition interventions; reinforced staff capacity, nutrition counselling, monitoring systems and community engagement processes; and addressed micronutrient supplement supply bottlenecks. Community‐level activities were essential for complementing facility‐based services. Routine monitoring data, rapid assessments and information from intensified supervision were important during the early stages of implementation to improve the feasibility and scalability of models. The lessons from addressing maternal nutrition in ANC may serve as a guide for tackling missed opportunities for nutrition within health services in other contexts. Key messages: Integrating evidence‐based nutrition interventions into ANC to reach PW at scale is urgently needed for improving maternal and newborn health and nutrition.The Theory of Change and steps for strengthening nutrition interventions based on four‐country experiences provide practical guidance on addressing missed opportunities for nutrition in ANC.Strategic use of data can contextualize global maternal nutrition guidelines, protocols, capacity building and supervision approaches, and improve micronutrient supply chains and record‐keeping as part of health services strengthening.Engaging family and community members to support PW and improving the knowledge and self‐confidence of PW are important elements of all country programme models. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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31. Fragmented tribes of the India-Burma-Bangladesh borderlands: representation of the Zo (Kuki-Chin) people in colonial ethnography.
- Author
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Pau, Pum Khan and Mung, Thang Sian
- Subjects
TRIBES ,ETHNOLOGY ,COLONIES ,BORDERLANDS - Abstract
In the absence of pre-colonial written records, reconstruction of the history and identity of indigenous tribes has to depend on oral stories and the documentation of the 'other', while the former is subject to distortion, the latter is often glossed with vested interest. Taking the case of the indigenous tribes of the India-Burma-Bangladesh borderlands, this paper probes the representation of the Zo (Kuki-Chin) people in colonial ethnography, on one hand, and to what extent colonial knowledge was informed by 'investigative' or 'survey modality', which, in fact, was solely for administrative purpose, on the other. It argues that indigenous tribes of the India-Burma-Bangladesh borderlands were represented as completely fragmented in colonial ethnography, however, behind the colonial policy of classification one can still unearth the ethnic commonality of the various tribes when they are seen through the lens of cultural similarity or as a 'culture area.' [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
32. Making Walls, Fencing Borders and Living on the Margin: Understanding the India-Bangladesh Border.
- Author
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Riaz, Ali
- Subjects
BORDER barriers ,GEOGRAPHIC boundaries ,BORDERLANDS ,STATE power ,NINETEENTH century ,PUBLIC demonstrations - Abstract
Emergence of nation states in the nineteenth century naturalized borders and boundaries as both inclusionary and exclusionary measures. Territorial integrity was viewed as the most tangible expression of the sovereignty of a nation-state, thus confirming a state's monopolistic jurisdiction over a particular territorial unit. Since then a clearly defined and enforceable boundary has remained at the heart of the existence of the nation-state, the goal of which is to accentuate territorialist consciousness. In the past decades walls and fences have continued to be erected between nation states. Against this background, this paper examines broader questions such as: why do nation states feel the necessity to erect these walls and fences? How these walls and new modes of surveillance impact the lives of the people who live on the border regions? The paper examines these questions, specifically looking at the ongoing fencing of the India-Bangladesh border. The border fencing project of India had its origin in the violent protest and anti-Bengali pogrom in Assam in the 1980s, but the physical construction began in 1989. The project was initially opposed by Bangladesh, but in recent years Bangladesh government has embraced the idea. In this paper, the fencing is discussed within the broader question of border and how fencing has become the material and symbolic manifestations of state power. The examination of Indian official narrative of the Indian government shows that the issue has been securitized and blended with growing xenophobic discourse in Indian politics. The paper also explores the lived experience of those who lives in the border areas. For them borders become doubly exclusionary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2018
33. Thailand as a New International Higher Education Hub: Major Challenges and Opportunities, a Policy Analysis
- Author
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Pongsin, Viseshiri, Lawthong, Nuttaporn, Fry, Gerald W., Ransom, Lakeesha, Kim, Seongdok, and Thi My, Ngoc Nguyen
- Abstract
The major analytical research question addressed in this paper is: What are Thailand's strengths and weaknesses as an international education hub for students from the Asian region? The key descriptive research question is: What is the nature of the educational experience of Asian students in Thailand? The two major research methodologies of the study are mixed research methods and comparative case studies, with the use of in-depth interviews of influential experts, surveys, and an autoethnography. In terms of major findings, there has been a dramatic growth of Asian students at Thai universities during the past two decades. Thailand's major advantages relate to low costs, location, quality campus facilities, and a welcoming attitude toward outsiders, while major disadvantages are the quality of many of Thailand's international programs often related to low English language capabilities. The paper concludes by presenting a creative new architecture for thinking about Asian study abroad in Thailand.
- Published
- 2023
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34. Noise Control of a Domestic Refrigerator Using a Natural Material Based Composite.
- Author
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Mohanty, A. R. and Fatima, S.
- Subjects
NOISE control ,REFRIGERATORS ,NOISE barriers ,COMPOSITE materials ,SOUND pressure measurement - Abstract
This paper studies the acoustics of a frost free three door domestic refrigerator. Then, as a case study, the radiated noise reduction in the refrigerator using a natural material base composite is presented. Composites manufactured out of Jute, which is a plant fiber abundantly and cheaply available in India and Bangladesh are used in the noise reduction in the refrigerator. Mostly in this work, composites made out of felts of jute were used as barriers for noise control of the refrigerator. Measured acoustical, thermal and physical properties of various jute composites are reported. Noise sources in the refrigerator were characterized using sound intensity method and sound pressure level measurements. It is found that the compressor and the evaporator fan are the predominant noise sources. The jute composite treatment done to the refrigerator shell around the evaporator fan reduced the refrigerator noise level by 5 dB and improved its measured sound quality metrics without affecting the cooling performance of the refrigerator. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
- Full Text
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35. Flexible land: The state and its citizens' negotiation over land ownership.
- Author
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Ferdoush, Md Azmeary
- Subjects
LAND tenure ,CITIZENS ,HOME ownership - Abstract
• This paper examines land formalization in the former enclaves of India inside Bangladesh. • Drawing on ethnographic research methods, it sheds light on the ambiguities of land ownership and negotiations. • It offers a lens of flexible land to comprehend such ambiguities. • It argues that attention must be paid to legibility, sovereignty, and negotiation in a post-colonial context. The former enclaves of Bangladesh and India existed as de facto stateless spaces for almost seventy years before they were exchanged and merged with the host state territories in 2015. Because of their extra-territorial existence, land ownership and transactions remained effectively a local affair in the enclaves. After the exchange, however, enclaves became regular parts of the state territory, and the host state officially recognized private ownership of enclave land. Drawing on fourteen months of ethnographic research in India's ex-enclaves inside Bangladesh, in this paper, I shed light on the complex and multi-layered process of land formalization. As such, I offer a lens of flexible land to comprehend how the state and the citizens employ numerous resources and tactics in claiming and formalizing land that becomes the simultaneous reasons and results of its flexibility. In so doing, I argue that the key to our understanding of flexible land lies in an attentive reading of legibility, sovereignty, and negotiation in a post-colonial context, especially in South Asia. Thus, flexible land becomes an innovative lens, explained and developed throughout this paper, to address how flexibility functions as an embodiment of land formalization for the citizens and the state in the former enclaves of India inside Bangladesh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
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36. Understanding the Foremost Challenges in the Transition to Online Teaching and Learning during COVID-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Literature Review
- Author
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Hamad, Wahid Bakar
- Abstract
The study aims to understand the foremost challenges in the transition to online teaching and learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. The study adopts the PRISMA approach to screening the selection of journal articles and review papers according to the research aims and the inclusion criteria. The journal articles and review papers were extracted and stored in Microsoft Excel and Google Scholar, Academic. Microsoft, Semantic Scholar, Elsevier, and Emerald Insight databases searched relevant documents using formulated keywords. A statistical technique was applied using the M.S. Excel analysis tool (PivotTable and an independent t-Test) to analyze data and determine the differences between teachers and students. The review revealed the evidence that the majority of the studies were primarily focused on the individual developing countries and results from other developing countries were not considered. In addition, the foremost challenges in the transition to online teaching and learning during the COVID-19 pandemic were inadequate skills and training, inadequate Internet/Infrastructure, lack of supporting resources and lack of online student engagement and feedback. Finally, the independent t-test reveals there is no statistically significant difference in challenges in the transition to online teaching and learning during the COVID-19 pandemic. Both teachers and students encounter similar challenges. The systematic review raised concerns that higher learning needs to effectively implement long term strategies and support teachers and students in getting into online teaching and learning.
- Published
- 2022
37. Towards the Next Epoch of Education. BCES Conference Books, Volume 20
- Author
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Bulgarian Comparative Education Society (BCES), Popov, Nikolay, Wolhuter, Charl, de Beer, Louw, Hilton, Gillian, Ogunleye, James, Achinewhu-Nworgu, Elizabeth, Niemczyk, Ewelina, Popov, Nikolay, Wolhuter, Charl, de Beer, Louw, Hilton, Gillian, Ogunleye, James, Achinewhu-Nworgu, Elizabeth, Niemczyk, Ewelina, and Bulgarian Comparative Education Society (BCES)
- Abstract
This volume contains selected papers submitted to the 20th Jubilee Annual International Conference of the Bulgarian Comparative Education Society (BCES), conducted virtually in June 2022. The 20th BCES Conference theme is "Towards the Next Epoch of Education." The theme is focused on problems, discussions, changes, solutions, and challenges that have recently happened, and as well on various opportunities, prospects, and advantages that have been made available to all actors in the educational systems around the world--students, parents, teachers, administrators, psychologists, principals, faculty members, researchers, and policy makers at municipal, regional, and national level. The book includes 33 papers and starts with an introductory piece authored by Charl Wolhuter. The other 32 papers are divided into 6 parts representing the BCES Conference thematic sections: (1) Comparative and International Education & History of Education; (2) International Education Issues; (3) School Education: Policies, Innovations, Practices & Entrepreneurship; (4) Higher Education & Teacher Education and Training; (5) Law and Education; and (6) Research Education & Research Practice. [Individual papers are indexed in ERIC. This content is provided in the format of an e-book.]
- Published
- 2022
38. Symbolic spaces: Nationalism and compromise in the former border enclaves of Bangladesh and India.
- Author
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Ferdoush, Md. Azmeary
- Subjects
NATIONALISM ,GEOGRAPHIC boundaries - Abstract
Bangladesh and India exchanged all of their 162 border enclaves in 2015 after 70 years of protracted negotiations. This paper offers an explanation as to why these enclaves were exchanged and why it took so long for the exchange to be executed. In so doing, I offer the concept of "symbolic spaces" to demonstrate that in postcolonial South Asia, enclaves gained oversized significance in nationalistic and territorial discourses. Such elevated significance effectively turned them into symbols of nationalism and territoriality, which played the major role in both their existence and their exchange. In explaining the exchange, I also contend that, although rare, states may exchange territories if it serves significant geopolitical and geo‐economic interests for the parties involved and if the exchange can be portrayed as a victory for the nation. This paper explains why the border enclaves of India and Bangladesh were exchanged. In so doing, it argues that these were symbolic spaces that overpassed their significance in the nationalistic discourses of these two states. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
39. Adaptive UNet-based Lung Segmentation and Ensemble Learning with CNN-based Deep Features for Automated COVID-19 Diagnosis.
- Author
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Das, Anupam
- Subjects
DEEP learning ,BOOSTING algorithms ,COVID-19 testing ,COVID-19 pandemic ,FEATURE extraction ,LUNGS - Abstract
COVID-19 disease is a major health calamity in twentieth century, in which the infection is spreading at the global level. Developing countries like Bangladesh, India, and others are still facing a delay in recognizing COVID-19 cases. Hence, there is a need for immediate recognition with perfect identification of infection. This clear visualization helps to save the life of suspected COVID-19 patients. With the help of traditional RT-PCR testing, the combination of medical images and deep learning classifiers delivers more hopeful results with high accuracy in the prediction and recognition of COVID-19 cases. COVID-19 disease is recently researched through sample chest X-ray images, which have already proven its efficiency in lung diseases. To emphasize corona virus testing methods and to control the community spreading, the automatic detection process of COVID-19 is processed through the detailed medication reports from medical images. Although there are numerous challenges in the manual understanding of traces in COVID-19 infection from X-ray, the subtle differences among normal and infected X-rays can be traced by the data patterns of Convolutional Neural Network (CNN). To improve the detection performance of CNN, this paper plans to develop an Ensemble Learning with CNN-based Deep Features (EL-CNN-DF). In the initial phase, image scaling and median filtering perform the pre-processing of the chest X-ray images gathered from the benchmark source. The second phase is lung segmentation, which is the significant step for COVID detection. It is accomplished by the Adaptive Activation Function-based U-Net (AAF-U-Net). Once the lungs are segmented, it is subjected to novel EL-CNN-DF, in which the deep features are extracted from the pooling layer of CNN, and the fully connected layer of CNN are replaced with the three classifiers termed "Support Vector Machine (SVM), Autoencoder, Naive Bayes (NB)". The final detection of COVID-19 is done by these classifiers, in which high ranking strategy is utilized. As a modification, a Self Adaptive-Tunicate Swarm Algorithm (SA-TSA) is adopted as a boosting algorithm to enhance the performance of segmentation and detection. The overall analysis has shown that the precision of the enhanced CNN by using SA-TSA was 1.02%, 4.63%, 3.38%, 1.62%, 1.51% and 1.04% better than SVM, autoencoder, NB, Ensemble, RNN and LSTM respectively. The comparative performance analysis on existing model proves that the proposed algorithm is better than other algorithms in terms of segmentation and classification of COVID-19 detection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. CO2 emission, economic development, fossil fuel consumption and population density in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh: A panel investigation.
- Author
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Uzair Ali, Muhammad, Gong, Zhimin, Ali, Muhammad Ubaid, Asmi, Fahad, and Muhammad, Rizwanullah
- Subjects
KUZNETS curve ,ENERGY consumption ,FOSSIL fuels ,POPULATION density ,ECONOMIC development ,GRANGER causality test - Abstract
The adverse impacts of climate change have occupied central theme of many policy initiatives. This paper investigated the impact of economic development, fossil fuel consumptions and population density on CO2 in India, Pakistan and Bangladesh using annual data over the period 1971–2014. We have applied panel Autoregressive distributed lags model to estimate the long‐run dynamics and Vector error correction model specified Granger causality test for finding the causality direction. Using three multivariate equations model, the empirical outcome of our study has established key associations that have crucial policy implications. Firstly, the results of auto‐regressive distributed lags (ARDL) confirmed the environmental Kuznets curve hypothesis that the relationship between CO2 and economic development is U‐shaped. Moreover, fossil fuel consumption and population density have a positive impact on CO2 emission in the long run. VECM test evidence suggests that short‐run causalities from economic development to CO2, population density to CO2 and fossil fuel consumption to CO2 exist. Secondly, CO2 has a negative impact on economic development while the impacts of fossil fuel, FDI and total exports on economic development have been significantly positive in the long run. In short run, CO2, fossil fuel consumption and FDI Granger cause economic development. Lastly, CO2 emission negatively influences population density while economic development positively affects population density in long run. Moreover, short‐run causalities from economic development to population density and CO2 to population density exit. For policy drives, efficient and low carbon emission technologies should be used. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
41. Online Formative Assessment and Feedback Practices of ESL Teachers in India, Bangladesh and Nepal: A Multiple Case Study.
- Author
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Mahapatra, Santosh Kumar
- Subjects
ONLINE education ,FORMATIVE evaluation ,TEACHERS ,COLLEGE teachers ,OBSERVATION (Educational method) - Abstract
ESL/EFL teachers, especially those working in higher education, across the world were required to teach online after the spread on COVID-19. Many empirical studies have been conducted in the last 1 year to investigate various aspects of online teaching and learning of languages. However, online ESL teaching in South Asian contexts remains almost unexplored. This paper reports a multiple case study that aimed to bridge this gap and explore online formative assessment (FA) and feedback practices of three ESL teachers working in three universities in India, Bangladesh and Nepal. Data were collected through classroom observations, interviews and document analysis. The results indicate that all three teachers actively engaged their students in a variety of FA practices, although they did not use the obtained information from assessments properly and there remained many areas of improvement. Their feedback practices, which involved the integration of a few digital tools, were regular and student-friendly. The study is significant in that it is the first of its kind. Future researchers can conduct large scale studies to verify if the findings of the study are true for other university ESL teachers who are teaching online. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. Bilateral trade between India and Bangladesh: A general equilibrium approach.
- Author
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Sikdar, Chandrima, Ten Raa, Thijs, Mohnen, Pierre, and Chakraborty, Debesh
- Subjects
FREE trade ,BALANCE of trade ,COMMERCIAL policy - Abstract
India and Bangladesh have pursued policies of trade liberalization since the early 1990s. However, owing to the differential speeds of opening up, Bangladesh's bilateral trade deficit with India widened substantially over the years. This aggravated the economic and the political tensions between the economies. It has been held that promotion of free trade between the two economies may enhance the trade and hence economic cooperation between them. Against this backdrop the present paper proposes a theoretical framework that provides a general equilibrium determination of the commodity pattern of trade and hence locates the comparative advantages of the economies. The empirical implementation of the model considers trade in 25 sectors comparable in the input–output tables of the economies. The study isolates the gains from free trade accruing to either economy. The paper also explores the pattern of bilateral trade when each economy produces goods by utilizing their own as well as the other country's technology. The gains from this trading arrangement are also isolated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2006
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
43. School Evaluation for Quality Improvement. Meeting of the Asian Network of Training and Research Institutions in Educational Planning (ANTRIEP) (Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia, July 2-4, 2002)
- Author
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United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, Paris (France). International Inst. for Educational Planning., De Grauwe, Anton, Naidoo, Jordan P., De Grauwe, Anton, Naidoo, Jordan P., and United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organization, Paris (France). International Inst. for Educational Planning.
- Abstract
The papers brought together in this volume are a selection from among those presented at the seminar organized in Kuala Lumpur, in July 2002 by the Asian Network of Training and Research Institutions in Educational Planning (ANTRIEP). The network consists of institutions whose main mandate includes training and research in educational planning and management. Since its creation in 1995, it has covered a series of themes with an overarching objective to contribute to the definition of policies that have a beneficial impact on school improvement. ANTRIEP has therefore undertaken research or organized seminars on decentralization, school supervision, the role of head teachers and, in 2002, on school evaluation. The seminar and this report focus on policy reforms and practical steps that can be undertaken to strengthen the linkage between evaluation and school improvement. The report presents a mixture of conceptual papers, case studies and comparative analyzes, though drawing references not only to the Asian continent. Each of the three evaluation tools (examinations, inspection, and self-evaluation) was examined separately during the seminar, and different papers comment on their role. Specific attention goes to the need to integrate these tools into an evaluation framework. Some papers go beyond these tools and ask the question: What could be the contribution of the community in school evaluation and school governance? The report paints the contours of a school evaluation system, focused on improvement, empowerment, and accountability rather than on the latter alone. School self-evaluation stands at the heart of such a system. Examination and test results help school staff to identify their strengths and weaknesses while inspectors become the initiators of this self-evaluation process. The report also stresses, however, that there is not one ideal model that all countries should follow. The contexts differ, and an effective system is one that takes into account the limits and needs of each country. Papers presented in this report include: (1) Seminar Report: School Evaluation for Quality Improvement--Issues and Challenges (Anton De Grauwe and Jordan P. Naidoo); (2) A Review of School Evaluation Mechanisms in Bangladesh, Indonesia, Nepal, the Philippines and Malaysia (Jordan P. Naidoo); (3) School Self-Evaluation and External Inspection: A Complex Couple (Anton De Grauwe); (2) External School Inspections as a Form of School Evaluation in Malaysia (Dato' Abdul Rahim bin Tahir); (4) School-Based Evaluation: A Theoretical Approach (Eligio B. Barsaga); (5) Examinations and Test Systems at School Level in India: Their Impact on Institutional Quality Improvement (B.P. Khandelwal); (6) Teacher Performance Management as a Method of School Evaluation in Sri Lanka (Wilfred J. Perera); (7) Community Participation and School Governance: Diverse Perspectives and Emerging Issues (R. Govinda); and (8) Alternative Models in Reforming School Supervision (Anton De Grauwe and Gabriel Carron). An appendix provides additional information about the Asian Network of Training and Research Institutions in Educational Planning (ANTRIEP). (Contains 7 tables, 2 figures, and 2 boxes.)
- Published
- 2004
44. Assessment of Water Availability with SWAT Model: A Study on Ganga River.
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Bera, Suman and Maiti, Ramkrishna
- Subjects
WATER supply ,WATER shortages ,WATER distribution ,WATER-pipes ,WATER management ,SUPPLY & demand - Abstract
Availability of water flow for assessing in transboundary river basin is a crucial issue and is necessary for water sharing and management. As a Transboundary river, Ganga has created water conflict between India and Bangladesh, related to water sharing at Farakka. Under these circumstance, applying hydrological model SWAT, measurement and understanding of water availability is important. This paper examines the spatio-temporal distribution of surface water in the entire Ganga basin to understand the actual causes of water shortage during lean season. Based on DEM, slope, soil, LULC and weather data, the SWAT model has been run at the catchment scale with a good performance under R
2 and NSE evaluation methods. The study shows that annually Ganga basin of India is rich in water (average 1216165.5 cumec) and majority of the catchments delivers enough water to the main stream but during lean season only above Ramganga, Ghaghara, Gandak and Yamuna lower are active, which together contributes 60.6% of the lean season water discharge to the main channel of Ganga. Likewise, India, annual discharge in Bangladesh (average 65764 cumec) is satisfactory, but lean season water flow has only 3% of the annual, is very meagre which affects actual water availability of northwestern part of the country. The study also established that actual evapotranspiration of the entire basin is much higher than precipitation during the lean season and indicated a great deviation between supply and demand which concluded water stress condition in the Ganga basin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
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45. Jute and kenaf carrier bags: an eco-friendly alternative to plastic bags in India.
- Author
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Singh, Arvind Kumar, Aboo, Shamna, Goswami, Tinku, and Kar, Gouranga
- Subjects
KENAF ,PACKAGING materials ,LOW density polyethylene ,NATURAL fibers ,PLASTIC bags ,JUTE fiber - Abstract
Increasing demand for shopping and packaging carrier bags has given rise to various issues relating to its disposal as well as to the overall environmental footprint and sustainability of the packaging materials. This study assesses the carbon footprint and life cycle environmental impacts of the production, usage, and disposal of low density polyethylene (LDPE) and two natural fibre carrier bags (jute and kenaf). Life cycle assessment study was conducted of all inputs and outputs, aggregated in the form of resources used and environmental emissions, extending from the production of raw materials to the final disposal of the product. The carbon footprint and GHG emissions of jute and kenaf carrier bags were estimated using the CO
2 , N2 O, and CH4 emissions coefficients of inputs. Research literature from life cycle impact assessment (LCIA) results was used to determine the effects of LDPE polyethylene packaging material. It was observed that the global warming potential (GWP) for the production of 1 kg of LDPE (100 micron) carrier bag (39.4 kg CO2 eq) is more than 490 times higher than jute and kenaf carrier bags. In general, LDPE materials have the greatest impact on the carbon footprint and resource depletion. The LDPE material also has the highest impacts on indicators of terrestrial ecotoxicity, photochemical oxidation, acidification, and eutrophication as compared to jute and kenaf fibres. Since jute and kenaf are natural fibres, they sequester a substantial quantity of carbon during their agricultural stages. As a result, greenhouse gas (GHG) emission emissions of jute and kenaf were found to be negative. Popularising the use of jute and kenaf products as alternatives to plastic in industrialised countries would benefit the reduction of plastic waste and its negative environmental effects. Additional production of jute and kenaf fibre, which are already available in major bast fibre producing countries like India and Bangladesh, could meet the demand for fibre-based carrier bags. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2023
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46. New Challenges to Education: Lessons from around the World. BCES Conference Books, Volume 19
- Author
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Bulgarian Comparative Education Society (BCES), Popov, Nikolay, Wolhuter, Charl, de Beer, Louw, Hilton, Gillian, Ogunleye, James, Achinewhu-Nworgu, Elizabeth, Niemczyk, Ewelina, Popov, Nikolay, Wolhuter, Charl, de Beer, Louw, Hilton, Gillian, Ogunleye, James, Achinewhu-Nworgu, Elizabeth, Niemczyk, Ewelina, and Bulgarian Comparative Education Society (BCES)
- Abstract
This volume contains a collection of selected papers submitted to the 19th Annual International Conference of the Bulgarian Comparative Education Society (BCES) held in June 2021. The 19th BCES Conference theme is "New Challenges to Education: Lessons from around the World." The book includes 40 papers written by 66 authors from 15 countries. The volume starts with an introductory piece co-authored by Zoltán Rónay and Ewelina K Niemczyk. The other 39 papers are divided into 6 parts representing the thematic sections: (1) Comparative and International Education & History of Education; (2) International Organizations and Education; (3) School Education: Policies, Innovations, Practices & Entrepreneurship; (4) Higher Education & Teacher Education and Training; (5) Law and Education; and (6) Research Education & Research Practice. The papers included in this year's conference volume outline a variety of challenges all actors in the education process (students, teachers, administrators, policy decision makers) at all levels of the education systems have recently faced. Readers can find conceptual and empirical studies, quantitative and qualitative methods, descriptive and analytical approaches, and even pessimistic and optimistic authors' views. This volume presents how novel concepts, ironical definitions, and provoking considerations are born in difficult times, when restricted life meets unrestricted spirit. [Individual papers are indexed in ERIC.]
- Published
- 2021
47. Hydroxyurea and blood transfusion therapy for Sickle cell disease in South Asia: inconsistent treatment of a neglected disease.
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Darshana, Thamal, Rees, David, and Premawardhena, Anuja
- Subjects
BLOOD transfusion ,SICKLE cell anemia ,THERAPEUTICS ,HYDROXYUREA ,CELLULAR therapy ,FETOFETAL transfusion ,DRUG therapy for sickle cell anemia ,SYMPTOMS ,LONGITUDINAL method - Abstract
Background: Hydroxyurea and blood transfusion therapies remain the main therapeutic strategies for Sickle cell disease. Preliminary data suggest substantial variation and inconsistencies in practice of these two therapeutic modalities in South Asia. In this systematic review we searched Medline, Cochrane library and Scopus for articles on usage of hydroxyurea and blood transfusion therapies for sickle cell disease in South Asia published in English between October 2005 and October 2020.Results: We selected 41 papers: 33 from India, 3 from Sri Lanka, 2 each from Pakistan and Bangladesh and one from Nepal. Only 14 prospective trials focused on hydroxyurea therapy from which majority (n = 10; 71.4%) adopted fixed low dose (10 mg/kg/day) regimen. With hydroxyurea therapy, 12 and 9 studies reported significant reductions in vaso-occlusive crises and transfusion requirement respectively. Severe anaemia (haemoglobin level < 6-7 g/dl) was the commonest indicator (n = 8) for transfusion therapy followed by vaso-occlusive crisis.Conclusions: Published data on the hydroxyurea and transfusion therapies in South Asia are limited and heterogeneous. A clear gap of knowledge exists about the nature of the sickle cell disease in the Indian subcontinent particularly from countries outside India necessitating further evidence-based assessments and interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2021
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48. The effects of Agriculture Productivity, Land Intensification, on Sustainable Economic Growth: A panel analysis from Bangladesh, India, and Pakistan Economies.
- Author
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Yaqoob N, Ali SA, Kannaiah D, Khan N, Shabbir MS, Bilal K, and Tabash MI
- Subjects
- Bangladesh, Pakistan, India, Economic Development, Agriculture methods
- Abstract
Population in South Asia is increasing ever than a faster rate, subsequently; food security, climate change, and capital intensive agro farming techniques are the prevailing challenges in this region. This is a tri-country penal analysis, Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh, and the study covers the data throughout (1973-2020). This study has used modern farm input data besides demographic variables in the study. In this study, we use panel data set, ARDL (PMG) approach, autoregressive distributed lag model pooled mean group, which is an extensively dynamic modeling technique for heterogeneous data. The results of the study explore that transition in the demographic pattern in Pakistan, India, and Bangladesh is the real cause of low crop productivity and land intensification. Technology innovation is the only ray of hope to fulfill the food demand of the future ahead and climate agriculture practices can hamper the further deterioration of the small farmlands., (© 2022. The Author(s), under exclusive licence to Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature.)
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- 2023
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49. Beyond the barriers: South Asian women's experience of accessing and receiving psychological therapy in primary care.
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Yasmin-Qureshi, Saimah and Ledwith, Susan
- Subjects
CULTURE ,HEALTH services accessibility ,RESEARCH methodology ,ATTITUDE (Psychology) ,INTERVIEWING ,MEDICAL personnel ,PATIENT satisfaction ,PRIMARY health care ,PATIENTS' attitudes ,QUALITATIVE research ,THEMATIC analysis ,PATIENT-professional relations ,PSYCHOLOGY & religion ,MENTAL health services ,PSYCHOTHERAPY ,COGNITIVE therapy - Abstract
Purpose: A number of initiatives have been developed to ensure easy access to mental health services for Black and Asian Minority Ethnic (BAME) communities. Improving Access to Psychological Therapies (IAPT) is a service that delivers first line interventions for South Asian women; however, little is known about what makes IAPT accessible for this population. This paper aims to explore South Asian women's experiences of accessing psychological therapy and whether therapy within IAPT helps individuals to re-frame their experiences within their own cultural context. Design/methodology/approach: A qualitative approach was used. Semi-structured interviews were carried out with South Asian women who accessed an IAPT service. Ten participants took part in the study and interviews were analysed using thematic analysis. Findings: Six themes were identified; access, experience, cultural framework, therapist characteristics, expectations and "sticking with it". Having a good therapeutic relationship with the therapist was key. While cognitive behavioural therapy (CBT) enabled clients to manage their symptoms, manualised CBT led to a sense of dissatisfaction for some. Clients spoke of having to make a forced choice to either deny their culture or leave their culture at the door to access therapy. Cultural and religious exclusion had a negative impact on therapy particularly for those whose difficulties were related to their cultural or religious context. Practical implications: Culture and religion continues to be excluded from psychological therapy for South Asian Women. A cultural shift is required from within IAPT services to maintain engagement for this group. Further clinical implications are discussed. Originality/value: While the experiences of Black and Asian ethnic minority groups accessing secondary mental health services has been explored, this study explores and highlights the experiences of South Asian Women accessing therapy in primary care, and uniquely identifies the processes that enable women to engage in therapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
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50. Green Banking in Bangladesh: Progress, Problems and Prospects.
- Author
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Ullah, Md Shahid
- Subjects
BANKING industry ,SUSTAINABILITY ,ENVIRONMENTAL protection ,LAW enforcement ,TWENTY-first century ,ECONOMIC history - Abstract
Environmental concern is at the centre of Green Banking (GB) policies and strategies. Considering the importance of green banking, Bangladesh Bank (BB), the central bank of the country, has undertaken a number of initiatives. The broad objective of the paper is to assess the achievements of Bangladesh in eco-friendly banking. The specific objectives of the paper is to review the relevance of GB, the policy, regulatory and business environment of GB; to assess the achievements and prospects of GB and to identify impediments on the way to reaching a green economy in Bangladesh. The study finds that the policy initiatives for GB are numerous; however, one-size fits all policy, weak enforcement of environmental laws, unpreparedness of the banks, market imperfection and ignorant customer group are the major hinderances in doing GB. The coordinated efforts of Bangladesh Bank, banks, government, consumers and pressure groups are essential to attain the vision of a green economy in Bangladesh. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2014
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