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This article focuses on Lamaism, a development of phase of Buddhism in Tibet. Possibly it is on account of this secluded character of their natural surroundings that they have laid hold of the idea of Peace. Peace is the central idea in practical Lamaism, Peace, almost at any price, is what the Tibetans aim at. To obtain it they are ready to sacrifice their national independence. Mohamedanism does not to anything like the same extent enjoin peace. Many Mohamedans in fact think themselves bound to spread their faith even by means of the sword. It is a much more militant faith than Lamaism. The Tibetans were never as warlike as the Mongols. But in their early history they once carried their arms to the capital of China, at Siningefu, and at another time a king of Tibet extended his sway through Nepal to the borders of India. And one sees in the course of their history that as Buddhism gained an increasing hold over the people and, as the Lamas acquired greater political influence, the idea of peace more fully permeated the Tibetans and they gradually lost their warlike propensities.

The article discusses problems of economic growth in the poorer nations that became a major foreign policy concern of the wealthy and powerful nations of the world. The relative progress in the development of the two countries, India and China, is of great significance. There were strong parallels in their preplan structure and strong contrasts between China's totalitarian and India's democratic programs. Their performance relative to one another may influence the programs adopted by other, now less advanced, countries. It will certainly bear upon the United States and Soviet foreign policies. Furthermore, the record of the course of development in these two lands provides a unique opportunity for examining the process of development as such. Structural unemployment, underutilized resources, overurbanization, nonmonetized savings and investment flows-these are illustrative of the types of problems that must be understood and treated if there are to be steady output gains in most of today's underdeveloped areas.

Focuses on pediatric services and education in developing countries of Asia. Progress of pediatrics in the region; Paucity of pediatric specialists; Curative facilities for children in India.

This paper is a report on the first (serological) phase of a study organized by WHO in collaboration with the WHO International Reference Centre for Respiratory Virus Diseases other than Influenza in Bethesda, Md., USA, to define the viral etiology of severe respiratory infections in children, particularly in tropical areas. Paired sera from 528 children up to 5 years old admitted to hospital with severe respiratory illness of probable viral etiology were collected in 10 countries and sent frozen to the International Reference Centre, where standard complement-fixation tests were made for the following agents: parainfluenza virus types 1, 2 and 3, influenza virus types A and B, adenoviruses, respiratory syncytial virus, Mycoplasma pneumoniae, Coxiella burneti and psittacosis-ornithosis.Some 41% of paired sera showed rising antibody titres for one or more of these agents, multiple infections being observed in 8%. In most of the countries the pattern of infection was similar. RS virus was the most important respiratory tract pathogen of early life, particularly in the first year of life and in cases of bronchiolitis and pneumonia; the parainfluenza viruses were next in importance, particularly in cases of croup, but, in contra-distinction to RS virus infections, they were commoner in older children. Influenza, adenoviruses, and M. pneumoniae were of moderate importance, and C. burneti and the psittacosis-ornithosis agents were relatively rare. This pattern is similar to that which has been observed in temperate climates.

Evaluates various papers focusing on social development in Asia. Land reforms and agrarian change in India; Examination of professional profiles and employment problems in selected countries; Analysis of the political sociology of the process of economic development; Agrarian framework for development.

"The purpose of the paper is to explore the nature of association of certain external and internal density measures with each other and with a set of selected variables in four states of India. Pearson's Simple Coefficient of Correlations and Stepwise Multiple Regression were used for analysis of data. The results reinforce the notion of a clear distinction between external and internal density measures and their associative factors in India; the two measures of internal density, although highly correlated, were found to have varied relevance to the dependent variables.", (excerpt)

"This paper is concerned with the issue of delimiting population [regions] in India on the basis of selected and basic population variables." Types of regions are defined in two ways: by measuring 16 population variables at the district level and by measuring selected blocks of variables at the state/union territory level. "A defined method of score assessment has been employed which displays characteristic and clear grouping of districts in each [case]." Data are from the 1971 census., (excerpt)

This paper analyzes the relationship between the adoption of female sterilization and 3 social and modernization variables (education, income, and family type) and 2 demographic variables (number of living children and years of marriage) for a sample of 200. The influence of each of these 5 variables on female sterilization is studied by the percentage distribution method and the variance test. The data are analyzed by using the urban-rural and adopter-nonadopter classification. Results show that the social and modernization variables do not seem to influence the adoption of female sterilization among urban or rural households, but the demographic variables--number of living children and years of marriage--do seem to have a clear influence. Among rural households there are differences in these variables between adopters and nonadopters of female sterilization. There is a policy implication here: the government has to advocate the 2 child norm to all eligible couples in the early years of marriage and advise them to adopt sterilization after the birth of the 2nd child. This will go a long way in achieving the national target of the replacement level of reproduction by the year 2000.

This paper analyzes the impact of various factors on variations in the rate of natural increase of population in Western Maharashtra, India. By using district level data, coefficients of correlation have been calculated between the rate of natural increase, the birth rate and the death rate on the 1 hand and different factors affecting them on the other. The analysis shows that in Western Maharashtra the birth rate is high in response to the high death rate and the high infant mortality rate. It is also revealed that the rate of natural increase of the population declines with an increase in the proportion of working females as well as the proportion of educated males. All this signifies that the region under study is in the 2nd stage of the "demographic transition."

The article discusses the demographic characteristics of Old Macao from 1555 to 1640. It states that nearly 400 Portuguese and undetermined number of Indians, Malays, Timorese and Africans lived on Lang-pai-kang around 1555. It mentions that these people, who are mostly merchants, seamen, craftsmen and servants, made up the majority of Macao's founding generation. It notes that due to the absence of European women, the racial composition of Macao started to shift in favour of the Chinese. However, although the city underwent a major change in terms of its ethnic ratio, many people continued to relocate from India, Southeast Asia and Africa.